Taming the Gods: How Religious Conflict Shapes State Repression

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Henne ◽  
Jason Klocek
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vivid Memories

Despite a robust literature on general forms of state repression, the determinants of religious repression remain unclear. This article argues that a regime’s experience with religious conflict will lead it to be more repressive of religious groups within its territory for three primary reasons. Religious conflict increases the behavioral threat posed by religious groups, lowers the cost of repressing these communities, and evokes vivid memories of past religious violence that underscore the role of the state in taming religion to maintain social order. New, cross-national data on religious conflict and repression from 1990 to 2009 show that religious conflict has a significant and positive effect on the level of religious repression for the time period under investigation, expanding the types and severity of government restrictions on religion in a country. Our findings point to the importance of studying the causes and nature of negative sanctions against religious communities, specifically.

scholarly journals Re-Framing the Sharia Arbitration Debate

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1, 2 & 3) ◽  
pp. 2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C.W. Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Role Of The State

The “matter of religious arbitration in . . . Ontario” to which Margaret Atwood and nine others are referring is a vocal, polarized debate – the “[S]haria debate.”2 It has largely been framed by two questions. Should Ontario “[p]rohibit the use of religion in the arbitration of family law disputes”3 to avoid “the ghettoization of members of religious communities as well as human-rights abuses?”4 Or would such a prohibition do a “great disservice to a number of religious groups in Ontario, and nothing to safeguard the interests of Muslim women?”5 Several fundamental rights and interests are engaged by this debate, including religious freedom, gender equality, the rights of children, national and cultural identity, freedom from hatred, the role of the state in family law, and others.

scholarly journals Regulating Visibility: Secrecy and Surveillance in Insular Religious Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-501
Author(s):  
Deirdre McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Current Climate

Insular religious communities offer significant insights into some of the issues facing contemporary Western societies, including the issues of religious secrecy and surveillance. The role of secrecy in these communities involves dynamic strategies invoked for many reasons in equally numerous contexts. The behaviours and practices of these groups often reflect much larger issues present in today’s society. In this way, they can guide us in understanding the role of surveillance from a sociological perspective in the current climate of tensions and anxieties. These communities are especially useful for thinking about questions of why some religious groups rigidly control and restrict access to bodies of secret, sacred knowledge or activities and in turn how religious secrecy is viewed by the wider social worlds in which their degree of visibility fluctuates. Here, I suggest an opportunity emerges for the study of secrecy in relation to the notion of regulating visibility by reorienting the focus from the roles of secrets and of secretive practices to one that also considers the more visible forms and strategies through which secrets and secretive practices come to be and are sustained.

scholarly journals Introduction: Moving Targets Risk, Security, and the Social in Twentieth-Century Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Moses ◽  
Eve Rosenhaft
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Agent Of Change

According to the sociologists Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, modern societies have become increasingly preoccupied with the future and safety and have mobilized themselves in order to manage systematically what they have perceived as “risks” (Beck 1992; Giddens 1991). This special section investigates how conceptions of risk evolved in Europe over the course of the twentieth century by focusing on the creation and evolution of social policy. The language of risk has, in the past twenty years, become a matter of course in conversations about social policy (Kemshall 2002). We seek to trace how “risk” has served as aheuristic toolfor understanding and treating “social problems.” A key aim of this collection is to explore the character of social policy (in the broadest sense) as an instrument (or technology) that both constructs its own objects as the consequences of “risks” and generates new “risks” in the process (Lupton 2004: 33). In this way, social policy typifies the paradox of security: by attempting literally to making one “carefree,” orsē(without)curitās(care), acts of (social) security spur new insecurities about what remains unprotected (Hamilton 2013: 3–5, 25–26). Against this semantic and philological context, we suggest that social policy poses an inherent dilemma: in aiming to stabilize or improve the existing social order, it also acts as an agent of change. This characteristic of social policy is what makes particularly valuable studies that allow for comparisons across time, place, and types of political regime. By examining a range of cases from across Europe over the course of the twentieth century, this collection seeks to pose new questions about the role of the state; ideas about risk and security; and conceptions of the “social” in its various forms.

