Beyond formalized plans: User involvement in support in daily living – users’ and support workers’ experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matscheck ◽  
Amanda Ljungberg ◽  
Alain Topor
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Things

Background: User involvement, based on respect and carried out through dialogue, has been shown to lead to increased self-respect, self-confidence and positive identity. In Sweden, the Social Service Act requires that interventions be designed and implemented together with the individual concerned. The basic criterion for social support is prolonged severe mental illness (usually at least 6 months), with no criteria for specific diagnosis or institutional history. The most common form of social support is ‘support in daily living’, a community care intervention for people aged 18 years or older who have their own homes and living arrangements. Aim: This article aims to deepen our understanding of user involvement at the individual level in the provision of an ongoing social work intervention. What elements of user involvement can be found in users’ and support workers’ descriptions of helpful support in daily living? Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 users, who had experienced support in daily living as helpful, and 16 interviews with the users’ support workers. Results: Three major, interconnected themes emerged: Constant dialogue; Framing the flexibility, in relation to formalized intervention plans and regulations; The importance of ‘small things’, decisions concerning daily life. Conclusion: Both users and support workers described user involvement at the individual, micro-level to be an integral part of helpful support in daily living. It was possible to create a space for dialogue and co-creation in which users were involved in formulating and deciding the contents of their support at an informal level, to influence their own everyday lives. While a formal framework of rules, restrictions and plans surrounds meetings between users and professionals, a facilitating factor may be the absence of too detailed plans and regulations, leaving trust to users and professionals and their capacity to manage most of the choices they have to make.

Leadership Enactment for Information System Acceptance: an Explanation from a Sensemaking Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-106
Author(s):  
Aruna Dayanatha ◽  
J A S K Jayakody
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Is Success ◽  
Managerial Leadership ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
System Acceptance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leadership Intervention ◽  
Is Failure

Information system (IS) projects have been seen to be failing at an alarmingly high rate. The prevailing explanations of IS failure have had only a limited success. Thus, the time may be right to look at the reasons for IS failure through an alternative perspective. This paper proposes that IS success should be explained in terms of managerial leadership intervention, from the sensemaking perspective. Managers are responsible for workplace outcomes; thus, it may be appropriate to explain their role in IS success as well. The sensemaking perspective can explain IS success through holistic user involvement, a concept which critiques of existing explanations have stated to be a requirement for explaining IS failure. This paper proposes a framework combining the theory of enactment and leadership enactment to theorize managerial leadership intervention for “IS success.” The proposed explanation postulates that the managerial leader’s envisioning of the future transaction set influences the liberation of the follower and cast enactment, while liberating followers and cast enactment constitute manager sensegiving. The managerial leader’s sense-giving influences follower sensemaking. Follower sensemaking, under the influence of managerial sensegiving, will lead to followers’ IS acceptance, and that constitutes IS success at the individual level. Further, collective level IS acceptance constitutes IS adaption/success, and this will influence the leader’s sensegiving, for the next round of sensemaking.

Indirect aggression, anxiety, and empathy: Disaggregating between and within person longitudinal associations during childhood and adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ann H. Farrell ◽  
Tracy Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Although indirectly aggressive behavior and anxiety symptoms can co-occur, it is unclear whether anxiety is an antecedent or outcome of indirect aggression at the individual level and whether other personality traits can contribute to these longitudinal associations. Therefore, the between- and within-person associations among indirect aggression, anxiety symptoms, and empathic concern were examined across adolescence from ages 11 to 16 in a cohort of individuals followed annually (N = 700; 52.9% girls; 76.0% White) controlling for direct aggression and demographic variables. Results of autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals supported an acting out model at the within-person level. Specifically, anxiety symptoms positively predicted indirect aggression and indirect aggression negatively predicted empathic concern at each adjacent time point. These findings suggest that methods of reducing worries about the self and increasing healthy self-confidence could prevent indirect aggression and help build concern and compassion toward others.

scholarly journals The transformative service paradox: the dilemma of wellbeing trade-offs

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-663
Author(s):  
Rebekah Russell–Bennett ◽  
Rory Mulcahy ◽  
Kate Letheren ◽  
Ryan McAndrew ◽  
Uwe Dulleck
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Implication

PurposeA transformative service aims to improve wellbeing; however, current approaches have an implicit assumption that all wellbeing dimensions are equal and more dimensions led to higher wellbeing. The purpose of this paper is to present evidence for a new framework that identifies the paradox of competing wellbeing dimensions for both the individual and others in society – the transformative service paradox (TSP).Design/methodology/approachData is drawn from a mixed-method approach using qualitative (interviews) and quantitative data (lab experiment) in an electricity service context. The first study involves 45 household interviews (n = 118) and deals with the nature of trade-offs at the individual level to establish the concept of the TSP. The second study uses a behavioral economics laboratory experiment (n = 110) to test the self vs. other nature of the trade-off in day-to-day use of electricity.FindingsThe interviews and experiment identified that temporal (now vs. future) and beneficiary-level factors explain why individuals make wellbeing trade-offs for the transformative service of electricity. The laboratory experiment showed that when the future implication of the trade-off is made salient, consumers are more willing to forego physical wellbeing for environmental wellbeing, whereas when the “now” implication is more salient consumers forego financial wellbeing for physical wellbeing.Originality/valueThis research introduces the term “Transformative Service Paradox” and identifies two factors that explain why consumers make wellbeing trade-offs at the individual level and at the societal level; temporal (now vs. future) and wellbeing beneficiary.

