scholarly journals Effects of Initial Starting Distance and Gap Characteristics on Children’s and Young Adults’ Velocity Regulation When Intercepting Moving Gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1002-1018
Author(s):  
Hyun Chae Chung ◽  
Gyoojae Choi ◽  
Muhammad Azam
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Initial Distance ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Gap Characteristics ◽  
Initial Starting ◽  
Vehicle Size

Objective This study investigated how children and young adults regulate their velocity when crossing roads under varying traffic conditions. Background To cross roads safely, pedestrians must adapt their movements to the moving vehicles around them while tightly coupling their movement to visual information. Method Using an Oculus Rift, 16 children and 16 young adults walked on a treadmill and intercepted gaps between two simulated moving vehicles in an immersive virtual environment. We varied the participants’ initial distance from the curb to the interception point, as well as gap characteristics, including gap size and vehicle size. Results Varying the initial distance led to systematic adjustments in participants’ approach velocities. The inter-vehicle gap and the vehicle size affected the crossing position induced by the initial distance. However, participants did not systematically scale their positions according to the initial distance in narrow gap. Notably, children did not finely tune their movements when they approached wide gap from a closer distance or when they approached the large vehicle from closer distance. Conclusion Children were less precise in coupling their movements to the moving vehicle in complex traffic environments. In particular, large moving vehicles approaching at closer distances can pose risks when children cross roads. Application These findings suggest the need for an intervention program to improve children’s skill in perceiving larger vehicles and timing their movements when crossing roads. We suggest using an interactive virtual reality system to practice this skill.

scholarly journals The Association between Bone Mineral Density and Periodontal Disease in Middle-Aged Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3321
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hua Chou ◽  
Sao-Lun Lu ◽  
Sen-Te Wang ◽  
Ting-Hsuan Huang ◽  
Sam Li-Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Past History ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Periodontal Index

The association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease (PD) has been revealed by previous studies, but there have been few studies on the association in younger adults. We enrolled a total of 7298 adults aged 40 to 44 who underwent PD screening between 2003 and 2008. Data on quantitative ultrasound for the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) were collected for the diagnostic criteria of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was measured for defining PD. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of low bone mass on the risk of PD. Of 7298 enrollees, 31% had periodontal pockets >3 mm, 36.2% had osteopenia, and 2.1% had osteoporosis. The 39.8% of PD prevalence was high in adults with osteoporosis, followed by 33.3% in osteopenia. A negative association was found between BMD and CPI value (p < 0.0001). Low bone mass was associated with the risk of PD (adjusted OR: 1.13; 95% CI:1.02–1.26) after adjusting the confounding factors, including age, gender, education level, overweight, smoking status, past history of osteoporosis, and diabetes mellitus. An association between BMD and PD among young adults was found. An intervention program for the prevention of PD and osteoporosis could be considered starting in young adults.

Does the Combined Intervention Program Matter for College-Attending Hispanic and Other Minority Young Adults?

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2S) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thankam S. Sunil ◽  
Xiaohe Xu ◽  
Michelle Mutchler ◽  
Frederick Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Combined Intervention

Moving Vehicle Detection Using Time Domain Statistical Features

2013 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Paulraj ◽  
Hamid Adom Abdul ◽  
Marhainis Othman Siti ◽  
Sundararaj Sathishkumar
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Neural Network ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Moving Vehicle Detection ◽  
Sound Signature

The Hearing Impaired People (HIP) cannot distinguish the sound from a moving vehicle approaching from their behind. Since, it is difficult for hearing impaired to hear and judge sound information and they often encounter risky situations while they are in outdoor. If HIPs can successfully get sound information through some machine interface, dangerous situation will be avoided. Generally the profoundly deaf people do not use any hearing aid which does not provide any benefit. This paper presents, simple statistical features are used to classify the vehicle type and its distance based on sound signature recorded from the moving vehicles. An experimental protocol is designed to record the vehicle sound under different environment conditions and also at different speed of vehicles. Basic statistical features such as the standard deviation, Skewness, Kurtosis and frame energy have been used to extract the features. Probabilistic neural network (PNN) models are developed to classify the vehicle type and its distance. The effectiveness of the network is validated through stimulation.

Moving Vehicles Detection in Traffic Video Using Modified SXCS-LBP Texture Descriptor

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-34
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar H. D. ◽  
Prabhakar C. J.
Keyword(s):  
Background Modeling ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Texture Descriptor ◽  
Illumination Variation ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
Traffic Video ◽  
Lbp Descriptor ◽  
Moving Vehicle Detection

Background modeling and subtraction based method for moving vehicle's detection in traffic video using a novel texture descriptor called as Modified Spatially eXtended Center Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (Modified SXCS-LBP) descriptor. The XCS-LBP texture descriptor is sensitive to noise because in order to generate binary code, the value of center pixel value is used as the threshold directly, and it does not consider temporal motion information. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a novel texture descriptor called as Modified SXCS-LBP descriptor for moving vehicle detection based on background modeling and subtraction. The proposed descriptor is robust against noise, illumination variation, and able to detect slow moving vehicles because it considers both spatial and temporal moving information. The evaluation carried out using precision and recall metric, which are obtained using experiments conducted on two popular datasets such as BMC and CDnet datasets. The experimental result shows that the authors' method outperforms existing texture and non-texture based methods.

scholarly journals Effects of ageing on responses to stepping-target displacements during walking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajie Zhang ◽  
Jeroen B. J. Smeets ◽  
Eli Brenner ◽  
Sabine Verschueren ◽  
Jacques Duysens
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Random Moment