Nile River Transport under the Romans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Adams
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
River Transport ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

This chapter considers the organization of river transport in Roman Egypt (30 BC—AD 284). Egypt provided a significant proportion of grain to the city of Rome; thus the collection of tax grain and its transport to Alexandria was the first stage in the complex organization of the annona. The chapter considers the integration of land and river transport of tax grain, the nature, status, and organization of naukleroi, and the role of the state. It also discusses the transport of private goods by river and offers some quantification of the cost of river transport. It places these economic activities into the broader context of debate about the ancient economy.

Ideas about religious and political threats in Russian political science and philosophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
I. Romanova ◽  
◽  
V. Mladenov ◽  
А. Zhukova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the problems of religious threats in the framework of Russian philosophical, theological, sociological, psychological thought. The analysis was carried out based on the provisions of the theory of the social evolution of religion, theory of religious conflict and theory of social adaptation of religion. The results of the analysis showed that the situation of studies of the religious threat within the Russian scientific field is complicated by the active confrontation among authors of publications on this topic. A large group of authors publish works in which they indicate the existence of a threat to national security from all religions that are not considered traditional in Russia. Fulfilling a social order and reflecting their metaphysical beliefs, biased authors classify a wide range of religious groups as dangerous and extremist. On the contrary, another group of researchers publishes materials through which it tries not only to justify the need for scientifically verified research of state-confessional interaction processes, but also to protect the right of believers to exercise the right of religious choice

Render Unto Caesar… What? Reflections on the Work of William Cavanaugh

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-605
Author(s):  
Paul S. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
The Church

AbstractAn increasing concern for the place of religion in global politics in the past decade is reflected in the work of William Cavanaugh, a political theologian coming from the radical orthodox movement of the Roman Catholic tradition. Taking aim at key tropes in international relations, Cavanaugh introduces a strong critique of the legitimacy of the state and against its martial attitude. This review questions the historicity and generalizability of Cavanaugh's analysis. It also challenges Cavanaugh's exaltation of the church from both an internal and external perspective. Finally, it considers the expanded role of the state as compared to Cavanaugh's vision of the martial state. By way of conclusion, it questions the extent to which Cavanaugh provides an alternative to consigning religious groups to civil society or a workable role for Christian engagement with global politics, even though he provides us with a strong critique of the state.

scholarly journals Relasi Sosial Masjid Baitul Falah Dengan Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI) Rock Di Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
M Thoriqul Huda ◽  
Bisma Dwi Anggana
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Islam And Christianity

The relation between Islam and Christianity is indeed endless to study, perhaps these two religions often occur in the dynamics of inter-religious conflict. The Bethel Indonesia Rock Church and the Baitul Falah Mosque have succeeded in establishing harmonious relations which can be as an example of a form of harmony in the equality of states. The wealth of pluralism possessed in this country in fact shows that it has played a major role in building relationships that can build relationships and cooperation between religions. The Muslim-Christian network that took place by the Baitul Falah Mosque and Bethel Rock Church in Surabaya has succeeded in proving the importance of relations between religions such as Muslims and Christians. Social activities carried out together can be used as a benchmark in maintaining harmony between religious groups. Various forms of social activities can be said to be the beginning of an effort to not divide the problems that occur in the problem of religious people. In their efforts to shape these social activities, these two places of worship have indirectly established good relations with the scope of dialogue. This might happen because between GBI Rock and Baitul Falah Mosque, they participate in all activities in which they take care of each other's houses of worship without any disturbance. The two places of worship have carried out a form of life dialogue that reconciles Muslims and Christians through experiences of living together in close proximity to places. In this case, it can be understood that it is important to develop cooperation in maintaining harmony through establishing good social relations between religious communities, hence the creation of a peaceful and happy world even lives in the reality of a multi-religious society.

