scholarly journals Emerging Adulthood, Emergent Health Lifestyles: Sociodemographic Determinants of Trajectories of Smoking, Binge Drinking, Obesity, and Sedentary Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Daw ◽  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Laura Wright
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Health And Mortality

During the transition to adulthood, many unhealthy behaviors are developed that in turn shape behaviors, health, and mortality in later life. However, research on unhealthy behaviors and risky transitions has mostly focused on one health problem at a time. In this article, we examine variation in health behavior trajectories, how trajectories cluster together, and how the likelihood of experiencing different behavior trajectories varies by sociodemographic characteristics. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Waves I to IV to chart the most common health behavior trajectories over the transition to adulthood for cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and sedentary behavior. We find that health behavior trajectories cluster together in seven joint classes and that sociodemographic factors (including gender, parental education, and race-ethnicity) significantly predict membership in these joint trajectories.

Abstract P207: Sociodemographic Predictors of Overweight or Obese Incidence Among Normal Weight 18-Year Olds

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah R Young ◽  
Corinna Koebnick ◽  
Jin-Win Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Incident Cases

The transition from adolescence to adulthood is associated with increased risk for excess weight gain. Transitioning adults are relatively difficult to study, however, because unless they matriculate to secondary education there are few opportunities to track them. Thus, demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with overweight obesity are not well-documented, much less so among adolescents who have maintained normal weight throughout adolescence. We examined the incidence of overweight and obesity among 10,723 healthy, normal weight (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m 2 )18-year olds in 2008 who remained members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California through 2012. Sex, race/ethnicity, height, and weight were recorded in electronic medical records; BMI was calculated. Neighborhood education was determined from US 2000 Census block group data, and quartiles defined by the proportion of adults with an education below high school. We followed 3,677 men (BMI: 21.5±1.96) and 7,046 women (BMI: 21.2±2.0). Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood education, and smoking history. During 34,660 person-years of follow-up (mean 3.23±1.34 years), we documented 2,672 incident cases of overweight (24.9%) and 237 of obesity (2.2%). The RR of overweight was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.38) in the lowest quartile of neighborhood education compared with the highest quartile (test for trend p=0.001). The RR for obesity was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.25; test for trend p=0.025). While women were less likely to become overweight than men (RR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.94), they were twice as likely to become obese (RR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.72). Hispanics had greater risk of overweight (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.18) and Blacks had greater risk of obesity (RR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.15) than non-Hispanic whites. Compared with their non-Hispanic white peers, Asians had lower risk of overweight and obesity (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.93 and RR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.99, respectively). In conclusion, normal weight adolescents are at risk for becoming overweight as they transition to adulthood. Sociodemographic factors predict incidence of overweight and obesity. Women and Blacks are at particular risk for excessive weight gain trajectories.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Determinants of Nonadherence to Depression and Anxiety Medication among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7958
Author(s):  
Sahar S. Eshtehardi ◽  
Ashley A. Taylor ◽  
Tzuan A. Chen ◽  
Marcel A. de Dios ◽  
Virmarie Correa-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Psychiatric Medication ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Psychiatric medication nonadherence continues to be a leading cause of poor health outcomes for individuals experiencing homelessness. Identifying the sociodemographic factors that contribute to medication nonadherence may help guide strategies to care for and support this group. This study examined 200 adults with depression diagnoses and active anti-depressant prescriptions (Mage = 43.98 ± 12.08, 59.4% Caucasian, 58.5% male, 70% uninsured, 89.5% unemployed) and 181 adults with anxiety diagnoses and active anti-anxiety prescriptions (Mage = 43.45 ± 11.02, 54.4% Caucasian, 57.5% male, 66.3% uninsured, 88.9% unemployed) recruited from six homeless-serving agencies in Oklahoma City. Self-reported sociodemographic variables included: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, monthly income, employment status, and health insurance status. Adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that employed (OR = 4.022, CI0.95: 1.244–13.004) and insured (OR = 2.923, CI0.95: 1.225–6.973) participants had greater odds of depression medication nonadherence. For anxiety, being employed (OR = 3.573, CI0.95: 1.160–11.010) was associated with greater odds of anxiety medication nonadherence, whereas having depression and anxiety diagnostic comorbidity (OR = 0.333, CI0.95: 0.137–0.810) was associated with lower odds of anxiety medication nonadherence. Interventions aimed at facilitating accessible prescription acquisition or otherwise reducing barriers to prescription medications for employed adults, including those with health insurance, may benefit adherence, but more research is needed. Future studies would benefit from using a qualitative approach to better delineate nuanced barriers to psychiatric medication adherence.

