scholarly journals On issue of determining the fees for water supply (diversion) to agricultural producers on reclamed land

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Slabunova ◽  
◽  
Yu. E. Domashenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: to analyze the organizational aspects of the charge formation for the provision of services on supply (diversion) of water for agricultural producers and to develop proposals for improving the economic mechanism for calculating the cost of these services. Results: the adoption of the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture no. 79 dated 02.18.2013 significantly strengthened the position of institutions in the validity of the provision of services for water supply (diversion) on a paid basis, creating general conditions throughout the country, which made it possible to ensure uninterrupted water supply in the required volumes to water consumers. However, there are still many questions on this issue. As a result of the research, the priority role of the state in the restoration and stable functioning of the land reclamation complex of the country was determined. The problems associated with the underfunding of state reclamation systems operation and non-compliance with environmental legislation have been identified. Conclusions: proposals regarding the current procedure have been developed: the conclusion of two contracts if necessary (both for water supply and diversion) between the FGBU on land reclamation and the water consumer; the imposing of costs associated with penalties in case of exceeding the permissible discharge of pollutants on the agricultural producer in the contract for water diversion; the inclusion of costs for compensation of harm caused to aquatic biological resources as a result of activities for the water supply (withdrawal) resources in the costs of providing services for water supply (diversion); differentiation of formulas for calculating the cost of services for the supply (diversion) of water to agricultural producers on irrigated lands and other consumers not for the purposes of agricultural production. It is necessary to amend the charters of the Federal State Budgetary Institution on Land Reclamation, providing for the attribution of services for the supply (removal) of water to the main partially paid types of activities, and the establishment at the legislative level of the mandatory conclusion of contracts for the provision of services for the supply (removal) of water.

The Swiss National Library

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Frédéric Jauslin
Keyword(s):  
Information Service ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Federal State ◽  
National Library ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
General Review ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
National Libraries ◽  
Information And Technology

This Swiss National Library, which dates from 1894, initially had the function of collecting Helvetica; later the construction of a union catalogue and the creation of a central information service were added to its responsibilities. It achieved much success, but from the 1970s reduced funds and a lack of foresight severely eroded its standing and role. Following the appointment of a new Director in 1990, a team of experts in information and technology was formed, a general review of the library's strengths and weaknesses was carried out, and an automation programme was started. A new policy has had to be defined for the role of a national library in a federal state. It is proposed that the library's responsibilities should include all kinds of information resources, and give equal attention to conversation and the provision of services, the latter particularly as an information centre for material of Swiss interest. Greatly increased funds and staff are being sought. A revision of the law relating to the National Library has been submitted to Parliament; this defines its collection policy (including legal deposit, which the library has not hitherto had) and prescribes its bibliographic services. These developments should lead to the regaining of a prominent position for the library and thence to a national coordination plan for Swiss libraries. The National Library will seek solutions for the problems posed by multilingualism. It will also look for cooperation with other national libraries in Europe.

The role of ex ante regulations in addressing problems of moral hazard in agricultural insurance

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum G. Turvey ◽  
Michael Hoy ◽  
Zahirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Input Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Level

We develop a theoretical model of input use by agricultural producers who purchase crop insurance, and thus may engage in moral hazard. Through simulations, our findings show a combination of partial insurance coverage and partial monitoring of inputs may reduce substantially the problems associated with moral hazard. The minimum level of input use that must be required by regulation is determined to be substantially lower than the optimal or actual input level chosen by producers. Because the use of inputs for crop production occurs in many stages over the pre‐planting, planting, and growing seasons, only a minimal input requirement is needed. Thus, the cost of implementing such a regulation can be kept much lower than would be the case for a regulation of complete monitoring of input usage.

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED AREAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (41) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
V. Kalenska
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Agriculture Development

The study has revealed the importance and the significant potential of Ukrainian agriculture development including that located in radioactively contaminated areas (RCA). The research has proved the necessity to increase the effectiveness of investment support of agricultural producers in RCA. Besides, it has determined the aim to identify modern trends of investment activity of agricultural enterprises in radioactively contaminated areas. Based on the implementation of economic and statistical methods, analysis and synthesis, as well as systemic functional, and historically methodological approaches, main modern trends in investment activity of agricultural producers located in the Zhytomyr region and fulfilling their own operative activities in RCA, have been outlined. The study has emphasized the existence of mostly negative trends in investment support of agricultural enterprises in radioactively contaminated areas and the necessity to activate the role of the state and local authorities in solving problems. Key words: investments, investment activity, radioactively contaminated areas, agriculture, agricultural enterprises from radiation-contaminated areas.

Nile River Transport under the Romans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Adams
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
River Transport ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

This chapter considers the organization of river transport in Roman Egypt (30 BC—AD 284). Egypt provided a significant proportion of grain to the city of Rome; thus the collection of tax grain and its transport to Alexandria was the first stage in the complex organization of the annona. The chapter considers the integration of land and river transport of tax grain, the nature, status, and organization of naukleroi, and the role of the state. It also discusses the transport of private goods by river and offers some quantification of the cost of river transport. It places these economic activities into the broader context of debate about the ancient economy.

