The Control of the Eye's Intrinsic Muscles: A Multivariable Optimum Performance Control System

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. T.129-T.132 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Toates
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Pupil Control ◽  
Performance Control ◽  
A Value ◽  
Intrinsic Muscles

The reciprocal interaction between the accommodation and pupil control systems of the human eye is examined from a theoretical point of view. The system, which is responsible for maintaining pupil diameter at a value which is a compromise between conflicting requirements, is represented by a control model, and is considered in terms of the concept of a performance index.

scholarly journals A review on control systems hardware and software for robots of various scale and purpose. Part 1. Industrial robotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Industrial Robotics

A review of robotic systems is presented. The paper analyzes applied hardware and software solutions and summarizes the most common block diagrams of control systems. The analysis of approaches to control systems scaling, the use of intelligent control, achieving fault tolerance, reducing the weight and size of control system elements belonging to various classes of robotic systems is carried out. The goal of the review is finding common approaches used in various areas of robotics to build on their basis a uniform methodology for designing scalable intelligent control systems for robots with a given level of fault tolerance on a unified component base. This part is dedicated to industrial robotics. The following conclusions are made: scaling in industrial robotics is achieved through the use of the modular control systems and unification of main components; multiple industrial robot interaction is organized using centralized global planning or the use of previously simulated control programs, eliminating possible collisions in working area; intellectual technologies in industrial robotics are used primarily at the strategic level of the control system which is usually non-real time, and in some cases even implemented as a remote cloud service; from the point of view of ensuring fault tolerance, the industrial robots developers are primarily focused on the early prediction of faults and the planned decommissioning of the robots, and are not on highly-avaliability in case of failures; industrial robotics does not impose serious requirements on the dimensions and weight of the control devices.

A Rapid Transition from Subversion to Git: Time, Space, Branching, Merging, Offline commits & Offline builds and Repository aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Aggarwal ◽  
Vinay Singh ◽  
Narendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Version Control ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Version Control System ◽  
Version Control Systems

Background: Software development is being transitioned from centralized to decentralized version control systems. This transition is driven by the limited features of centralized version control systems in terms of branching, merging, time, space, offline commits & builds, and repository aspects. Transition from Subversion, a centralized version control system, to Git, a decentralized version control system, has been focused in a limited way. Objective: In this work, the transition process from Subversion Version Control System (VCS) to Git VCS has been investigated in terms of time, space, branching, merging, and repository aspects from the software developer point of view working individually or in a large team over a large and complex software having a legacy of many decades. Experimentation was conducted in SRLC Software Research Lab, Chicago, USA. Methods: Various scripts have been developed and executed for version control using Git and performed over a few legacy software. Results: The results show that branching in Git and Subversion has a difference of about 39 times, i.e., branching operation of Git is about 39 times faster than Subversion. Merging in the case of Git is trivial and automatic, while Subversion needs a manual process of merging, which is error-prone. Using an example of Mozilla with FSFS backend, it is observed that disk space can be saved up to 30 times in Git compared to Subversion. By taking a typical example of a large-sized project, it is observed that Git requires almost half of the revisions compared to Subversion; furthermore, with FSFS backend, a project having ten years of history with 240,000 commits needs 240 directories in case of Subversion, while Git requires only 2 directories. Using offline commits and offline builds of Git, it is observed that in Git, whitespace changes, in contrast to significant business logic changes, can be staged in one commit only. These are not possible in Subversion, which requires a complicated system of diffing to temporary files. It is also observed that Git provides an offline commit facility, i.e., in case if, for some reason, the remote repository is unavailable due to disaster or network failure, then developers can still offline commit their code and execute the offline build. Conclusion: However, no previous study was found that focused on how the choice actually affects software developers and this formed the motivation for the present work. In this work, a list of how the choice between Git and Subversion affects software developers is worked out. Although software developers in many aspects are unaffected by the choice, few interesting findings were achieved. One of the most interesting findings of the proposed work is that software developers seem to publish their code to the main repository more often in Git than in Subversion. It is also found that the majority of the software developers perform at least two commits per push, which means that Git repositories will contain a lot more saved points in history than Subversion repositories.