Abstract Purpose Human sensory and motor systems deteriorate with age. When walking, older adults may therefore find it more difficult to adjust their steps to new visual information, especially considering that such adjustments require control of balance as well as of foot trajectory. Our study investigates the effects of ageing on lower limb responses to unpredictable target shifts. Methods Participants walked on a treadmill with projected stepping targets that occasionally shifted in the medial or lateral direction. The shifts occurred at a random moment during the early half of the swing phase of either leg. Kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity data were collected. Results Older adults responded later and corrected for a smaller proportion of the shift than young adults. The order in which muscle activation changed was similar in both groups, with responses of gluteus medius and semitendinosus from about 120 to 140 ms after the shift. Most muscles responded slightly later to lateral target shifts in the older adults than in the young adults, but this difference was not observed for medial target shifts. Ageing delayed the behavioural responses more than it did the electromyographic (EMG) responses. Conclusions Our study suggests that older adults can adjust their walking to small target shifts during the swing phase, but not as well as young adults. Furthermore, muscle strength probably plays a substantial role in the changes in online adjustments during ageing.

scholarly journals Stopping Accidents before They Happen: Perceiving Lane-Level Moving Vehicle Danger Regions to Warn Surrounding Drivers and Pedestrians

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Guo ◽  
Guangyi Cao ◽  
Jieru Zeng ◽  
Jinsong Cui ◽  
Rong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Traditional Service ◽  
New Type ◽  
New System

Perceiving the location of dangerous moving vehicles and broadcasting this information to vehicles nearby are essential to achieve active safety in the Internet of Vehicles (IOV). To address this issue, we implement a real-time high-precision lane-level danger region service for moving vehicles. A traditional service depends on static geofencing and fails to deal with dynamic vehicles. To overcome this defect, we devised a new type of IOV service that manages to track dangerous moving vehicles in real time and recognize their danger regions quickly and accurately. Next, we designed algorithms to distinguish the vehicles in danger regions and broadcast the information to these vehicles. Our system can simultaneously manipulate a mass of danger regions for various dangerous vehicles and broadcast this information to surrounding vehicles at a large scale. This new system was tested in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and other cities; the data analysis is presented in this paper as well.

Operation Skill Acquisition and Fuzzy-Rule Extraction for Drone Control Based on Visual Information Using Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-395
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Maeda ◽  
Kotaro Sano ◽  
Eric W. Cooper ◽  
Katsuari Kamei ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Drone Control

In recent years, much research on the unmanned control of a moving vehicle has been conducted, and various robots and motor vehicles moving automatically are being used. However, the more complicated the environment is, the more difficult it is for the autonomous vehicles to move automatically. Even in such a challenging environment, however, an expert with the necessary operation skill can sometimes perform the appropriate control of the moving vehicle. In this research, a method for learning a human’s operation skill using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and setting visual information for input is proposed for learning more complicated environmental information. A CNN is a kind of deep-learning network, and it exhibits high performance in the field of image recognition. In this experiment, the operation knowledge was also visualized using a fuzzy neural network with obtained input-output maps to create fuzzy rules. To verify the effectiveness of this method, an experiment involving operation skill acquisition by some subjects using a drone control simulator was conducted.

scholarly journals Moving Load Identification with Long Gauge Fiber Optic Strain Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-158
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhang ◽  
Wenju Zhao ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Moving Load ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Maximum Strain ◽  
Load Identification ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Vehicle Loads ◽  
Moving Load Identification

Moving load identification has been researched with regard to the analysis of structural responses, taking into consideration that the structural responses would be affected by the axle parameters, which in its turn would complicate obtaining the values of moving vehicle loads. In this research, a method that identifies the loads of moving vehicles using the modified maximum strain value considering the long-gauge fiber optic strain responses is proposed. The method is based on the assumption that the modified maximum strain value caused only by the axle loads may be easily used to identify the load of moving vehicles by eliminating the influence of these axle parameters from the peak value, which is not limited to a specific type of bridges and can be applied in conditions, where there are multiple moving vehicles on the bridge. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the gross vehicle weights (GVWs) and axle weights are estimated with high accuracy under complex vehicle loads. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through field testing of a continuous girder bridge. The identified axle weights and gross vehicle weights are comparable with the static measurements obtained by the static weighing.

scholarly journals Effects of different behavioral information in the intrinsic dynamics of visual information and body sway

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Alaercio Perotti Júnior ◽  
José Angelo Barela ◽  
Paula Fávaro Polastri ◽  
Go Tani
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Behavioral Information

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of information and instruction on the intrinsic dynamics of postural control functioning in children. Ten children and 10 young adults stood upright inside of a moving room that remained stationary or was discretely moved. Fourteen trials were collected, with the first and the last one without any movement of the room. In the others, the room was moved and the participants were correct or wrongly informed about its movement. The participants were also instructed to not move, move together, or move in an opposite direction of the room. Body sway due to the movement of the room and time to reversal were used to examine the visual manipulation influence. Cross-correlation coefficients and time lags between the room'ss movement and body sway were calculated. The results revealed that visual manipulation induced body sway in both children and adults. Information about the room's movement and instruction to perform an action decreased the effect of visual manipulation on body sway, with instruction to perform an action being more efficient than information about the room's movement. Children use information and instruction to alter visual manipulation influence, however, not as well as adults do.

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