Recent Johannine Studies: Part Two: Monographs

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Standing Question

This survey presents recent studies of the Gospel of John that have attended to the long-standing question of the relationship that may or may not exist between the Johannine story of Jesus and words and events from his life. A renewed interest in a closer link between John and history is taking place. Recent work on the role of “witness” in the early Church and in the transmission of traditions is also related to this search for the relationship between John and history, as is the ongoing debate over the relationship between the Fourth Gospel and the Synoptic Tradition. The debate over the religious and social background to John has been enriched by recent studies that attempt to locate the Gospel in the Roman Empire, and trace the influence of Roman religion and Imperial practices in the Johannine text. Rich studies of Johannine Theology continue to appear, and the recent turn to a more literary evaluation of the Gospel has led to a strong growth in interest in the role of Johannine characters within the story. Some claim that they are entirely subject to the Johannine rhetoric, while others prefer to single them out as distinct and identifiable “personalities.”

Bureaucrats and Politicians in Policymaking: The Case of Japan

1984 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Muramatsu ◽  
Ellis S. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Liberal Democratic Party ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Japanese Politics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dominant Actor ◽  
The Relationship

This article extends the recent empirical work on the perceptions and role of bureaucrats and politicians in policymaking. The question of the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats and the role of each in policymaking is especially important in the case of Japan, because the prevalent models of Japanese politics and policymaking are those of the “bureaucracy dominant” or of a closely interwoven “ruling triad” of bureaucracy, big business, and the governing Liberal Democratic Party.Data are from a systematic survey of 251 higher civil servants and 101 members of the government and opposition parties in the House of Representatives, supplemented by data from other surveys and, wherever possible, compared to equivalent data from western democracies.The results indicate that Japanese politicians and bureaucrats resemble Western European elites both in social background and in the fact that although the roles of politician and bureaucrat are converging, there are still differences in their contributions to the policymaking process. However, politicians influence policymaking more than most models of Japanese politics have posited, and even government and opposition politicians share some consensus about the most important policy issues facing Japan. A factor analysis demonstrated that higher civil servants' orientations toward their roles vary significantly with their positions in the administrative hierarchy.The 27-year incumbency of the LDP as ruling party has been particularly important in determining the Japanese variant of the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats. We suggest that the Japanese case shows that the bureaucracy's increasing role in policymaking is universal; however, in late-modernizing political systems like Japan's, where the bureaucracy has always been a dominant actor, the growing power of politicians in postwar politics has been the most significant actor in bringing about more convergence in the two elites. Our data on this trend argue for a more complicated and pluralistic view of Japanese policymaking than that provided by either the bureaucracy-dominant or the ruling-triad model.

scholarly journals EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE & EDUCATION: AN ICT PERSPECTIVE

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anthony Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Early Childhood Care ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the 21st century, technology serves to reinforce the educational bedrock of any country. Technology has revolutionized the teaching learning process by integrating different source of knowledge - clearly visible from primary to post-tertiary level. This paper examines the introduction of ICT in early childhood years centred on the relationship of ICT with the cognitive, emotional and social development of children. The paper discusses various aspects of the ongoing debate around ICT usage in the early years and tries to answer some of the relevant issues namely, the rationale for early introduction of ICT, the perceived risks and benefits involved in its usage, the role of the parents, and fostering appropriate application of ICT in the early childhood classrooms.

scholarly journals Lessons from the Early Church for Today’s Evangelical Christianity