scholarly journals On issue of determining the fees for water supply (diversion) to agricultural producers on reclamed land

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Slabunova ◽  
◽  
Yu. E. Domashenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: to analyze the organizational aspects of the charge formation for the provision of services on supply (diversion) of water for agricultural producers and to develop proposals for improving the economic mechanism for calculating the cost of these services. Results: the adoption of the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture no. 79 dated 02.18.2013 significantly strengthened the position of institutions in the validity of the provision of services for water supply (diversion) on a paid basis, creating general conditions throughout the country, which made it possible to ensure uninterrupted water supply in the required volumes to water consumers. However, there are still many questions on this issue. As a result of the research, the priority role of the state in the restoration and stable functioning of the land reclamation complex of the country was determined. The problems associated with the underfunding of state reclamation systems operation and non-compliance with environmental legislation have been identified. Conclusions: proposals regarding the current procedure have been developed: the conclusion of two contracts if necessary (both for water supply and diversion) between the FGBU on land reclamation and the water consumer; the imposing of costs associated with penalties in case of exceeding the permissible discharge of pollutants on the agricultural producer in the contract for water diversion; the inclusion of costs for compensation of harm caused to aquatic biological resources as a result of activities for the water supply (withdrawal) resources in the costs of providing services for water supply (diversion); differentiation of formulas for calculating the cost of services for the supply (diversion) of water to agricultural producers on irrigated lands and other consumers not for the purposes of agricultural production. It is necessary to amend the charters of the Federal State Budgetary Institution on Land Reclamation, providing for the attribution of services for the supply (removal) of water to the main partially paid types of activities, and the establishment at the legislative level of the mandatory conclusion of contracts for the provision of services for the supply (removal) of water.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF THE LAND MARKET FORMATION AND THE ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nemchenko ◽  
H. Nemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The issues of formation of the land market and the role of the state in its regulation have been studied in the article. The great importance of the agrarian business (APC)’s reforming is placed on the landmarket. Its formation was carried out in all countries with economies in transition (CEIT). The necessity of amoratorium on land purchase and sale in present-day conditions in Ukraine has been proved. For Ukraine,the topicality of the solution of this problem lies in the fact that the country, on the one hand, has huge potential in food production, and, on the other hand, the theoretical and practical measures on the formation of theland market and the economic assessment of natural resources have not been fully developed yet. The aimof the research is to come to know the special aspects of the formation of the land market and factors thatstop its development, and the development of a concept for the assessment of natural resources, includingland ones. The concept of economic evaluation of natural resources, including land, has been developed.The authors believe that the assessment of natural resources should be determined by the cost of their reproduction. The faster the exhaustion of natural resources will occur, the more intense there should bechanges in the structure of the country's economy.

The role of demographic and socio-cultural factors in Australia’s successful multicultural society: How Australia is not Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Classical Sociology ◽  
Cross National

Religious diversity and social cohesion have long been seen to be at odds with each other. Classical sociology, grounded in the Westphalian solution to religious conflict in Europe presumed that a single religion was necessary for social cohesion. The issue of religious diversity and social cohesion has come to the fore as once religiously monochrome societies have become diverse through migration and, to a lesser degree, conversion. While European nations question the possibility of multicultural and multi-faith societies living in productive harmony, Australia offers an example of a successful multicultural and multi-faith society. Australia has produced a multicultural society through a policy of social inclusion and mutual respect, in contrast to European policies which produce separate community development. This cross-national comparative study reveals demographic and socio-cultural differences that are likely to explain some of the comparative success of Australia in producing social inclusion and avoiding the ‘othering’ of religious minorities, especially of Muslims. Australia has a particular demographic that features multiple substantial minority religious communities living in ways that promote daily encounters among people of different backgrounds.

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