scholarly journals Can Health-Promoting Schools Contribute to Better Health Behaviors? Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Dietary Habits among Israeli Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Hila Beck ◽  
Riki Tesler ◽  
Sharon Barak ◽  
Daniel Sender Moran ◽  
Adilson Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Mean

Schools with health-promoting school (HPS) frameworks are actively committed to enhancing healthy lifestyles. This study explored the contribution of school participation in HPS on students’ health behaviors, namely, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and dieting. Data from the 2018/2019 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study on Israeli adolescents aged 11–17 years were used. Schools were selected from a sample of HPSs and non-HPSs. Between-group differences and predictions of health behavior were analyzed. No between-group differences were observed in mean number of days/week with at least 60 min of PA (HPS: 3.84 ± 2.19 days/week, 95% confidence interval of the mean = 3.02–3.34; non-HPS: 3.93 ± 2.17 days/week, 95% confidence interval of the mean = 3.13–3.38). Most children engaged in screen time behavior for >2 h/day (HPS: 60.83%; non-HPS: 63.91%). The odds of being on a diet were higher among more active children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), higher socio-economic status (OR = 1.23), and female (OR = 2.29). HPS did not predict any health behavior. These findings suggest that HPSs did not contribute to health behaviors more than non-HPSs. Therefore, health-promoting activities in HPSs need to be improved in order to justify their recognition as members of the HPS network and to fulfill their mission.

Sociodemographic determinants of disability in patients with schizophrenia (Bulgaria, 2018-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Veleva ◽  
S Yankulovska ◽  
K Velikova ◽  
M Valkova ◽  
G Grancharova
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is an increasing public health problem. Despite its low prevalence and mortality, it causes significant disability and has enormous health, social, and economic burden for patients, families, society and health systems worldwide. The aim was to assess the impact of some sociodemographic determinants on disability in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (PS). Methods The study includes 108 patients in Psychiatric Clinic at Pleven University Hospital: 66 males and 42 females, mean age 38.9±10.0, duration of disease 12.8±8.2 years; mean onset of disease - 24 years (Me = 25 and Mo = 22). The study was approved by Ethical Committee. The disease burden was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (РANSS), and level of disability - by 36-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Four variables (gender, age, education, type of employment) were chosen and their impact on disability was assessed by one-way ANOVA (F-test), Tukey's NDS test, two-sided t-test, Pierson r. Data processing was performed by IBM SPSS v.24. Results The most severe deficits were observed in “getting along with people” (61.34±25.77),”life-activities-household” (55.74±23.45), “participation in society” (53.13±19.12), “understanding and communicating” (41.67±17.67). Age at disease onset and its duration showed weak positive correlation. In most domains, males had higher deficits (р=0.0001). Age had an impact only on “getting around” (r = 0.41;p=0.0001) and “self-care” (r = 0.260;p=0.007). Significant differences (F (2,104)=7.565, p &lt; 0.01) were found between groups by education level and occupation (employed/students, unemployed and disabled) - F (3,103)=16.734; p&lt;0.001. Conclusions Sociodemographic factors play a major role for different function domains deficits in PS patients. Most pronounced is the impact of education and occupation. Patients with higher education and those engaged in study or work demonstrate better social functioning than less educated and disabled people. Key messages Education is an important protective factor for disability. Lower educational level decreases competitiveness in workforce market, both in general population and in patients with schizophrenia. Sociodemographic determinants should be considered in planning appropriate preventive and rehabilitation activities to stimulate better social functioning and adaptation of PS patients.

scholarly journals Exploring How Exposure to Truth and State-Sponsored Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns Affect Smoking Disparities among Young Adults Using a National Longitudinal Dataset, 2002–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7803
Author(s):  
David C. Colston ◽  
Yanmei Xie ◽  
James F. Thrasher ◽  
Sherry Emery ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Monitoring The Future