Kairos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Ervin Budiselić
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Evangelical Christianity ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Rule Of Faith ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Presuming that within Evangelical Christianity there is a crisis of biblical interpretation, this article seeks to address the issue, especially since Evangelicals view the existence of the church as closely connected to the proclamation of the Truth. Starting with a position that Evangelical hermeneutics is not born in a vacuum, but is the result of a historical process, the first part of the article introduces the problem of sola and solo scriptura, pointing out some problematic issues that need to be addressed. In the second part, the article discusses patristic hermeneutics, especially: a) the relationship between Scripture and tradition embodied in regula fidei and; b) theological presuppositions which gave birth to allegorical and literal interpretations of Scripture in Alexandria and Antioch. In the last part of the article, based on lessons from the patristic era, certain revisions of the Evangelical practice of the interpretation of Scripture are suggested. Particularly, Evangelicals may continue to hold the Bible as the single infallible source for Christian doctrine, continue to develop the historical-grammatical method particularly in respect to the issue of the analogy of faith in exegetical process, but also must recognize that the Bible cannot in toto play the role of the rule of faith or the analogy of faith. Something else must also come into play, and that “something” would definitely be the recovery of the patristic period “as a kind of doctrinal canon.”

Britain and Ireland, 100–700 CE

2019 ◽  
pp. 601-622
Author(s):  
David Petts
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
Church Structures ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews the evidence for the archaeology of early Christianity in Britain and Ireland. Here, the church had its origins in the areas that lay within the Roman Empire in the fourth century but rapidly expanded north and west in the early fifth century following the end of Roman rule. The evidence for church structures is limited and often ambiguous, with securely identifiable sites not appearing to any extent until the seventh century. There is a range of material culture that can be linked to the early church from the fourth to the seventh centuries; in particular, there are strong traditions of epigraphy and increasingly decorative stone carving from most areas. The conversion to Christianity also impacted burial rites, although the relationship between belief and mortuary traditions is not a simple one.

The Gnostic Sects and the Roman Empire

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. C. Frend
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Two generations of lawyers and historians of the early Church have worked over the scanty evidence bearing on the legal and political relations between the first Christian communities and the Roman Empire. It is not the intention of the present writer to add to the enormous volume of work on the subject. The results of their battles have been ably summarised by A. N. Sherwin-White, and with his conclusions the legal problem may be allowed to rest until new evidence is forthcoming. The object of this paper is to look at the question from another point of view, and to ask who were the sufferers, and in particular, who were martyred in the period before the first general persecution under Decius. Were Polycarp, Justin, Blandina and the rest chance victims of private denunciation and the fury of the mob, or did they represent a tradition of belief in which martyrdom became the climax of earthly life? And what of those who obeyed the precept to flee during persecution? Was their action due to cowardice, or was it the belief that martyrdom was not the will of God? Can we see in the controversy over martyrdom which engaged so much of Tertullian's energies, one more phase in the strife between the orthodox and gnostic concepts of Christianity, on the outcome of which so much in the future of the Church depended? What, in fact, was the relationship between the Gnostics and the Roman authorities?

Theoretical triangulation and pluralism in accounting research: a critical realist critique

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Modell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Realism ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Theoretical Pluralism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Realist Perspective

Purpose – This is a rejoinder to Hoque et al. (2013) previously published in this journal. The purpose of this paper is to further elucidate and extend some of their key arguments related to the use of theoretical triangulation in accounting research. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual discussion focusing on how the understanding of the notion of theoretical triangulation can be enhanced from a critical realist perspective. Findings – The author draws attention to some ambiguities in Hoque et al.’s (2013) reasoning and advance a critique of their rather under-developed conceptions of the relationship between ontology and epistemology, the epistemic premises influencing the choice of theories and the role of theories in conditioning empirical observations and scholarly knowledge claims. To address these issues the author advances a critical realist approach and discusses its implications for theoretical triangulation in accounting research. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the ongoing debate about theoretical pluralism in accounting research by explicating how critical realism may further such pluralism and the inter-disciplinary accounting research project more generally.

scholarly journals Anthropological experiences of religious movements

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Lehel Peti
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Background Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
The Relationship

