The Labor Market Effects of Immigration

ILR Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper is a theoretical examination of the probable effects on the U.S. labor market of a continued high rate of illegal immigration. The author constructs a model to estimate the impact each additional immigrant has on the employment of the domestic population, on GNP, and on the distribution of income. The model suggests that in non-recessionary periods the most important effect of a high rate of immigration is on the wage rates of low-skilled labor rather than on the employment of low-skilled native workers, but immigration also increases the earnings of high-skilled workers and the owners of capital. In the very long run, the author concludes, this redistribution of income will be offset to some extent by increases in the supplies of skilled labor and capital.

The Labor Market Effects of Immigration

2019 ◽  
pp. 393-416
Author(s):  
Özlem İnanç-Tunçer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Market Relation ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the effects of immigration on the labor market of receiving countries, focusing on employment. The effect of immigration on the welfare of native population is an important issue in public debate. The common perception is, at least in the short run, because of immigration, unemployment rates would increase in the host countries, or that immigrants would depress wages of native workers. However, these perceptions do not find confirmation in the previous research on this literature. According to Jean and Jimenez (2011), the evidence is, at best, mixed. Although the magnitude of the impact depends on time and space, in general, results of the previous literature indicate that immigration has only very small or no effect on employment and wages of resident workers. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of immigration-labor market relation for different countries and time intervals with some significant policy implications with regards to state officials.

The Labor Market Effects of Immigration

2017 ◽  
pp. 388-411
Author(s):  
Özlem İnanç-Tunçer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Market Relation ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the effects of immigration on the labor market of receiving countries, focusing on employment. The effect of immigration on the welfare of native population is an important issue in public debate. The common perception is, at least in the short run, because of immigration, unemployment rates would increase in the host countries, or that immigrants would depress wages of native workers. However, these perceptions do not find confirmation in the previous research on this literature. According to Jean and Jimenez (2011), the evidence is, at best, mixed. Although the magnitude of the impact depends on time and space, in general, results of the previous literature indicate that immigration has only very small or no effect on employment and wages of resident workers. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of immigration-labor market relation for different countries and time intervals with some significant policy implications with regards to state officials.

scholarly journals International trade in services and inequalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Petit
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the international openness in tourism services trade on wage inequality between highly skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers in the tourism industry. The sample covers 10 developed countries and expands over 15 years. A cointegrated panel data model and an error correction model were used to distinguish between the short- and long-run effects. The results are compared to those of openness of business services and manufactured goods. The findings point out that tourism increases wage inequality at the expense of the least skilled workers in the long run and the short run.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS ROLE IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Snitko ◽  
Yevheniia Zavhorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The development of a modern economy, in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, is impossible without the accumulation and development of human capital, since the foundation of the transformation of the economic system in an innovative economy is human capital. In this regard, the level of development and the efficiency of using human capital are of paramount importance. This article attempts to assess the role of human capital in the fourth industrial revolution. In the future, human talent will play a much more important role in the production process than capital. However, it will also lead to a greater division of the labor market with a growing gap between low-paid and high-paid jobs, and will contribute to an increase in social tensions. Already today, there is an increase in demand for highly skilled workers, especially in high-income countries, with a decrease in demand for workers with lower skills and lower levels of education. Analysis of labor market trends suggests that the future labor market is a market where there is simultaneously a certain demand for both higher and lower skills and abilities, combined with the devastation of the middle tier. The fourth industrial revolution relies heavily on the concept of human capital and the importance of finding complementarity between human and technology. In assessing the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, the relationship between technology, economic growth and human resources was examined. The analysis was carried out in terms of three concepts of economic growth, technological change and human capital. Human capital contributes to the advancement of new technologies, which makes the concept of human capital an essential factor in technological change. The authors emphasize that the modern economy makes new demands on workers; therefore it is necessary to constantly accumulate human capital, develop it through continuous learning, which will allow the domestic economy to enter the trajectory of sustainable economic growth. The need to create conditions for a comprehensive increase in the level of human capital development is noted.