Background. Little is known regarding long-term impacts of anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking and related disparities in the United States. Methods. We examined longitudinal cohort data from Monitoring the Future (MTF) between 2000 and 2017 in modified Poisson regression models to understand the long-term impacts of televised Truth and state-sponsored ad campaign exposure at baseline (age 18) on first cigarette and daily smoking initiation 1 to 2 years later (at modal ages 19/20). We also used additive interactions to test for potential effect modification between campaign exposure and smoking outcomes by sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment. Results. We found no evidence for baseline media campaign exposure to be associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at modal age 19/20. Further, results showed no evidence for effect modification between campaign exposure and first cigarette or daily smoking initiation. Conclusions. We found no evidence that baseline Truth and state-sponsored ad exposure was associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at follow up, nor did we find any evidence for effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, or parental education. We hypothesize that anti-tobacco media campaigns might have had a short-term impact on smoking behaviors, though these effects were not sustained long term.

Socio-Economic Family Background and Adult Children’s Health in Germany: The Role of Intergenerational Transmission of Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Arránz Becker ◽  
Katharina Loter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Education

Abstract This study examines consequences of parental education for adult children’s physical and mental health using panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study. Based on random-effects growth curve models (N = 15,144 West German respondents born between 1925 and 1998 aged 18–80), we estimate gender-, age-, and cohort-specific trajectories of physical and mental health components of the SF-12 questionnaire for low and high parental education measured biennially from 2002 to 2018. Findings suggest more persistent effects of parental education on physical than mental health. In particular, both daughters and sons of the lower educated group of parents (with neither parent qualified for university) exhibit markedly poorer physical health over the whole life course and worse mental health in mid-life and later life than those of higher educated parents. Thus, children’s health gradients conditional on parental education tend to widen with increasing age. Once children’s educational attainment is held constant, effects of parental education on children’s health mostly vanish. This suggests that in the strongly stratified West German context with its rather low social mobility, intergenerational transmission of education, which, according to our analyses, has been declining among younger cohorts, contributes to cementing long-term health inequalities across the life course.

Trans-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of Interactions Between Genetics and Early-Life Socioeconomic Context on Memory Performance and Decline in Older Americans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D Faul ◽  
Minjung Kho ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Kalee E Rumfelt ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Later Life ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
Socioeconomic Context

Abstract Background Later-life cognitive function is influenced by genetics as well as early- and later-life socioeconomic context. However, few studies have examined the interaction between genetics and early childhood factors. Methods Using gene-based tests (interaction sequence kernel association test [iSKAT]/iSKAT optimal unified test), we examined whether common and/or rare exonic variants in 39 gene regions previously associated with cognitive performance, dementia, and related traits had an interaction with childhood socioeconomic context (parental education and financial strain) on memory performance or decline in European ancestry (EA, N = 10 468) and African ancestry (AA, N = 2 252) participants from the Health and Retirement Study. Results Of the 39 genes, 22 in EA and 19 in AA had nominally significant interactions with at least one childhood socioeconomic measure on memory performance and/or decline; however, all but one (father’s education by solute carrier family 24 member 4 [SLC24A4] in AA) were not significant after multiple testing correction (false discovery rate [FDR] &lt; .05). In trans-ethnic meta-analysis, 2 genes interacted with childhood socioeconomic context (FDR &lt; .05): mother’s education by membrane-spanning 4-domains A4A (MS4A4A) on memory performance, and father’s education by SLC24A4 on memory decline. Both interactions remained significant (p &lt; .05) after adjusting for respondent’s own educational attainment, apolipoprotein-ε4 allele (APOE ε4) status, lifestyle factors, body mass index, and comorbidities. For both interactions in EA and AA, the genetic effect was stronger in participants with low parental education. Conclusions Examination of common and rare variants in genes discovered through genome-wide association studies shows that childhood context may interact with key gene regions to jointly impact later-life memory function and decline. Genetic effects may be more salient for those with lower childhood socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals A Life Course Approach to Inequality: Examining Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship between Early Life Socioeconomic Conditions and Health in Later Life Among Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor W. Hargrove, MA ◽  
Tyson H. Brown, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
White Men ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

