Why We Can't Say Much about Students with Disabilities during Education Reform

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Vanderwood ◽  
Kevin S. McGrew ◽  
James E. Ysseldyke
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
National Data ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Collection Programs

Education reform initiatives throughout the entire educational system have focused attention on outcomes and quantifiable data. With increasing frequency, the data needed to monitor and evaluate reform initiatives are being drawn from large-scale state and national data collection programs. Although sufficient national level school completion outcome indicators and state goal statements suggest the potential for evaluating the outcomes of students with disabilities, the exclusion of significant numbers of these students from both state and national data collection programs made it all but impossible to describe their status. Recommendations are offered for improving the collection and reporting of information in state and national data collection programs.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Exclusion of Students With Disabilities in National Data Collection Programs

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. McGrew ◽  
Martha L. Thurlow ◽  
Amy N. Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
National Data ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Programs ◽  
Significant Attention

This investigation examined the extent to which students with disabilities are involved in a select sample of national data collection programs that are playing a pivotal role in the measurement-driven educational reform movement. Nine data collection programs that are receiving significant attention in current educational reform initiatives were reviewed. The results suggest that approximately 40% to 50% of school-age students with disabilities are excluded from some of the most prominent national educational data collection programs. In contrast, students with disabilities are included to a greater degree in noneducational data collection programs that do not require participation in direct assessment activities. This study reports on the extent of exclusion, how and why exclusion occurs, and the impact of this exclusion on policy research. Preliminary recommendations for addressing the significant exclusion of students with disabilities from certain national data collection programs are presented.

Learning from failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Greene ◽  
Michael Q. McShane
Keyword(s):  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Race To The Top ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Learning From Failure ◽  
The Common

Over the last two decades, federal and state policy makers have launched a number of ambitious, large-scale education reform initiatives —No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, the Common Core State Standards, and others — only to see them sputter and fail. In 2017, the authors convened a number of leading scholars to explore why those initiatives failed and what can be learned from them. Participants agreed that to be more successful in the future, reformers will need to balance ambition and urgency with humility, political acumen, and the ability to recognize when it’s time to slow down or scale things back.

scholarly journals Spain: The Evidence Provided by International Large-Scale Assessments About the Spanish Education System: Why Nobody Listens Despite All the Noise

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-201
Author(s):  
Montse Gomendio
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Education System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grade Repetition ◽  
Early School ◽  
Top Performers ◽  
Spanish Education

AbstractILSAs show that student performance in Spain is lower than the OECD average and has shown no progress from 2000 until 2011/2012. One of the main features is the low proportion of top performers. During this long period of stagnation, the education system was characterized by having no national (or standardized regional) evaluations and no flexibility to adapt to the different needs of the student population. The fact that the system was blind and rigid, plus the lack of common standards at the national level, gave rise to three major deficiencies: a high rate of grade repetition, which led to high rates of early school leaving, and large differences between regions. These features of the Spanish education system represent major inequities. However, PISA findings were used to reinforce the misguided view that the Spanish education system prioritized equity over excellence. After the implementation of an education reform, some improvements in student performance took place in 2015 and 2016. Unfortunately, the results for PISA 2018 in reading were withdrawn for Spain, apparently due to changes in methodology which led to unreliable results. To this date, no explanation has been provided raising concerns about the reliability and accountability of PISA.

scholarly journals Perils of data-driven equity: Safety-net care and big data’s elusive grasp on health inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172092809
Author(s):  
Taylor M Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Social Significance

Large-scale data systems are increasingly envisioned as tools for justice, with big data analytics offering a key opportunity to advance health equity. Health systems face growing public pressure to collect data on patient “social factors,” and advocates and public officials seek to leverage such data sources as a means of system transformation. Despite the promise of this “data-driven” strategy, there is little empirical work that examines big data in action directly within the sites of care expected to transform. In this article, I present a case study on one such initiative, focusing on a large public safety-net health system’s initiation of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data collection within the clinical setting. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with providers, staff, and administrators, I highlight three main challenges that elude big data’s grasp on inequality: (1) provider and staff’s limited understanding of the social significance of data collection; (2) patient perception of the cultural insensitivity of data items; and (3) clinic need to balance data requests with competing priorities within a constrained time window. These issues reflect structural challenges within safety-net care that big data alone are unable to address in advancing social justice. I discuss these findings by considering the present data-driven strategy alongside two complementary courses of action: diversifying the health professions workforce and clinical education reform. To truly advance justice, we need more than “just data”: we need to confront the fundamental conditions of social inequality.

scholarly journals Population health indicators availability at regional level across the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Costa ◽  
A Freitas ◽  
P Santana
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
National Data ◽  
Health Gap