Quantum speed problem: Theoretical hints for control

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650014
Author(s):  
Alexandre Coutinho Lisboa ◽  
José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Quantum Control ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
And Performance

The transition time between states plays an important role in designing quantum devices as they are very sensitive to environmental influences. Decoherence phenomenon is responsible for possible destructions of the entanglement that is a fundamental requirement to implement quantum information processing systems. If the time between states is minimized, the decoherence effects can be reduced, thus, it is advantageous to the designer to develop expressions for time performance measures. Quantum speed limit (QSL) problem has been studied from the theoretical point of view, providing general results. Considering the implementation of quantum control systems, as the decoherence phenomenon is unavoidable, it is important to apply these general results to particular cases, developing expressions and performance measures, to assist control engineering designers. Here, a minimum time performance measure is defined for quantum control problems, for time-independent or time-dependent Hamiltonians, and applied to some practical examples, providing hints that may be useful for researchers pursuing optimization strategies for quantum control systems.

scholarly journals Properties of nematic LC planar and smoothly-irregular waveguide structures: research in the experiment and using computer modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-982
Author(s):  
A.A. Egorov ◽  
L.A. Sevastyanov ◽  
V.D. Shigorin ◽  
A.S. Ayriyan ◽  
E.A. Ayriyan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Irregular Waveguide ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Lc Sensors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Researches

Nematic liquid crystal planar and smoothly-irregular waveguide structures were studied experimentally and by the computer modeling. Two types of optical smoothly-irregular waveguide structures promising for application in telecommunications and control systems are studied by numerical simulation: liquid crystal waveguides and thin film solid generalized waveguide Luneburg lens. Study of the behavior of these waveguide structures where liquid crystal layer can be used to control the properties of the entire device, of course, promising, especially since such devices are also able to perform various sensory functions when changing some external parameters, accompanied by a change in a number of their properties. It can be of interest to researchers not only in the field of the integrated optics but also in some others areas: nano-photonics, optofluidics, telecommunications, and control systems. The dependences of the attenuation coefficient (optical losses) of waveguide modes and the effective sizes (correlation radii) of quasi-stationary irregularities of the liquid-crystal layers on the linear laser radiation polarization and on the presence of pulse-periodic electric field were experimentally observed. An estimate was made of the correlation radii of liquid-crystal waveguide quasi-stationary irregularities. The obtained results are undoubtedly important for further research of waveguide liquid crystal layers, both from the theoretical point of view, and practical – in the organization and carrying out new experimental researches, for example, when developing promising integrated-optical LC sensors.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of Networked Control Systems with Multi-Packet Dropout based on Switched System Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Networked Control Systems ◽  
Lyapunov Stability Theory ◽  
Networked Control System ◽  
Switched System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Networked Control ◽  
Packet Dropout

Networked control system models with packet dropout in multi-packet transmission were established under hypothetical conditions in this paper, and the system was seen as a switched system. The causes of packet dropout in networked control system are analyzed in view of single-packet transmission and multi-packet transmission respectively. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the property of the networked control system with multi-packet dropout was analyzed from the point of view of an asynchronous dynamic system. The method which determined the multi-packet dropout boundary to keep the system steady was given. The simulation results show the influences of multi-packet dropout on the system performance and prove the validity of the analytical method proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH BERBASIS AKRUAL, SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN DAN KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH (STUDI KASUS INSPEKTORAT KABUPATEN BENGKULU TENGAH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Novita Fitriyani ◽  
Helmi Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
A Value ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Government Institution

