Premarital Childbearing and Welfare Receipt: The Role of Mothers' Receipt

ILR Review ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Welfare Recipient ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Welfare Receipt ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Intergenerational Welfare ◽  
Satisfactory Answer ◽  
Premarital Childbearing

This study uses the 1968–91 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine the relationship between mothers' receipt of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) welfare benefits and their daughters' premarital childbearing and welfare receipt. The results for black females suggest that black daughters from welfare-recipient households were more likely to become adult welfare recipients than were black daughters from non-welfare-recipient households, but that there was only a weak relationship between mothers' welfare receipt and daughters' premarital childbearing. These results suggest that premarital childbearing was not an important variable mediating intergenerational transmission of welfare use in black families. Other results call into question previous findings using PSID data that suggest the existence of intergenerational welfare transmission among non-blacks. Specifically, it appears that the sample of non-black daughters in the PSID is insufficient to provide a satisfactory answer to the question of welfare transmission for that group.

Job search of men and women on long-term social welfare

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 224-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Schels ◽  
Arne Bethmann
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Welfare Receipt ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the job search probability in welfare receipt over time for men and women in different household constellations, because it is a major concern in welfare states that long-term receipt is driven by recipients’ low job search activity. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses the likelihood to search for a job for a sample of unemployed recipients of means-tested welfare benefits in Germany. Data basis is the panel study “Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS), and growth curve models are applied in this study. Findings Job search probability differs by household constellation and gender directly after the onset of welfare receipt; differences are less distinct for changes in job search probability over time. Only welfare recipients without children show a pronounced decline in search probability. Practical implications There is no evidence that welfare recipients’ overall cease to search for a job by and by. Financial incentives alone cannot stimulate the job search of welfare recipients, when the diverse motives of male and female recipients in various household constellations are not considered as well. Originality/value This paper is the first to study the long-term development in the job search probability and gender differences by household constellations.

The impact of mutual obligation for sole parents

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Welfare Recipient ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Mutual Obligation ◽  
The Impact

Mutual obligation is located within a neoliberal socio-political framework of policies designed to structure an ordered and ‘disciplined society’ emphasising strong work-ethics and self-reliance. This article presents findings of three qualitative studies into welfare-recipient experiences under interventions allied to mutual obligation. The studies were of 14 (2000), 32 (2007) and 15 (2014–15) sole mothers in receipt of Centrelink payments. Participants voiced concerns over interventions targeting individuals predominantly already contributing in essential roles, fear of misdirected coercive punishments, increased stigmatisation, a lower real standard of living and unimproved prospects for suitable employment. The article explores past and present rhetoric and implementations of mutual obligation policies, and their impacts for people receiving welfare benefits. Ongoing critical analysis of such interventionist policies is essential to ensuring that the ostensible goals of addressing poverty and disadvantage are achievable and without excessive unforeseen consequences to society. Are they in the interests of social justice and stability?

scholarly journals Governing the Poor: Evidence from New Zealand’s Tax and Welfare Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Marriott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Welfare Receipt ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Welfare Systems

This study examines six situations in New Zealand where individuals receiving welfare benefits receive more punitive treatment than other citizens. Comparison to tax evaders, tax debtors and taxpayers in general is made throughout the article to highlight the disparities that result from regulatory processes that govern the poor. A neoliberal paternalist perspective is used to highlight the discriminatory treatment of those who are least privileged in society. This framework provides visibility to recently introduced market logics, use of surveillance, increased obligations associated with welfare receipt and increased use of the penal system to punish those who offend against the welfare system. The study reinforces the punitive outcomes that arise from modern-day governance of the poor.

The effect of welfare reform on the health of the unemployed: evidence from a natural experiment in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Faraz V Shahidi ◽  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
Ketan Shankardass ◽  
Carlos Quiñonez ◽  
Arjumand Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Hartz Iv ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Linear Probability ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundOver the past several decades, governments have enacted far-reaching reforms aimed at reducing the generosity and coverage of welfare benefits. Prior literature suggests that these policy measures may have deleterious effects on the health of populations. In this study, we evaluate the impact of one of the largest welfare reforms in recent history—the 2005 Hartz IV reform in Germany—with a focus on estimating its effect on the health of the unemployed.MethodsWe employed a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences (DID) design using population-based data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, covering the period between 1994 and 2016. We applied DID linear probability modelling to examine the association between the Hartz IV reform and poor self-rated health, adjusting for a range of demographic and socioeconomic confounders.ResultsThe Hartz IV reform was associated with a 3.6 (95% CI 0.9 to 6.2) percentage point increase in the prevalence of poor self-rated health among unemployed persons affected by the reform relative to similar but unaffected controls. This negative association appeared immediately following the implementation of the reform and has persisted over time.ConclusionGovernments in numerous European and North American jurisdictions have introduced measures to further diminish the generosity and coverage of welfare benefits. In line with growing concerns over the potential consequences of austerity and associated policy measures, our findings suggest that these reform efforts pose a threat to the health of socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

