Coupling Effects and Performance in Viligance Tasks

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy L. Hatfield ◽  
David R. Soderquist
Keyword(s):  
False Alarms ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Sense Mode ◽  
Coupling Condition ◽  
Task Order ◽  
Observing Responses ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Measures Of Performance

The performance of 32 subjects on 90-min. auditory and visual vigilance tasks were measured in conventional and theory of signal detection indices as a function of “coupling,” sense mode, and time on task. Order effects, correlations between sense modes, and possible effects of observing responses were also examined. Regardless of the coupling condition or sense mode involved, β increased while hits and false alarms decreased as time on task increased. There was no significant decline in d' over time on task for either sense mode or coupling conditions. In general, conventional measures of performance were similar for the auditory and visual tasks. Significant cross-modality correlations were obtained for false alarms, latency, and β values. No order effects were observed. The results are discussed in terms of expectancy theory and an observing response model.

Potential Task Order Effects in Computer Test Batteries (Summary)

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Czarnolewski ◽  
John Eliot ◽  
Jennifer Rinehart
Keyword(s):  
Order Effects ◽  
Task Order

The Relation between Angle of Display and Performance in a Prolonged Visual Task

1950 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Display Surface ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
And Performance

An experiment is described to test the relation between angle of display and performance in prolonged visual tasks, using the Clock Test in three positions of display surface, vertical, at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal, and horizontal. In every case the line of regard was kept at right-angles to the display surface. The results indicate that significantly fewer stimuli are missed in the vertical position of the display surface than in the other two. The deterioration observed in the second half-hour of the original Clock Test experiments was not found in the present experiment, and two possible reasons for this are discussed briefly.

scholarly journals STABILITY AND INSTABILITY OF AN OUTDOOR ILLUMINATION INSTALLATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Fröhner ◽  
Ze Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

Stability and instability are very important for the layout of real world processes concerning safety and health esp. when planned by scientists. The long‐term investigation of stability was carried out for the last ten years on the basis of the installation and the evaluation of an ergonomically designed outdoor illumination. In the depicted dynamic situation the lighting design influences directly visual discomfort and human performance and in the end stability and instability. The improvement of the adaptation of luminance and its influence on the visual tasks after the rearrangement are presented and discussed. The effective factors on the visual capability and performance of workers, work efficiency and potential accidents in the night shift, and furthermore the accelerators and barriers for the stability of the project are analysed and discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Time-on-Task, Behavior Experiences, and Performance in Two Online Courses with Different Authentic Learning Tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Authentic Discussion ◽  
Interactions With Peers

<p class="3">This paper reports the findings of a comparative analysis of online learner behavioral interactions, time-on-task, attendance, and performance at different points throughout a semester (beginning, during, and end) based on two online courses: one course offering authentic discussion-based learning activities and the other course offering authentic design/development-based learning activities. Web log data were collected to determine the number of learner behavioral interactions with the Moodle learning management system (LMS), the number of behavioral interactions with peers, the time-on-task for weekly tasks, and the recorded attendance. Student performance on weekly tasks was also collected from the course data. Behavioral interactions with the Moodle LMS included resource viewing activities and uploading/downloading file activities. Behavioral interactions with peers included discussion postings, discussion responses, and discussion viewing activities. A series of Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to compare the two types of behavioral interactions between the two courses. Additionally, each student's behavioral interactions were visually presented to show the pattern of their interactions. The results indicated that, at the beginning of the semester, students who were involved in authentic design/development-based learning activities showed a significantly higher number of behavioral interactions with the Moodle LMS than did students involved in authentic discussion-based learning activities. However, in the middle of the semester, students engaged in authentic discussion-based learning activities showed a significantly higher number of behavioral interactions with peers than did students involved in authentic design/development-based learning activities. Additionally, students who were given authentic design/development-based learning activities received higher performance scores both during the semester and at the end of the semester and they showed overall higher performance scores than students who were given authentic discussion-based learning activities. No differences were found between the two groups with respect to time-on-task or attendance.</p>

scholarly journals An efficient software verification using multi-layered software verification tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.21) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
S V. Gayetri Devi ◽  
C Nalini ◽  
N Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Software Verification ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Concurrent Software ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Shared Objects ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
And Performance

Rapid advancements in Software Verification and Validation have been critical in the wide development of tools and techniques to identify potential Concurrent bugs and hence verify the software correctness. A concurrent program has multiple processes and shared objects. Each process is a sequential program and they use the shared objects for communication for completion of a task. The primary objective of this survey is retrospective review of different tools and methods used for the verification of real-time concurrent software. This paper describes the proposed tool ‘F-JAVA’ for multithreaded Java codebases in contrast with existing ‘FRAMA-C’ platform, which is dedicated to real-time concurrent C software analysis. The proposed system is comprised of three layers, namely Programming rules generation stage, Verification stage with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and Performance measurement stage. It aims to address some of the challenges in the verification process such as larger programs, long execution times, and false alarms or bugs, and platform independent code verification  

