Mechanical characteristics of composites based on oil palm empty fruit bunch, modified oca starch and polyvinyl alcohol

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199073
Author(s):  
Vladimir Valle ◽  
Paulina Baquero ◽  
Paola Rico ◽  
Jerónimo Kreiker ◽  
Belén Raggiotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Temperature Correlation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Main Influence

Tensile behavior of empty fruit bunch (EFB) reinforced modified-starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites was studied. Initially, oca starch was chemically modified and characterized by nitrogen content. Afterward, a modified-starch/PVA blend was prepared. Spectrophotometric assessment of blend was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Besides, blend and EFB were evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Composite formulation was performed considering EFB loading (10 and 20 wt. %), EFB particle size (0.425 and 0.600 mm), and processing temperature (80 and 100 °C). FTIR and nitrogen content results confirmed the presence of starch carbamates as a product of chemical modification. TGA evidenced three and four decomposition stages for EFB and blend, respectively. On the other hand, the statistical evaluation showed that EFB content and particle size-processing temperature correlation were the main influence on tensile characteristics. Overall, tensile modulus raised as EFB loading increased, whereas tensile strength decreased slightly with EFB increment. Elongation at break fell by the addition of EFB. Notwithstanding the wide dispersion of tensile properties, results showed similarities to other analogous studies. Therefore, green composites based on oca starch carbamates and EFB have the potential to be duly enhanced by the optimization of fiber-matrix interaction.

Effect of wood particle size on selected properties of neat and recycled wood polypropylene composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3427-3442
Author(s):  
Vedat Çavuş ◽  
Fatih Mengeloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break

Neat polypropylene (PP)- and post-industrial recycled polypropylene (rPP)-based wood-plastic composites (WPC) were manufactured using 40% mahogany wood flour (WF). The effect of particle size (0.074 to 0.149 mm, 0.177 to 0.250 mm, and 0.400 to 0.841 mm) on the selected properties of PP and rPP composites was studied. The influence of 3% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) presence in the formulation was also evaluated. Test specimens were manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding processes. The density and mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, hardness and impact strength values were determined. Morphology of the manufactured composites was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results showed that the particle size, polypropylene type (neat or recycled), and presence of MAPP had important effects on WPC’s properties. Density, flexural modulus, tensile modulus, and impact strength values increased with decreased particle size regardless of the presence of MAPP. Flexural strength values increased with decreased particle size without MAPP. Regardless of particle size, addition of MAPP in composites provided higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and tensile modulus values but lower elongation at break values compared to composites without MAPP.

Tensile Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber / PVC Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1512-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li Duan ◽  
En Chen Jiang ◽  
Yu Hua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break

The influencing effects of the content of wood fiber, particle size and content of titanate coupler on the tensile properties of wood fiber (include the pine powder and the rice husk powder )/PVC composites (WPC) were investigated. The results showed that the tensile modulus of WPC are increased, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of WPC are decreased slightly when the wood fiber changed from 30 to 60( phr method) . Between 150μm and 165μm in the size of the diameter, the tensile strength of WPC increased by 11.5%, however it is increased by 5% between 165μm and 315μm. The content of titanate coupler affected significantly, the tensile properties of WPC appeared first increased and then decreased when the content of titanate coupler is increased from 0 to 3.5 shares( phr method). Added the same content of pine powder or rice husk powder, the tensile modulus and the tensile strength of WPC which filled pine powder are bigger, but the elongation at break of WPC which filled rice husk powder are bigger.

Biodegradable Composites from Pinewood Sawdust and Polyvinyl Alcohol Adhesives

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Chao Li ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Biodegradable Composites ◽  
The Press ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Press Molding

The objective of this study was to characterize the tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus of elasticity (TM) and shore hardness (HA) of biodegradable pinewood sawdust (PWS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites as affected by press temperature, starch/PVA ratio and press time. PWS/PVA composites were prepared by hot press molding under different conditions. The results showed that the TS and TM values of the composite particleboard with press temperature of 140°C were greater than those of the composite particleboard with press temperature of 120, 160 and 180°C. HA decreased with the increase of press temperature. Effect of press time shows the similar trend as the press temperature. The composite particleboard pressed with 10 and 12 min possess the highest TS and TM respectively. when starch/PVA ratio increased from 0 to 17%, 33% and 50%, the TS and HA decreased, however, the tensile modulus increased because elongation at break of composite particleboard significantly decreased when starch/PVA ratio increased. Composites with PVA as matrix material was not reported before.

scholarly journals Improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with coconut shell particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 263498332110074
Author(s):  
Henry C Obasi ◽  
Uchechi C Mark ◽  
Udochukwu Mark
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Shell Particles