scholarly journals Determinants of Credit Risk in the Banking Sector of Ghana: A Panel Co-integration Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Appiah ◽  
Frank Bisiw
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Techniques ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The economic development of any nation hinges on the health of its financial system. In recent years, the health of the Ghanaian Banking sector has been affected severely as a result of high levels of non-performing loans (NPLs), which has been identified as a major threat to the overall profitability and survival of banks. To minimize the impact of NPLs on the financial sector, key stakeholders such as the government, bank officials and regulators are working hard in that regard. However, any policy response aimed at dealing with the high rate of non-performing loans first requires the understanding of the underlying determinants of NPLs. Against this backdrop, this paper apply panel co-integration techniques to investigate the determinants of credit risk (NPLs) in the banking sector of Ghana.  We use NPL as a proxy to measure credit risk and assess how it is influenced by macroeconomic and bank-specific factors. A balanced panel data of 16 universal banks in Ghana from 2010 to 2016 has been analyzed using Panel co-integration techniques such as Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS). Our result shows that growth in the economy, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has significant influence on the NPLs of banks in the long-run. The results further revealed that capital adequacy, profitability and liquidity of banks are significant predictors of NPLs. However, our results suggest that bank size, inflation and interest rate have statistically insignificant influence on the NPLs of Ghanaian banks. The study recommend, among others, that whereas it is important for government and policymakers to work to improve macroeconomic outcomes, banks should also improve their capital adequacy, profitability, and efficiency position as these bank-specific interventions could significantly improve credit quality and minimize NPLs.

The Rise of Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1298-1313
Author(s):  
Robert Niewiadomski ◽  
Dennis Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Strong Ai ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Our inventions defined the work we engaged in for centuries; created new industries and employment opportunities around them. They, however, had often unforeseen consequences that affected the way we lived, interacted with each other, and redefined our societal rules. The established narration portrays the impact of major technological leaps in civilization on employment as temporary disruptions: Many finds themselves without employment taken away from them by efficient, laborsaving inventions, but, in the long run, through gradual adaptations, improved education and gaining higher qualifications, everyone benefits. In this chapter, the authors explore the impact of the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in relations to the labor market. The authors argue that this rather optimistic, even naïve scenario, collapses while confronted with the exponential growth of AI; in particular, with the potential arrival of syneoids – robotic forms of “strong AI” possessing, or even exceeding, the full range of human cognitive abilities.

scholarly journals The Labor Market Effects of Refugee Waves: Reconciling Conflicting Results

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Clemens ◽  
Jennifer Hunt
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Endogenous Variable ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Compositional Change ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
The Impact

Studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the labor market effects of exogenous refugee waves such as the Mariel Boatlift in Miami. The authors show that contradictory findings on the effects of the Mariel Boatlift can be explained by a large difference in the pre- and post-Boatlift racial composition in certain very small subsamples of workers in the Current Population Survey. This compositional change is specific to Miami and unrelated to the Boatlift. They also show that conflicting findings on the labor market effects of other important refugee waves are caused by spurious correlation in some analyses between the instrument and the endogenous variable, introduced by applying a common divisor to both. As a whole, the evidence from refugee waves reinforces the existing consensus that the impact of immigration on average native-born workers is small, and it fails to substantiate claims of large detrimental effects on workers with less than a high school education.

The Impact of the Asian Financial Crisis on Foreign Workers in Taiwan

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 145-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Having experienced an economic crisis earlier, Taiwan was on its way to recovery when the crisis struck in 1997. In general, Taiwan's labor market was hardly affected by the crisis. Although the demand for foreign workers continues, there will be a decline in the employment of foreign workers in the future. The completion of construction projects and the upgrading of the economic structure would imply a lesser demand for foreign workers in the next few years. In the future, while the Taiwanese labor market would be more restrictive of less-skilled workers, it would be more open to professionals and highly skilled.

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