Performance in Vigilance Tasks is Related to Both State and Contextual Motivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1145-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Dewar ◽  
Nicholas W. Fraulini ◽  
Victoria L. Claypoole ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
State Motivation

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention to stimuli over a prolonged period of time. Synonymous with the study of sustained attention is the vigilance decrement, which is a decline in performance as a function of time on task. In the present study, we examined the effects of state motivation (i.e., motivation measured immediately prior to the task) and context-based motivation (i.e., motivation that stems from task instructions) on vigilance performance in a sensory-based vigilance task. Forty-three participants completed a 24-minute vigilance task, as well as measures of stress and workload. The results indicated that those higher in state intrinsic motivation and motivating instructions outperformed their peers in terms of hits and false alarms. We conclude that motivation may help facilitate vigilant attention.

Effects on Sustained Performance of 48 Hours of Continuous Work and Sleep Loss

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben B. Morgan ◽  
Bill R. Brown ◽  
Earl A. Alluisi
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Sustained Performance ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Synthetic Work ◽  
Work Technique ◽  
Measures Of Performance

The work efficiency of 10 subjects during a 48-hr period of continuous work and sleep loss was assessed using the synthetic-work technique. Performance during the period of stress was found to be significantly influenced by the circadian rhythm. Decrements first occurred after approximately 18 hr of continuous work, and performance decreased to an average of 82% of baseline during the early morning hours of the first night. Performance improved to about 90% of baseline during the daytime of the second day but decreased to approximately 67% during that night. All measures of performance recovered to baseline levels following a 24-hr period of rest and recovery.

The Impact of Automation Reliability and Operator Fatigue on Performance and Reliance

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Wohleber ◽  
Gloria L. Calhoun ◽  
Gregory J. Funke ◽  
Heath Ruff ◽  
C.-Y. Peter Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Operator Fatigue ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Automated Decision Making ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multi Uav

Reliability of automation is known to influence operator reliance on automation. What is less understood is how the influence of reliability and the effects of operator fatigue might interact. The present study investigated the impact of automation reliability on accuracy and reliance and how this impact changes with level of fatigue during simulated multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operation. Participants ( N = 131) completed a two-hour simulated multi-UAV mission assisted by an automated decision making aid of either high or low reliability. A decrease in subjective task engagement and performance over time marked the induction of passive fatigue by the mission. Participants were more trusting in the high reliability condition than in the low reliability condition. Finally, reliance decreased with time at any reliability, but a significant interaction between reliability and time on task indicated that the decrease was of smaller magnitude when the automation was reliable.

scholarly journals Personality, cognition and behavior in chimpanzees: a new approach based on Eysenck’s model

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9707
Author(s):  
Maria Padrell ◽  
David Riba ◽  
Yulán Úbeda ◽  
Federica Amici ◽  
Miquel Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Personality Ratings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Personality has been linked to individual variation in interest and performance in cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, this relationship is still poorly understood and has rarely been considered in animal cognition research. Here, we investigated the association between personality and interest, motivation and task performance in 13 sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed at Fundació Mona (Spain). Personality was assessed with a 12-item questionnaire based on Eysenck’s Psychoticism-Extraversion-Neuroticism model completed by familiar keepers and researchers. Additionally, personality ratings were compared to behavioral observations conducted over an 11-year period. Experimental tasks consisted in several puzzle boxes that needed to be manipulated in order to obtain a food reward. Dependent variables included participation (as an indicator of interest), success and latency (as measures of performance), and losing contact with the task (as an indicator of motivation). As predicted, we obtained significant correlations between Eysenck’s personality traits and observed behaviors, although some expected associations were absent. We then analyzed data using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, running a model for each dependent variable. In both sexes, lower Extraversion and lower Dominance were linked to a higher probability of success, but this effect was stronger in females. Furthermore, higher Neuropsychoticism predicted higher probability of success in females, but not in males. The probability of losing contact with the task was higher in young chimpanzees, and in those rated lower on Extraversion and higher on Dominance. Additionally, chimpanzees rated higher on Neuropsychoticism were also more likely to stop interacting with the task, but again this was more evident in females. Participation and latency were not linked to any personality trait. Our findings show that the PEN may be a good model to describe chimpanzee personality, and stress the importance of considering personality when interpreting the results of cognitive research in non-human primates.

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