Conventional inorganic fillers are widely used as fillers for polymer-based composites. Though, their processing difficulties and cost have demanded the quest for credible alternatives of organic origin like coconut shell fillers. Dried shells of coconut were burnt, ground, and sifted to sizes of 63, 150, 300, and 425 µm. The ground coconut shell particles (CSP) were used as a filler to prepare polypropylene (PP) composites at filler contents of 0% to 40% via injection melt blending process to produce PP composite sheets. The effect of the filler particle size on the mechanical properties was investigated. The decrease in the size of filler (CSP) was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of PP by 8.5 MPa, 15.75 MPa, 1.72 GPa, 7.5 MPa, 100 MPa, and 10.5 HR for 63 µm at 40%, respectively. However, the elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the PP composites were seen to increase with increase in the filler size. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that fillers with 63 µm particle size had the best distribution and interaction with the PP matrix resulting in enhanced properties.

The preparation of poly(methylsilsesquioxane) network-polyimide hybrid materials by the sol-gel process and their properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitake Iyoku ◽  
Masa-aki Kakimoto ◽  
Yoshio Imai
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Films ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Dimethyl Acetamide ◽  
Flexible Films ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Silicone Content

Poly(methylsilsesquixoane) network (silicone)-polyimide hybrid materials were successfully prepared by the sol-gel reaction of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES). The ethoxysilyl group in MTES was hydrolyzed and polycondensed in the solution of the polyamic acid, derived from pyromellitic dianhydride and bis(4-aminophenyl)ether, in N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (DMAc). The hybrid films were obtained by casting the reaction mixture, followed by heating up to 300°C. The hybrid materials containing 0-60wt% of silicone afforded flexible films. The films containing less than 7 wt% silicone were yellow and transparent, whereas the films with higher silicone content were yellow and opaque. Silicone particles with a diameter of around 1-10 μm were observed in the fracture surface of the hybrid films by scanning electron microscopy. Although the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the films obtained decreased with increasing silicone content. the value of the elongation at break remained at 60% up to 30% silicone content.

Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk Biocomposites: Effect of Maleated Polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koay Seong Chun ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Hakimah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk (PP/CPH) biocomposites with different maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content were prepared via melt blending process using Brabender Plastrograph mixer. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of PP/CPH biocomposites increased with increasing of MAPP content. The PP/CPH biocomposites with 5 phr of MAPP showed the optimum improvement on tensile properties. However, the increased of MAPP content reduced the elongation at break of PP/CPH biocomposites. At 5 phr of MAPP content, PP/CPH biocomposites showed lowest elongation at break. Scanning electron microscope confirms the PP/CPH biocomposites with MAPP have better filler-matrix interaction and adhesion due to the effect of MAPP.

The effect of large area graphene oxide (LAGO) nanosheets on the mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Ayub ◽  
Noaman Ul-Haq ◽  
M.B. Khan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Graphene Oxide Sheets ◽  
Excellent Improvement

Abstract Large area graphene oxide sheets were synthesized, dispersed in water and used as nanofiller for mechanical improvement in terms of Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at low loading. The molecular level dispersion and interfacial interactions between the graphene oxides and polymeric matrix PVA were the real challenges. An excellent improvement in mechanical properties at 0.35 wt% loading was observed. Modulus improved from 1.58 GPa to 2.72 GPa (~71% improvement), UTS improved from 120 MPa to 197 MPa (~65% improvement), and in spite of these improvements, interestingly, there was no fall in elongation at break at this loading.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

Characterization of EVA Residues from the Shoe Industry and Post-Consumer Urban-Waste Polyethylenes

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Zattera ◽  
O. Bianchi ◽  
R.V.B. Oliveira ◽  
L.B. Canto ◽  
C.A. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Shoe Industry ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tga And Dsc

This paper presents a characterization of a crosslinked EVA residue (EVA-c) from expanded sheets used in the shoe industry and post-consumer urban-waste polyethylenes regarding their molecular (FTIR), mechanical (tensile and impact tests), morphological (SEM), thermal (DSC, TGA) and dynamic-mechanical (DMTA) properties. For comparison, the properties of the EVA-c and recycled polyethylenes are compared to respective virgin polymers. The recycled polyethylenes generally presented similar properties to the virgin ones. On the other hand, some EVA-c properties differed from virgin ones since it has a high degree of crosslinking and it therefore has a higher tensile modulus and lower elongation at break, notched Izod impact strength and hardness. Additionally, crosslinking was also found to modify the thermal properties (TGA and DSC) of EVA-c.

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