Abstract Background The availability of reliable and comparable data at the regional level is extremely important to measure regional health inequalities. The aim of this research is to assess the data availability of the indicators included in EURO-HEALTHY’s Population Health Index (PHI), a multidimensional tool developed to measure population health across European regions. Methods Three consecutive steps where implemented: i) assessment of data availability and reliability of the indicators for the regional level and for the last year with data available; ii) application of a protocol to solve cases of missing data and assure the database completeness and iii) development of an availability scoring system, ranging from 0 (no data available) to 1 (all data available), by indicator and EU region. Results A set of 39 population health indicators were assessed. The mean availability is 0.8, ranging from 0.46 (worst) to 1 (best). Indicators such as ’Unemployment’, ’Higher education’, ’Ageing index’, ’Teenage motherhood’, ’Victims in road accidents’, ’Fatality rate’, ’Life expectancy’ and ’Infant mortality’ present the highest scores (>0.95). ’Daily smokers’, ’Pure alcohol consumption’, ’Number of rooms per person’ and access to ’Public water supply’ and ’Wastewater treatment’ present the lowest availability scores (<0.60), mostly due to the availability at the national level only. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive assessment of data availability of population health indicators from multiple areas of concern, at the EU regional level. The results highlight the urgent need for sub-national data in several domains that are important to close the health gap between and within countries. Still, as data collection in EU is driven by a policy derived framework, it is essential to give awareness to the regional scale, prior to the policy development. Key messages There is an urgent need for sub-national data in several domains that are important to close the health gap between and within countries. As data collection in EU is driven by a policy derived framework, it is essential to give awareness to the regional scale, prior to the policy development.

HOME VISITS DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF DELIVERY FOR RECENTLY DELIVERED WOMEN IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy ◽  
Dr. Umakant Prusty ◽  
Dr. Chintamani Nayak ◽  
Dr. Rakesh Dwivedi ◽  
Dr. Mohini Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The current article of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is about the ASHAs who are the daughters-in-law of a family that resides in the same community that they serve as the grassroots health worker since 2005 when the NRHM was introduced in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. UP is one such Empowered Action Group (EAG) state. The current study explores the actual responses of Recently Delivered Women (RDW) on their visits during the first month of their recent delivery. From the catchment area of each of the 250 ASHAs, two RDWs were selected who had a child in the age group of 3 to 6 months during the survey. The response profiles of the RDWs on the post- delivery first month visits are dwelled upon to evolve a picture representing the entire state of UP. The relevance of the study assumes significance as detailed data on the modalities of postnatal visits are available but not exclusively for the first month period of their recent delivery. The details of the post-delivery first month period related visits are not available even in large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey 4 done in 2015-16. The current study gives an insight in to these visits with a five-point approach i.e. type of personnel doing the visit, frequency of the visits, visits done in a particular week from among those four weeks separately for the three visits separately. The current study is basically regarding the summary of this Penta approach for the post- delivery one-month period.     The first month period after each delivery deals with 70% of the time of the postnatal period & the entire neonatal period. Therefore, it does impact the Maternal Mortality Rate & Ratio (MMR) & the Neonatal Mortality Rates (NMR) in India and especially in UP through the unsafe Maternal & Neonatal practices in the first month period after delivery. The current MM Rate of UP is 20.1 & MM Ratio is 216 whereas the MM ratio is 122 in India (SRS, 2019). The Sample Registration System (SRS) report also mentions that the Life Time Risk (LTR) of a woman in pregnancy is 0.7% which is the highest in the nation (SRS, 2019). This means it is very risky to give birth in UP in comparison to other regions in the country (SRS, 2019). This risk is at the peak in the first month period after each delivery. Similarly, the current NMR in India is 23 per 1000 livebirths (UNIGME,2018). As NMR data is not available separately for states, the national level data also hold good for the states and that’s how for the state of UP as well. These mortalities are the impact indicators and such indicators can be reduced through long drawn processes that includes effective and timely visits to RDWs especially in the first month period after delivery. This would help in making their post-natal & neonatal stage safe. This is the area of post-delivery first month visit profile detailing that the current article helps in popping out in relation to the recent delivery of the respondents.   A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions.  The current article deals with five close ended questions with options, two for the type of personnel & frequency while the other three are for each of the three visits in the first month after the recent delivery of respondents. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the RDWs and a total 500 respondents had participated in the study.   Among the districts related to this article, the results showed that ASHA was the type of personnel who did the majority of visits in all the four districts. On the other hand, 25-40% of RDWs in all the 4 districts replied that they did not receive any visit within the first month of their recent delivery. Regarding frequency, most of the RDWs in all the 4 districts received 1-2 times visits by ASHAs.   Regarding the first visit, it was found that the ASHAs of Barabanki and Gonda visited less percentage of RDWs in the first week after delivery. Similarly, the second visit revealed that about 1.2% RDWs in Banda district could not recall about the visit. Further on the second visit, the RDWs responded that most of them in 3 districts except Gonda district did receive the second postnatal visit in 7-15 days after their recent delivery. Less than half of RDWs in Barabanki district & just more than half of RDWs in Gonda district received the third visit in 15-21 days period after delivery. For the same period, the majority of RDWs in the rest two districts responded that they had been entertained through a home visit.

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

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