scholarly journals Facilitating User Involvement in Activation Programmes: When Carers and Clerks Meet Pawns and Queens

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE BRITT DJUVE ◽  
HANNE C. KAVLI
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
User Influence ◽  
The Individual

AbstractUser involvement has become an explicit goal within social service provision. Even so, the term remains ambiguous, and its implementation troublesome. Implementation theory lists a number of factors influencing bureaucratic behaviour; in this paper we investigate the ‘human factor’. Our ambition is to provide a framework for analysis of user influence in activation programmes that includes the individual characteristics of both service users and service providers. Building on theoretical insights from the literature on activation and agency, we develop a framework that distinguishes between two ideal types of service users: Pawns and Queens, and two types of service providers: care-oriented Carers and rule-oriented Clerks. This framework is then applied to identify key challenges for the interaction between users and caseworkers in two challenging situations: when service users express little or no agency and when they express agency that is incompatible with the overall goals of the programme. We find that Carers show pronounced reluctance to overrule the choices made by service users even when they have conflicting views – and tend to postpone decisions when they interact with Pawns. Clerks tend to overrule the decisions of Queens when they have conflicting views, and to make decisions on behalf of Pawns. The analysis draws on data collected from 126 qualitative interviews with service providers and participants in the Norwegian Introductory Programme for immigrants and a survey of 320 caseworkers.

Routine clinical outcome measures for patients with severe mental illness: CANSAS and HoNOS

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Slade ◽  
Andrew Beck ◽  
Jonathan Bindman ◽  
Graham Thornicroft ◽  
Steve Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Case Load ◽  
Camberwell Assessment Of Need ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Assessment Of Need

BackgroundTwo recently developed measures intended for clinical use are HoNOS (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales), measuring social functioning, and CANSAS (Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule), for measuring need.AimsWe investigated the association between CANSAS and HoNOS.ResultsFor some domains there were substantial associations, with high HoNOS rating correlated with CANSAS rating of the presence of a need. For other areas the agreement was less than might be expected. Seven factors were identified within the 22 CANSAS domains, and the presence of needs in the Drug/alcohol and Activities of daily living factors was associated with high scores in the related HoNOS domains.ConclusionsCANSAS and HoNOS assessments differ. HoNOS can track changes in social functioning over time, but may be less useful for treatment planning, and should not be used to infer the level of morbidity in a case-load. CANSAS indicates when treatment should be commenced or continued. It can also be used as a case-load measure, but may be insufficiently sensitive to be used as an outcome measure at the individual level.

scholarly journals Collective ritual and social support networks in rural South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1879) ◽  
pp. 20180023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor A. Power
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Temple

The scholarship on religion has long argued that collective worship helps foster social cohesion. Despite the pervasiveness of this contention, rigorous quantitative evaluations of it have been surprisingly limited. Here, I draw on network data representing the ties of social support among Hindu residents of a South Indian village to evaluate the association between collective religious ritual and social cohesion. I find that those who partake in collective religious rituals together have a higher probability of having a supportive relationship than those who do not. At the structural level, this corresponds to denser connections among co-participants. At the individual level, participants are more embedded in the local community of co-religionists, but are not disassociating themselves from members of other religious denominations. These patterns hold most strongly for co-participation in the recurrent, low-arousal monthly worships at the temple, and are suggestive for co-participation in the intense and dysphoric ritual acts carried out as part of an annual festival. Together, these findings provide clear empirical evidence of the lasting relationship between collective religious ritual and social cohesion.

scholarly journals Inner Peace and Global Harmony: Individual Wellbeing and Global Solutions in the Art of Living

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-889
Author(s):  
Stephen Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Individual

his paper explores the discourse in the Art of Living (AOL), a Hindu derived transnational meditation movement, which suggests that solutions to global problems are best addressed at the individual level. Ethnographic fieldwork, qualitative interviews and an analysis of published material suggest that the primary concern of the AOL is the reduction of stress and anxiety for the individual practitioner. This reduction of stress not only means that the individual practitioner develops ‘inner peace’, but also contributes to global harmony. AOL is an exemplar of ‘therapeutic solutions’, which are characterized by disillusionment with established institutions and a quest for inner meaning. AOL articulates this therapeutic solution, not only in terms of narcissistic needs, but links this quest for inner meaning to wider social and global concerns.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Origins of the Gender Gap in Political Ambition

