Disordered eating behaviours and sedentary lifestyle prevention among young Mexicans: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 872-883
Author(s):  
Teresita de Jesús Saucedo-Molina ◽  
Martín Villarreal Castillo ◽  
Luz Alejandra Oliva Macías ◽  
Claudia Unikel Santoncini ◽  
Rebeca María Elena Guzmán Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Healthy Menus

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a universal prevention programme for disordered eating behaviours (DEB) and sedentary lifestyle among Mexican young people. Design: Non-experimental single group field study with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test and at 6-month follow-up). Setting: Public high school in Hidalgo, Mexico. Methods: In all, 214 young women and 154 young men aged 15–18 years with a mean age of 16.4 participated in the study. For both young women and men, data were collected using the Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviours (DEB) and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among young men, additional data were collected using the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Intervention: Five activity-based sessions. In the first four sessions, the following topics were addressed: thinness culture, myths and realities of dieting and supplements, healthy eating behaviours and healthy menus. At the end of each session, students engaged in an enjoyable physical activity hour. In the fifth session, participants were divided into three parallel workshop groups focusing on: thinness culture, healthy menus, and physical activity. The programme incorporated a variety of dissonance-based interventions using interactive psychoeducational strategies. Results: After 6 months, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant reduction in the mean DEB scores in young women. In young men, DEB and DMS mean scores decreased but not significantly. Physical activity frequency and duration showed a significant increase in the total sample over time. Conclusions: Overall, implementation of the programme had positive effects on young people and important differences were found between the sexes.

Changes in leisure activity among young people aged 15–18 years in Hungary: physical activity, media-consumption and smoking

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (15) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
Bence Takács
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Positive Effects

Introduction: Young people are more and more inactive, which has numerous well-known negative effects on their health. Several studies indicate that inactive lifestyle disposes people to sit in front of the television, which increases agression and decreases the willingness of reading. There is also a strong link between inactivity and an increase of body mass, deterioration of anthropometric parameters, and deviant behaviour. Aims: The aim of the study was to find out, on the basis of two cross-sectional surveys, the changes occurred within eight years in the free-time activity of Hungarian young people aged between 15 and 19 years. Methods: Data obtained from two surveys conducted by the National Institute for Family and Social Policy, Hungary in 2000 and 2008 including 1780 and 2018 young people, respectively, were analysed and compared. Results: The number of young people regularly involved in sport activity increased significantly, while their media-consumption failed to decrease. Physically active young people are more health-conscious, but regular sporting activity did not expel smoking, which was associated with a sedentary lifestyle and television watching. Conclusions: These data reveal new responses of a new generation; watching televison still takes the largest part of their free time activity, but use of computers, and participation in social activities are not necessarily increase sedentary lifestyle and deviant habits. Internet has positive effects on the regularity of their physical activity. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 581–589.

scholarly journals Gorban Features of autonomic regulation of heart rate depending on the composition of the body in young people

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
V. V. Gorban ◽  
V. S. Menshix ◽  
E. V. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity

Objective: of the research was to study preclinical changes in heart rate variability (HRV) associated with overweight and obesity in young people in order to determine the targets of predictive therapy.Material and methods: the study involved 105 young men and 111 young women aged 18 to 30 years. Questionnaires, anthropometry with determination of body mass index and waist circumference, bioimpedansometry with determination of body fat (BF) and visceral fat (VF) level, as well as monitoring of HRV based on short (ten-minute) records were carried out.Result: young people of both sexes showed a high frequency of overweight (24.1%) and obesity (18.5%), as well as a low level of physical activity (FA, 46.3%). In 28.8% of young men and 12.5% of young women with overweight and obesity, there was a high level of VF. Taking into account the outstripping increase in VF as compared to BF, it is reasonable to divide the VF levels into low (<5 conventional units), intermediate (5-9 conventional units), and high (> 9 conventional units). In overweight young people, compared with normal body weight, HRV is characterized by less pronounced parasympathetic activity, and in girls compared with young men, there is less total HRV. A high HRV level is associated with such HRV indicators as an increase values of LF/ HF and SDANN, reflecting, respectively, a reduction in the parasympathetic and enhanced sympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of the central circuit of heart rhythm regulation over the autonomous one.Conclusion: to diagnose autonomic imbalance in young people, it is necessary to determine the composition of the body, FA level, take into account the individual dynamics of HRV parameters, since they rarely exceed the norm. Changes in total HRV, sympathetic and parasympathetic activity during the non-drug correction of obesity should be monitored with an emphasis on pNN (50) and SDANN indicators associated with BF, and when correcting physical activity — on the indicator of voltage index of regulatory systems.

Gender aspects of aggressive behaviour in adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Ivashinenko ◽  
Elena Burdelova ◽  
Lyubov Ivashinenko
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
High Level

This article presents the results of a study the purpose of which was research of the factors and patterns of aggression in adolescence. Its results are required to find personas, who need preventive work, and features of the system of preventive measures, depending on the structure of the target audience. In 2016 there were 721 respondents who took part in the study, and 1437 in 2019. The method used in this study is the Buss-Durkee test modified by G. V. Rezapkina (BDHI). Results of the study clearly demonstrate that amongst young people there is a high-level spread of severe irritation, especially among young women. Also, the predominance of such components of aggression as negativity and irritation was noted. According to the results, young women more often get irritated than young men, and on the scale of “negativism”, there is no significant differences. Physical aggression was discovered to be more characteristic for young men.

scholarly journals Young Men and Young Women in Secure Care: Gender Differences in the Placement of Those With Mental Health Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Bartlett ◽  
Jared G Smith ◽  
Louise Warner ◽  
Heidi Hales
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Secure Care ◽  
Mental Health Diagnoses