This study aims to determine how much influence the Accrual Based Accounting, Internal Control Systems and Financial Statement Quality on the Accountability of Government Institution Performance, at the Central Bengkulu District Inspectorate.Based on the results and hypothesis testing that has been described, accrual-based accounting has a significant effect with the value of 0.714 on the accountability of government performance in the Central Bengkulu District Inspectorate. This shows that in the first hypothesis Accrual Based Accounting the hypothesis is accepted. The internal control system has a significant effect with a value of 0.801 on the accountability of government performance in the Central Bengkulu District Inspectorate. This shows that in the second hypothesis, the internal control system is accepted. The quality of financial statements has a significant effect with a value of 0.774 on the accountability of government performance in the Central Bengkulu Inspectorate, this shows in the third hypothesis The quality of the financial statements is accepted. So that it can be concluded that Accrual Based Accounting, Internal Control System and Quality of Financial Statements have a significant effect on the accountability of the performance of government agencies in the Central Bengkulu Inspectorate, with a value of 82% and the rest is influenced by other factors outside the X variable in this study.

scholarly journals General considerations on the theory of the separation of H 1 and H 2 by electrolysis of water

1934 ◽  
Vol 144 (852) ◽  
pp. 452-466 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
High Current ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Effective Separation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Densities

1. The Facts .―In a solution of NaOH (or KOH) with nickel (perhaps with other) electrodes and at high current densities of the order of 1 ampere per cm. 2 of electrode the observed rates of evolution E 1 and E 2 of H 1 and H 2 at the cathode obey an equation of the type E 1 /E 2 = q D 1 /D 2 , (1) where D 1 and D 2 are the relative concentraction of the H 1 and H 2 atoms in the water as a whole. The coefficient q has been shown to be independent of D 1 /D 2 over a very wide range of relative concentrations. Under the conditions most favourable to separation, which appear to be those just specified, q can have a value as great as 6, or perhaps 7. With other metals than nickel for the electrodes and with lower current densities the factor q may fall to a value well below 2 or even to a value so nearly unity that no effective separation occurs. The dependence of q (if any) on the temperature of the solution is not known. 1.1. The Arguments .―The facts have already been commented on by Polanyi from the theoretical point of view. He has been led to conclude from them that the separation is to be attributed to a difference of " over potential" for the deposition of H 1 and H 2 ions on the cathode, and consequently that Gurney's theory of the over-potential of the hydrogen-electrode at low current densities (as measured, for example, by Bowden) must be discarded. These conclusions if correct and unavoidable are of the greatest importance. It is most general way possible, in order to see that no types of mechanism have been overlooked which could lead to the observed results. When this is done it is found that the mechanism discussed by Polanyi which refers the separation to differences of over-potential is not the only mechanism which must be held possible a priori . The observed separation could perfectly well occur by a mechanism consistent with Gurney's theory. It does not yet appear to be possible to decide confidently between the two possibilities on experimental grounds.

scholarly journals WIRELESS-BASED TECHNOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZING OF OPERATION OF THE AVIATION ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM

Aviation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Serhii Tovkach
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Adaptive Wavelet ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Engine Control System

An approach for improving of efficiency the operation of distributed control system of aviation engine based on wireless technology with high productivity and resolution of wave distributed surface has been presented. It can be applied for development of new principles of correct location the nodes, including the data processing equipment, the intellectual sensors, actuators, repeaters, central units in adaptive control strategies of aviation engine. The optimization method for processing information, using adaptive wavelet filters, as an optimal filter, that minimizes the average square of a common error for organizing the connection between wireless elements in the control systems of aviation gas turbine engine, has been considered, on the theoretical point of view. Also, the wavelets applications in the Wireless Distributed Automatic Control System (WDACS) for aviation engine, the requirements for the construction of its node, supported by the protocol stack, the scheme and the programs with a combination of connections the information exchange between elements have been considered, from the practical point of view.

Timber Auctions in the Context of the Modern Auction Theory

2007 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
A. Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Auction Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
English Auction ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation

The article provides theoretical analysis and evaluation of the timber auctions reforms in Russia. The author shows that the mechanism of the "combined auctions", which functioned until recently, is more appropriate from the theoretical point of view (and from the point of view of the Russian practice) as compared to the officially approved format of the English auction.

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