The study presents the terminology within the discourses of religious movements, a brief overview of the standpoints of the research that has been done until present in the respective field. The author’s questions are organized around the understanding of the relationship between the organically linked religious and social elements of this phenomenon. The author, looking through existing theories, aims to discuss the following issues:</p> <p>a.) the nature of the reactions of the traditional religious communities to social conflicts;</p> <p>b.) the social background (structure, dynamics) of the collective religious experience occurring in ordinary situations;</p> <p>c.) society-forming role of the acculturating conflicts: religion/revolutionarism?</p> <p>d.) mobilizing force of the traditional utopias;</p> <p>e.) the effect of the social threats on the formation of responsiveness towards traditional ideologies and transcendent sensitivity

scholarly journals ‘Deo Magno Mercurio Adoravit…’ – The Latin Language and Its Use in Sacred Spaces and Contexts in Roman Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Jiří Honzl
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions ◽  
Actual Relation

The use of Latin in the multilingual society of Roman Egypt was never more than marginal. Yet, as a language of the ruling power, the Roman Empire, Latin enjoyed to some extent a privileged status. It was generally more widely applied in the army, as well as on some official occasions, and in the field of law. Less expectably, various Latin inscriptions on stone had religious contents or were found in sacred spaces and contexts. Such texts included honorary and votive inscriptions, visitors’ graffiti, and funerary inscriptions. All three groups are surveyed and evaluated focusing especially on their actual relation to the religious sphere and social background, noting both continuity and changes of existing practices and traditions. Such analysis of the inscriptions allows to draw conclusions not only regarding the use of Latin in religious matters in Egypt but also reveal some aspects of the use of Latin in Egypt in general and the role of Roman culture in the Egyptian society.

scholarly journals “‘Little bags of remembrance’: du Maurier’s Peter Ibbetson and Victorian Theories of Ancestral Memory”

2009 ◽  
pp. 0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena Vrettos
Keyword(s):  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Emerging Memory ◽  
Involuntary Memories ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Victorian Psychology ◽  
Modern Technologies

AbstractIn the late-Victorian period considerable speculation that dreams provided access to ancestral memories appeared in both literary and psychological texts. Psychologists and psychical researchers such as Thomas Laycock, Samuel Butler, and F. W. H. Myers, among others, conceptualized memories and dreams as social, rather than solitary, mental functions, capable of making trans-historical connections with other minds. Their theories of ancestral memory effectively challenged the boundaries of subjectivity and the singularity of selfhood by extending identity across generations. One of the most sensational and sustained explorations of ancestral memory was George du Maurier’s 1891 novelPeter Ibbetson,which simultaneously adopted, popularized and expanded this ongoing debate about the nature of memory and the evolutionary scope of the unconscious. This essay traces the various ways in which these discourses on ancestral memory intersect. Both echoing and anticipating writers in the newly emerging memory sciences, Du Maurier’s novel explores the central role of the senses in producing and retrieving involuntary memories and envisions the mechanisms of memory as akin to modern technologies such as photography and phonography. Du Maurier’s account of ancestral memory thereby dramatizes some of the most far-reaching questions in late-Victorian psychology about the relationship between memory, identity, and the material world.

Interpreting the “Apocalyptic” Gospel with Jewish Apocalypses

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-166
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Moses ◽  
The Relationship

If the Gospel of John is an “apocalyptic” Gospel, the relationship between revelation and the Torah in Jewish apocalypses can aid our understanding of the Law of Moses in the Fourth Gospel. While Jewish apocalypses have distinct perspectives on the Torah, they are dependent upon the Hebrew Bible and were read alongside the Hebrew Bible. The revelation that is disclosed in Jewish apocalypses, whether “new” or not, ultimately derives from the God of Israel. Jewish apocalypses engaged in “revelatory exegesis” in which they sought to understand Israel’s Scriptures in light of their present circumstances. The Gospel of John interprets the Hebrew Bible in light of Jesus’s revelation in a similar manner. John claims the authority of Moses and other heroes of Israel in order to legitimate the revelation Jesus discloses. Further Johannine topics, such as imagery, time, and language, may also be explained in terms of the Gospel’s apocalyptic mode.

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