Innovation in Russia: regional and industrial aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
I. V. Khristoforova ◽  
I. I. Idilov ◽  
M. S. Abrashkin
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Current State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Desk Research

The article is of an analytical and analytical nature and is based on information prepared in the course of desk research. Secondary data from the Internet is used, including from the website of the Federal State Statistics Service. The review made it possible to consider the current state of affairs in the field of innovation management in the Russian Federation, to make comparisons on individual indicators in territorial and sectoral contexts. The main problems and possible ways of development of innovative activity are revealed; the role of the state in the development of innovative policy of the country, regions, specific industries and enterprises is shown.

Actual state and prospects of redevelopment of irrigated lands of Omsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Boyko ◽  
Artem Timohin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Agriculture And Food

In the Omsk region in the 60s of the last century, the problems of providing animals with feeds led to large-scale work to strengthen the material and technical base of the reclamation complex. Over 20 years (1970 to 1990), the area of irrigated land increased from 4 to 115 thousand ha. According to the data of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Management Omskmeliovodkhoz in the Omsk Region as of December 31, 2017, arable lands are considered irrigated – 78864 hectares, while no more than 8 thousand hectares are actually irrigated. Almost 33 thousand hectares of this area cannot be restored for various reasons, and overhaul is required on an area of more than 34 thousand hectares. The reclamation industry is being restored thanks to the targeted subprogram «Development of Land Reclamation for Agricultural Land». This requires the coordinated work of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Omsk Region, agricultural producers and the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Management» Omskmeliovodkhoz «with scientific support for the industry. This requires the coordinated work of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Omsk Region, agricultural producers and the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Management «Omskmeliovodkhoz» with scientific support for the industry.

Taming the Gods: How Religious Conflict Shapes State Repression

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Henne ◽  
Jason Klocek
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vivid Memories

Despite a robust literature on general forms of state repression, the determinants of religious repression remain unclear. This article argues that a regime’s experience with religious conflict will lead it to be more repressive of religious groups within its territory for three primary reasons. Religious conflict increases the behavioral threat posed by religious groups, lowers the cost of repressing these communities, and evokes vivid memories of past religious violence that underscore the role of the state in taming religion to maintain social order. New, cross-national data on religious conflict and repression from 1990 to 2009 show that religious conflict has a significant and positive effect on the level of religious repression for the time period under investigation, expanding the types and severity of government restrictions on religion in a country. Our findings point to the importance of studying the causes and nature of negative sanctions against religious communities, specifically.

scholarly journals Developing water supply system in Szőgye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Fecser ◽  
István Lakatos
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The deteriorative processes occurring in the environment, the growth of population, the water demand of industry and agriculture, point out day after day the increasing role of water management. The economical use of drinking-water consumption as well as the cost reduction is becoming more and more important. In this research, the measure of a water supplier of Győr was examined in terms of implementing the purposes above.

scholarly journals Role of land set-up systems on soil (physicochemical) conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-280
Author(s):  
Stefania Cocco ◽  
Valeria Cardelli ◽  
Giuseppe Corti ◽  
Dominique Serrani ◽  
Rogério Borguete Alves Rafael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Physicochemical Conditions ◽  
Field Organization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Flooding Events

Land reclamation and drainage networks represent one of the most ancient human modifications of the Italian soilscape, where tailored land set-up systems were developed in agro- and forestecosystems in three millennia of man’s activity. Most of once manually maintained land settings are currently scarcely working or even disappeared because of the cost needed for their maintenance and the advent of mechanization that have simplified the field organization. The scarce attention to the soil experienced in the last decades, has accelerated soil erosion and flooding events, which entailed high costs in terms of money and human lives, but also caused reduction of soil thickness, water holding capacity, and fertility. In view of a sustainable agriculture, it is mandatory to assess the role of land set-up systems, which for centuries have been key in protecting soil from erosion, but also in increasing soil fertility. Such an effort cannot be made without considering the different pedo-climatic conditions and land uses of the Italian territory, which is different with respect to the past because of the multiple transformations made to favour the mechanization of agriculture. In this review we discuss the main effect of Italian land settings on the soilscape and on soil physicochemical conditions. Since land settings were developed centuries ago, detailed information about their effect on specific soil parameters is scarce in the scientific literature; thus, in some case, we provide information gathered in places where land set-up systems are still present.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS OF SUPPORTING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Michał Cupiał ◽  
Anna Szeląg-Sikora ◽  
Sylwester Tabor
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Computer Equipment ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Professional Information ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Role Of Information

Considering the aspect of the role of information in the development of Polish agriculture, one should pay attention to the existing needs in this field, as well as to the existing support mechanisms stimulating the activity of the agricultural producers’ community in obtaining professional information in the form of e.g. consulting or the use of the training offered. At the same time, it should be noted that often the barrier in keeping abreast is not the lack of activity on the part of producers, but the cost associated with it. That is why it is so important to initiate actions, which, on the one hand, serve boosting the efforts of agricultural producers to seek professional knowledge (information), and on the other hand, creating the possibility of compensation for costs incurred in this respect. Given the above, the main objective of this paper is the analysis of the level of implementation of the measures implemented under the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013. The study takes into account the farmers’ computer equipment level and access to the Internet compared to other social groups. Analysis of the distribution of funds to each voivodship showed that the allocation of funds was uneven, and this applied to all analysed measures. In the most part, agricultural producers already have the necessary information infrastructure, but its use is insufficient.

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