<br clear="all" /><p> </p><p> <strong>Objective: </strong>Previous research has docu­mented a relationship between childhood socioeconomic conditions and adult health, but less is known about racial/ethnic dif­ferences in this relationship, particularly among men. This study utilizes a life course approach to investigate racial/ethnic differ­ences in the relationships among early and later life socioeconomic circumstances and health in adulthood among men.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Panel data from the Health and Retirement Study and growth curve models are used to examine group differences in the relationships among childhood and adult socioeconomic factors and age-tra­jectories of self-rated health among White, Black and Mexican American men aged 51-77 years (<em>N</em>=4147).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple measures of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) predict health in adulthood for White men, while significant­ly fewer measures of childhood SES predict health for Black and Mexican American men. Moreover, the health consequences of childhood SES diminish with age for Black and Mexican American men. The child­hood SES-adult health relationship is largely explained by measures of adult SES for White men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The life course pathways link­ing childhood SES and adult health differ by race/ethnicity among men. Similar to argu­ments that the universality of the adult SES-health relationship should not be assumed, results from our study suggest that scholars should not assume that the significance and nature of the association between child­hood SES and health in adulthood is similar across race/ethnicity among men.<em> Ethn Dis.</em>2015;25(3):313-320.</p>

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine uptake among older people in relation to sociodemographic factors: cohort results from southern Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Inghammar ◽  
Mahnaz Moghaddassi ◽  
Magnus Rasmussen ◽  
Ulf Malmqvist ◽  
Fredrik Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Tailored Communication ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Local Engagement

The aim of this cohort study was to investigate sociodemographic determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the 70+ age group in Skane county, Sweden (n = 216 243 at baseline). Uptake of the first dose was high (91.9%) overall, but markedly lower (75.3%) among persons born outside the Nordic countries. Vaccine uptake was generally satisfactory among native Swedes also in areas with lower socioeconomic status, but dropped substantially among non-Nordic born in those areas. The identified clusters of unvaccinated older people, mainly representing ethnic minorities in disadvantaged areas, warrants intensified efforts regarding tailored communication, easier vaccine access and local engagement.

scholarly journals Prenatal origins of suicide mortality: A prospective cohort study in the United States

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Vidal-Ribas ◽  
Theemeshni Govender ◽  
Rajeshwari Sundaram ◽  
Roy H. Perlis ◽  
Stephen E. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Neonatal Complications

AbstractMost suicide research focuses on acute precipitants and is conducted in high-risk populations. Yet, vulnerability to suicide is likely established years prior to its occurrence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk of suicide mortality conferred by prenatal sociodemographic and pregnancy-related factors. Offspring of participants (N = 49,853) of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a U.S. population-based cohort of pregnancies enrolled between 1959 and 1966, were linked to the U.S. National Death Index to determine their vital status by the end 2016. We examined associations between sociodemographic factors during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, labor and delivery complications, and neonatal complications with suicide death coded according to ICD-9/10 criteria. By the end of 2016, 3,555 participants had died. Of these, 288 (214 males, 74 females) died by suicide (incidence rate = 15.6 per 100,000 person-years, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 13.9–17.5). In adjusted models, male sex (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.98, CI: 2.26–3.93), White race (HR = 2.14, CI = 1.63–2.83), low parental education (HR = 2.23, CI = 1.38–3.62), manual parental occupation (HR = 1.38, CI = 1.05–1.82), being a younger sibling (HR = 1.52, CI = 1.10–2.11), higher rates of pregnancy complications (HR = 2.36, CI = 1.08–5.16), and smoking during pregnancy (HR = 1,28, CI = 0.99–1.66) were independently associated with suicide risk, whereas birth and neonatal complications were not. Consistent with the developmental origins of psychiatric disorders, vulnerability to suicide mortality is established early in development. Both sociodemographic and pregnancy factors play a role in this risk, which underscores the importance of considering life course approaches to suicide prevention, possibly including provision of high-quality prenatal care, and alleviating the socioeconomic burdens of mothers and families.

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