Social Class and Behavior: Simultaneous Class Positions Yield Different Amounts of Income

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
James Stormes
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Welfare Recipient ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
General Populations ◽  
And Behavior

We used data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to present preliminary findings on the social class behavior of the poor and general populations in the USA. Analysis supported the notion that individuals are engaged simultaneously in multiple class positions, e.g., self-employed and welfare recipient, that yield different amounts of income. Moreover, no single label or explanation, e.g., “underclass” or “the poor are marginal to the economy,” seems appropriate to describe the complexity of the economic behavior of poor individuals.

Sex and Grade-Level Differences in Need Achievement among Black College Students

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin L. Schroth
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Black College ◽  
Black College Students ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Grade Level Differences

The major purpose of the present study was to investigate sex differences among black college students in need for achievement ( n Ach). 60 freshmen and seniors who served as subjects were administered the TAT. A 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design was used with sex, task orientation, and grade level as the independent variables. The results showed black females to be higher on n Ach than black males and that n Ach increased with grade level. These findings were interpreted in line with a “matricentric structure of black families” hypothesis and “internal control” theory, respectively. Task-orientation conditions did not affect n Ach.

FDA Panel: Study Hepatitis B Drug in Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MECHCATIE
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Panel Study

Diagnostik von ICT Literacy: Messen Multiple-Choice-Aufgaben und simulationsbasierte Aufgaben vergleichbare Konstrukte?

Diagnostica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Martin Senkbeil ◽  
Jan Marten Ihme
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Ict Literacy ◽  
Computer And Information Literacy ◽  
Literacy Test

Zusammenfassung. ICT Literacy legt eine performanzbasierte Erfassung mit simulierten und interaktiven Testaufgaben nahe. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, ob mit Multiple-Choice (MC)-Aufgaben ein vergleichbares Konstrukt wie mit Simulationsaufgaben erfasst wird. Hierfür wurden die Testergebnisse zweier Instrumente aus aktuellen Large-Scale-Studien gegenübergestellt, die an N = 2 075 Jugendlichen erhoben wurden: der auf MC-Aufgaben basierende ICT Literacy-Test für Klasse 9 des Nationalen Bildungspanels (National Educational Panel Study, NEPS) und der simulationsbasierte Kompetenztest der internationalen Schulleistungsstudie ICILS 2013 (International Computer and Information Literacy Study). Die Analysen unterstützen die Gültigkeit der Konstruktinterpretation des MC-basierten Tests in NEPS. Im Sinne der konvergenten Evidenz korrelieren die MC-Aufgaben substanziell mit den computer- und simulationsbasierten Aufgaben in ICILS 2013 (.68 ≤  r ≤ .90). Weiterhin ergeben sich positive und für beide Tests vergleichbar hohe Korrelationen mit ICT-bezogenen Schülermerkmalen (z. B. Selbstwirksamkeit). Weiterführende Analysen zum Zusammenhang mit allgemeinen kognitiven Fähigkeiten zeigen zudem, dass ICT Literacy und kognitive Grundfähigkeiten distinkte Faktoren repräsentieren.

The Effect of Suicide-Related Internet Use on Users’ Mental Health

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Sueki
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Internet Users

Background: Previous studies have shown that suicide-related Internet use can have both negative and positive psychological effects. Aims: This study examined the effect of suicide-related Internet use on users’ suicidal ideation, depression/anxiety tendency, and loneliness. Method: A two-wave panel study of 850 Internet users was conducted via the Internet. Results: Suicide-related Internet use (e.g., browsing websites about suicide methods) had negative effects on suicidal ideation and depression/anxiety tendency. No forms of suicide-related Internet use, even those that would generally be considered positive, were found to decrease users’ suicidal ideation. In addition, our results suggest that the greater the suicidal ideation and feelings of depression and loneliness of Internet users, the more they used the Internet. Conclusion: Since suicide-related Internet use can adversely influence the mental health of young adults, it is necessary to take measures to reduce their exposure to such information.

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