Is Ethnonationalism Growing in Ethiopia and Will it Lead to the Dissolution of the Country? Evidence from the World Value Survey 2007–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1035
Author(s):  
John Ishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
External Support ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

In this paper, I examine whether ethnopolitical identities have grown in Ethiopia since the introduction of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s reforms in 2018, using the most recent Ethiopian survey data from the World Values Survey (wave 5, from 2007 and wave 7, from 2020). I find that although there remains a general popular commitment to a national (Ethiopian) identity, among younger people (especially males) there is a growing sense of an “ethnic” identity and a growing intolerance of other ethnic groups. Further, I find that those who express ethnonational identities are significantly more likely to engage in protest and demonstrations. In conclusion, I suggest that this may not portend well for the future of Ethiopian unity. I also suggest that whether this happens also depends on the institutional transformation of the Prosperity Party (the successor the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)) and the level of external support the regime receives from its foreign benefactors.

Values and Corruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kravtsova ◽  
Aleksey Oshchepkov ◽  
Christian Welzel
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Using World Values Survey data from several dozen countries around the world, this article analyzes the relationship between postmaterialist values and bribery (dis)approval in a multilevel framework. We find that people, who place stronger emphasis on postmaterialist values, tend to justify bribery more. However, the “ecological” effect of postmaterialism operates in the exactly opposite direction: A higher prevalence of postmaterialist values induces more bribery disapproval, and especially among postmaterialists themselves. In our view, this happens because the large number of people who internalized postmaterialist values generate positive social externalities which strengthen negative attitudes toward corruption. We outline a theoretical framework that explains why and how these externalities may emerge. Our results contribute to the literature on the sociocultural factors of corruption, provide a better understanding of the complex nature of postmaterialism, and also might be interesting in the light of ongoing discussions on whether moral attitudes are culturally universal or culturally specific.

An oasis of democracy in an authoritarian sea? Civil society, social, and institutional trust in Georgia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ishiyama ◽  
Lia Mezvrishvili ◽  
Nina Zhgenti
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The World ◽  
Civil Society Development

We examine whether the existence of civil society in Georgia has promoted social and institutional trust in the population. As much of the literature suggests, Georgia is different from its neighbors in that civil society development is more advanced. Does participation in civil society lead to more social and institutional trust? Using survey data from the Caucasus Barometer and the World Values Survey, we find that attitudes regarding social and institutional trust are more developed in Georgia than in its neighbors, and that activity in voluntary organizations is positively associated with social and institutional trust in Georgia.

'They Give us the Categories and We Fill Ourselves in' Ethnic Thinking in Singapore

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
State Support ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
The Future

AbstractThis paper will demonstrate the prevalence of 'ethnic thinking' in everyday life and the role which culture plays in defining individuals and groups in Singapore. I will argue that the Singapore state has intentionally created a national identity which rests on the idea of the assumed purity of the different ethnic groups which exist within that nation. Singpore's multi-racial policies force the heterogeneous character of the population into four 'races' and there are no officially recognised inter-ethnic individuals within the state. The official promotion of 'ethnic' culture which claims that ethnic identity and culture are somehow identical results in a culture of stereotypes which shapes everyday life - where people live and how they interact as neighbours, for example. The stereotypes are reinforced by religious festivals. While state support of ethnic differentiation has helped to prevent ethnic violence, the politicisation of ethnic identity may ironically encourage conflict in the future when ethnic and economic divisions coincide.

scholarly journals Demographic Disparities Using Ranked-Choice Voting? Ranking Difficulty, Under-Voting, and the 2020 Democratic Primary

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-305
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Coll
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Potential Benefits