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD L. FOX ◽  
JENNIFER L. LAWLESS
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Political Ambition ◽  
Parental Encouragement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Peer Experiences ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Socializing Agents

Based on survey responses from a national random sample of nearly 4,000 high school and college students, we uncover a dramatic gender gap in political ambition. This finding serves as striking evidence that the gap is present well before women and men enter the professions from which most candidates emerge. We then use political socialization—which we gauge through a myriad of socializing agents and early life experiences—as a lens through which to explain the individual-level differences we uncover. Our analysis reveals that parental encouragement, politicized educational and peer experiences, participation in competitive activities, and a sense of self-confidence propel young people's interest in running for office. But on each of these dimensions, women, particularly once they are in college, are at a disadvantage. By identifying when and why gender differences in interest in running for office materialize, we begin to uncover the origins of the gender gap in political ambition. Taken together, our results suggest that concerns about substantive and symbolic representation will likely persist.

scholarly journals Birthweight: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Kong ◽  
◽  
Louise T. Day ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Kimberly Peven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Exit Interview ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Accurate birthweight is critical to inform clinical care at the individual level and tracking progress towards national/global targets at the population level. Low birthweight (LBW) < 2500 g affects over 20.5 million newborns annually. However, data are lacking and may be affected by heaping. This paper evaluates birthweight measurement within the Every Newborn Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study. Methods The EN-BIRTH study took place in five hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania (2017–2018). Clinical observers collected time-stamped data (gold standard) for weighing at birth. We compared accuracy for two data sources: routine hospital registers and women’s report at exit interview survey. We calculated absolute differences and individual-level validation metrics. We analysed birthweight coverage and quality gaps including timing and heaping. Qualitative data explored barriers and enablers for routine register data recording. Results Among 23,471 observed births, 98.8% were weighed. Exit interview survey-reported weighing coverage was 94.3% (90.2–97.3%), sensitivity 95.0% (91.3–97.8%). Register-reported coverage was 96.6% (93.2–98.9%), sensitivity 97.1% (94.3–99%). Routine registers were complete (> 98% for four hospitals) and legible > 99.9%. Weighing of stillbirths varied by hospital, ranging from 12.5–89.0%. Observed LBW rate was 15.6%; survey-reported rate 14.3% (8.9–20.9%), sensitivity 82.9% (75.1–89.4%), specificity 96.1% (93.5–98.5%); register-recorded rate 14.9%, sensitivity 90.8% (85.9–94.8%), specificity 98.5% (98–99.0%). In surveys, “don’t know” responses for birthweight measured were 4.7%, and 2.9% for knowing the actual weight. 95.9% of observed babies were weighed within 1 h of birth, only 14.7% with a digital scale. Weight heaping indices were around two-fold lower using digital scales compared to analogue. Observed heaping was almost 5% higher for births during the night than day. Survey-report further increased observed birthweight heaping, especially for LBW babies. Enablers to register birthweight measurement in qualitative interviews included digital scale availability and adequate staffing. Conclusions Hospital registers captured birthweight and LBW prevalence more accurately than women’s survey report. Even in large hospitals, digital scales were not always available and stillborn babies not always weighed. Birthweight data are being captured in hospitals and investment is required to further improve data quality, researching of data flow in routine systems and use of data at every level.

scholarly journals Learning or leaving? An international qualitative study of factors affecting the resilience of female family doctors

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Shiner ◽  
Jessica Watson ◽  
Noemi Doohan ◽  
Amanda Howe
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
External Support ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Individual

​BackgroundMany countries have insufficient numbers of family doctors, and more females than males leave the workforce at a younger age or have difficulty sustaining careers. Understanding the differing attitudes, pressures, and perceptions between genders toward their medical occupation is important to minimise workforce attrition.​AimTo explore factors influencing the resilience of female family doctors during lifecycle transitions.​Design & settingInternational qualitative study with female family doctors from all world regions.​MethodTwenty semi-structured online Skype interviews, followed by three focus groups to develop recommendations. Data were transcribed and analysed using applied framework analysis.​ResultsInterview participants described a complex interface between competing demands, expectations of their gender, and internalised expectations of themselves. Systemic barriers, such as lack of flexible working, excessive workload, and the cumulative impacts of unrealistic expectations impaired the ability to fully contribute in the workplace. At the individual level, resilience related to: the ability to make choices; previous experiences that had encouraged self-confidence; effective engagement to obtain support; and the ability to handle negative experiences. External support, such as strong personal networks, and an adaptive work setting and organisation or system maximised interviewees’ professional contributions.​ConclusionOn an international scale, female family doctors experience similar pressures from competing demands during lifecycle transitions; some of which relate to expectations of the female's ’role’ in society, particularly around the additional personal pressures of caring commitments. Such situations could be predicted, planned for, and mitigated with explicit support mechanisms and availability of workplace choices. Healthcare organisations and systems around the world should recognise this need and implement recommendations to help reduce workforce losses. These findings are likely to be of interest to all health professional staff of any gender.

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