Abstract Background The system of secure care for young people in England and Wales comprises youth justice, welfare and mental health facilities. Empirical studies have failed to investigate the system as a whole. The National Adolescent Study in 2016 was the first to provide comprehensive system wide information. This paper, derived from that data set, addresses equity of service provision for young men and women in secure care who have mental health problems.MethodsThe detained census population of English young people was 1322 and detailed data were available on 93% of this population, including 983 young men and 290 young women. The descriptive census data were interrogated to identify associations between gender, other sociodemographic and clinical variables, using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. To control for Type 1 errors, the False Discovery rate approach was used. SPSS (V25) was used for statistical analysis.Results Numerically more young men in secure care than young women in secure care warrant a psychiatric diagnosis but young women had a 9 fold increase in the odds of having a diagnosis compared with the young men. The pattern of mental health diagnoses differed significantly by gender as did the pattern of young men and women’s secure care placement. This different pattern of placement continued to differ by gender when the nature of the mental health diagnosis was taken into account.Conclusions No definitive explanation is evident for the significantly different, placement patterns of young men and young women with the same, mental health diagnoses but the anticipated consequences for some, young men and some young women are important. Proper explanation demands an examination of process variables out with the remit of this study. The lack of routine scrutiny and transparent processes across secure settings could be responsible for the development of these differential placement practices; these practices seem at odds with the duty placed on public services by the Equality Act.

Gender inequalities in political participation and political engagement among young people in Europe: Are young women less politically engaged than young men?

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grasso ◽  
Katherine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Political News ◽  
Current State ◽  
Detailed Picture

This paper contributes to the literature by examining gender inequalities in political participation and political engagement among young people from a comparative perspective. By analyzing data on young people from nine European countries collected in 2018, we examine gender inequalities in participation in various modes of conventional and unconventional activism as well as related attitudes, broader political engagement and key determinants, cross-nationally, in order to provide a detailed picture of the current state of gender inequalities in political activism among young people in Europe. Our results allow us to speak to extant theorizing about gender inequalities by showing that the extent of political inequality between young men and women is less marked than one might expect. While the gender gaps in political participation for activities such as confrontational types of protest are small or absent, we find that young women are actually more active in petitioning, buycotting, and volunteering in the community. Young men instead are more active than young women in a majority of the nine countries analysed with respect to more institutional forms of participation linked to organizations and parties, various types of online political participation, and broader political engagement measures, such as internal political efficacy and consumption of political news through various channels. However, young men also appear to be more sceptical at least of certain aspects of democratic practice relative to young women.

Young Women's and Men's Different Worlds of Alcohol, Fear, and Violence in Focus Group Discussions with 18-Year-Olds in Stockholm

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Street Violence

The purpose of the paper is to investigate how young women and men in focus group discussions reason about alcohol, street violence, fear of assault by a stranger, and to compare the different kinds of threats that young women and men present of what might happen when they are out at night and on their way home. The interviews are analysed from the point of view of the accounts the young people give for their feelings and behaviors. The young women's accounts are dominated by their answers to an implicit question of blame for how they ensure their security and which measures they have taken. What the young women are afraid of is rarely formulated explicitly. It is implicit and goes without much saying. On the other hand the accounts the young men are giving for their actions consist of answers to the implicit question of blame for violence they have been involved in and also of blame for fear of violence. The young men's picture of threat is concrete and consists of other young men of the same age. By their accounts they show that fear of violence is something that has to be given an explanation. The young men use intoxication both as an excuse for the violence they are using and as an explanation to why violence occurs.

scholarly journals Supporting girls and young women victims of sexual harassment in schools: “me and you and everyone we know”

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Goodman ◽  
Melania Calestani
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right

Purpose This study aims to highlight an innovative project, across three European countries, namely, Italy, Sweden and Romania, that used pictorial designs to empower young women to demand the right to live without sexual harassment. Design/methodology/approach Abstract figures in terms of race and gender of young people were produced on cards, which allowed the imagination of the viewer to interpret and discuss these images freely. Other cards had definitions and scenarios. The cards generated discussion and comments both with the young participants and educational professionals. Findings Using the cards produced a rich set of responses from the students. Not all recognised that what was happening between young men and women was sexual harassment. There was a need to develop the concept of empathy and personal responsibility for behaviour and etiquette between the sexes. The response from professionals also varied in terms of sympathy and understanding. Research limitations/implications The three countries had different degrees of openness to addressing sexual harassment of girls in schools. The results may not be generalisable to the UK and researchers would like to use the tool developed in other countries. Practical implications The focus groups with young people in schools highlighted different attitudes towards sexual harassment in girls and young women, between the young women and young men, and the variations in the three countries. There was a need to educate professionals of the long-term impact of sexual violence and harassment. Social implications The research revealed the importance of producing a tool (the cards), which enabled young people to discuss sexual harassment in a focused way. Young women will gain in confidence to challenge sexual and oppressive behaviour. Originality/value This paper gives a voice to young people to discuss an issue, sexual harassment, that is addressed to varying degrees in the countries involved. The competition for young people to produce posters led to some amazing creative ideas.

Making ends meet: Young people, work and the criminal economy

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob White
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Relationship

This paper attempts to locate changes in young people's involvement in crime, and the policing of young people, within the context of a changing political economy and the broken transitions experienced by a significant proportion of young men and young women. It begins by significant proportion of young men and young women. It begins by discussing how many young working class people have been excluded from the formal waged economy due to structural changes in the labour market. The paper then explores the relationship between the “cash crisis” affecting many unemployed school leavers, and their income and lifestyle options in the spheres of the informal waged economy, the informal unwaged economy, and the criminal economy

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