Ranked choice voting (RCV) has become increasingly popular in recent years, as more jurisdictions in the US adopt the voting system for local, state, and federal elections. Though previous studies have found potential benefits of RCV, some evidence suggests ranking multiple candidates instead of choosing one most preferred candidate may be difficult, with potential demographic disparities linked to age, gender, or racial or ethnic identity. Further, these difficulties have been assumed to cause individuals to improperly fill out RCV ballots, such as ranking too many or not enough candidates. This study seeks to answer three interrelated questions: 1) Which demographic groups find it difficult to rank candidates in RCV elections? 2) Who is more likely to cast under-voted ballots (not ranking all candidates)? 3) Is there a relationship between finding RCV voting difficult and the likelihood of casting an under-voted ballot? Using unique national survey data of 2020 Democratic primary candidate preferences, the results indicate most respondents find ranking candidates easy, but older, less interested, and more ideologically conservative individuals find it more difficult. In a hypothetical ranking of primary candidates, 12% of respondents under-voted (did not rank all options). Despite their perceived increased difficulty, older individuals were less likely to under-vote their ballot. No other demographic groups consistently experienced systematic differences in ranking difficulty or under-voting across a series of model specifications. These findings support previous evidence of older voters having increased difficulty, but challenge research assuming difficulty leads to under-voting, and that racial and ethnic groups are disadvantaged by RCV.

scholarly journals Good Without God? Connecting Religiosity, Affiliation And Pro-sociality Using World Values Survey Data And Agent-based Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Gore ◽  
Phil Zuckerman ◽  
Luke W Galen ◽  
David Pollack ◽  
LeRon Shults
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

We investigate the relationships among individuals' religiosity (or secularity), affiliation with like-minded religious others, volunteerism, and trust and tolerance. Using data analysis of the World Values Survey, we pose and answer research questions about the types of individuals who are the most trusting, the most tolerant, and who volunteer the most. We show how distinguishing between different types of volunteer activities and using longitudinal data can provide more insight into these questions. We also use an established agent-based model to generate measures similar to those operationalized in the World Values Survey. We then reproduce the findings of the World Values Survey data analysis and extract the internal dynamics of simulation experiments (under a reasonable parameterization of the model) to provide an explanation for those findings.

scholarly journals Who Gains More? The Relationship Between Parenthood and Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491986046
Author(s):  
Quanlei Yu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Qiuying Zhang ◽  
Yafei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Facial Resemblance ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Child ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paternal Uncertainty ◽  
Parent Child

Two studies were conducted to explore the effect of parental sex on well-being due to parenthood. Study 1 analyzed the sixth wave of the World Values Survey data. The results indicated that parents were happier than their respective childless peers. However, the effect of motherhood was significantly higher than that of fatherhood. Furthermore, Study 2 analyzed the data from 354 single-child parents in China. The results showed that perceived parent–child facial resemblance moderated the sex difference in well-being. Specifically, in the high parent–child facial resemblance group, both fathers and mothers showed high levels of well-being; however, in the low parent–child facial resemblance group, the well-being level of mothers was higher than fathers. These results supported the renovated pyramid of needs and the hypothesis of paternal uncertainty.

scholarly journals Israel will hold a national exercise tomorrow on the possibility of a deadly corona outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Home Front ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
First Time

An exercise to be held in the format of a “war game” named “Omega Exercise” Government ministries, the defense establishment, the Home Front Command, the National Security Council, and other bodies will participate in an exercise to be held in the format of a “war game” and named “Omega Exercise” [1,2] Prime Minister Bennett: “We are always looking to the future and preparing for the battle for the first time in the world - Israel will qualify for the outbreak of a new Corona strain. The OMEGA variant has not yet been detected In the country.

Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847) in North America (ca. 1830–1917)

1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Noll
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Open Window ◽  
The Church

When in the spring of 1817 the thirty-seven-year-old Scottish minister, Thomas Chalmers, descended upon London, the world's greatest metropolis was transfixed. The four benefit sermons that Chalmers preached between 14 May and 25 May produced electrifying results. “All the world wild about Dr. Chalmers,” wrote William Wilberforce in his diary. At the sermon for the Hibernian Society, which distributed Bibles to the Irish poor, Viscount Castlereagh, moving British spirit at the Congress of Vienna, and the future prime minister George Canning were visibly moved. For his final appearance the throng was so intense that Chalmers, arriving shortly before he was to preach, could neither get into the church nor, at first, convince the crowd that he was the preacher, so far did his nondescript appearance fall short of his grand reputation. When friends inside finally recognized Chalmers, they secured his entrance by having him walk on a plank through an open window up to the pulpit itself.

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