Process and characterization of reclaimed carbon fiber composites by pyrolysis and oxidation, assisted by thermal plasma to avoid pollutants emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Moura Caldeira Alves ◽  
Fábio Santos da Silva ◽  
Maurício Vicente Donadon ◽  
Rafael Razuk Garcia ◽  
Evaldo José Corat
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

This paper shows a developed process to reclaim carbon fiber from end-of-life thermoset composite or pre-preg process waste, which uses pyrolysis and oxidation to remove the matrix (resin) and a plasma reactor to treat the exhaust gases. Laminates were manufactured to be recycled and the reclaimed laminates were remanufactured and then tested. Tensile tests, interlaminar shear strength tests and measurement of the fiber volumetric fraction for both virgin and reclaimed laminates were carried out. The dimensions, masses and permeability were also measured for both virgin and recycled laminates. Additionally, ultrasound inspections, Raman spectroscopy, micrographs using scanning and transmission, as well as microscopy of the fracture surfaces of the composite specimens submitted to the tensile and interlaminar shear strength tests were performed. Monofilament tensile tests in one of the reclaimed and virgin samples were also conducted. All these tests and analysis were conducted aiming at comparing the overall performance of the reference (virgin) composite to the one manufactured with reclaimed carbon fiber, trying to better understand the differences between them, and the origin and cause of these differences.

scholarly journals Ultrasound assisted process for enhanced interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Bogoeva-Gaceva ◽  
Niko Heraković ◽  
Dimko Dimeski ◽  
Viktor Stefov
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Epoxy Resin Composites ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

The influence of ultrasonic treatment, applied during the impregnation of carbon fiber bundle by resin system, on interface sensitive properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites has been analyzed. The formation of the network has been followed on model composites containing untreated, oxidized and epoxy sized fibers by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR-microscopy) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The enhanced interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), found for the composites treated by ultrasound, is attributed to the formation of more homogeneous and dense network, which is especially pronounced for epoxy sized carbon fiber composites.

Surface and Composite Interface of Carbon Fiber Modified by Grafting of Diethanolamine

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhi Wei Xu ◽  
Jia Lu Li ◽  
Xiao Qing Wu ◽  
Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Composite Interface ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

The γ-ray co-irradiation method was employed to study the effect of diethanolamine modification on the surface of carbon fiber (CF) and the interfacial properties of CF/epoxy composites. Compared with the original carbon fiber, the surface of modified fibers became rougher. The amount of oxygen-containing functional groups was increased and the nitrogen element was detected after irradiation grafting. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites reinforced by carbon fibers irradiated in diethanolamine solution was increased and then decreased as the irradiation dose increased. The ILSS of CF/epoxy composites was enhanced by 16.1% at 200kGy dose, compared with that of untreated one. The γ-ray irradiation grafting is expected to be a promising method for the industrialized modification of carbon fibers.

Microstructure optimizations for improving interlaminar shear strength and self-healing efficiency of spread carbon fiber/epoxy laminates containing microcapsules

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Yasuka Nassho ◽  
Kazuaki Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

The purpose of this study is to improve interlaminar shear strength and self-healing efficiency of spread carbon fiber (SCF)/epoxy (EP) laminates containing microcapsules. Microencapsulated healing agents were embedded within the laminates to impart a self-healing functionality. Self-healing was demonstrated on short beam shear specimens, and the healing efficiency was evaluated by strain energies of virgin and healed specimens. The effects of microcapsule concentration and diameter on apparent interlaminar shear strength and healing efficiency were discussed. Moreover, damaged areas after short beam shear tests were examined by an optical microscope to investigate the relation between the microstructure and the healing efficiency of the laminates. The results showed that the stiffness and the apparent interlaminar shear strength of the laminates increased as the microcapsule concentration and diameter decreased. However, the healing efficiency decreased with decreasing the microcapsule concentration and diameter.

Halloysite nanotube reinforcement endows ameliorated fracture resistance of seawater aged basalt/epoxy composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 2761-2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ulus ◽  
Halil Burak Kaybal ◽  
Volkan Eskizeybek ◽  
Ahmet Avcı
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Seawater aging-dominated delamination failure is a critical design parameter for marine composites. Modification of matrix with nanosized reinforcements of fiber-reinforced polymer composites comes forward as an effective way to improve the delamination resistance of marine composites. In this study, we aimed to investigate experimentally the effect of halloysite nanotube nanoreinforcements on the fracture performance of artificial seawater aged basalt–epoxy composites. For this, we introduced various amounts of halloysite nanotubes into the epoxy and the halloysite nanotube–epoxy mixtures were used to impregnate to basalt fabrics via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, subsequently. Fracture performances of the halloysite nanotubes modified epoxy and basalt/epoxy composite laminated were evaluated separately. Single edge notched tensile tests were conducted on halloysite nanotube modified epoxy nanocomposites and the average stress intensity factor (KIC) was increased from 1.65 to 2.36 MPa.m1/2 (by 43%) with the incorporation of 2 wt % halloysite nanotubes. The interlaminar shear strength and Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) of basalt–epoxy hybrid composites were enhanced from 36.1 to 42.9 MPa and from 1.22 to 1.44 kJ/m2, respectively. Moreover, the hybrid composites exhibited improved seawater aging performance by almost 52% and 34% in interlaminar shear strength and GIC values compared to the neat basalt-epoxy composites after conditioning in seawater for six months, respectively. We proposed a model to represent fracture behavior of the seawater aged hybrid composite based on scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy analyses.

scholarly journals Effect of Graphene Additive on Flexural and Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Charfi ◽  
Ronan Mathieu ◽  
Jean-François Chatelain ◽  
Claudiane Ouellet-Plamondon ◽  
Gilbert Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Composite materials are widely used in various manufacturing fields from aeronautic and aerospace industries to the automotive industry. This is due to their outstanding mechanical properties with respect to their light weight. However, some studies showed that the major flaws of these materials are located at the fiber/matrix interface. Therefore, enhancing matrix adhesion properties could significantly improve the overall material characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of graphene particles on the adhesion properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) through interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural testing. Seven modified epoxy resins were prepared with different graphene contents. The CFRP laminates were next manufactured using a method that guarantees a repeatable and consistent fiber volume fraction with a low porosity level. Short beam shear and flexural tests were performed to compare the effect of graphene on the mechanical properties of the different laminates. It was found that 0.25 wt.% of graphene filler enhanced the flexural strength by 5%, whilst the higher concentrations (2 and 3 wt.%) decreased the flexural strength by about 7%. Regarding the ILSS, samples with low concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 wt.%) demonstrated a decent increase. Meanwhile, 3 wt.% slightly decreases the ILSS.

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