Paraprofessionals’ Perceptions of Behavior Problems in Elementary School Classrooms

2020 ◽  
pp. 002246692096108
Author(s):  
Briana Bronstein ◽  
Nicole Breeden ◽  
Todd A. Glover ◽  
Linda A. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavior Interventions ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Academic Behaviors ◽  
Constant Comparative Method

Paraprofessionals are increasingly being hired to support students with special needs in schools and are key implementers of behavior interventions for students. However, research is limited on how paraprofessionals perceive the management of student behavior. Using a mixed-methods design approach, the current investigation assesses paraprofessionals’ perceptions of common student behavior problems in elementary school classrooms. Results indicate coached paraprofessionals had a greater likelihood of reporting operationally defined behavior concerns than controls. A qualitative constant comparative method of analysis of paraprofessionals’ behavior reports revealed themes of disruptive academic behaviors (off task, peer/verbal interactions, physical interference), aggressive behaviors (physical aggression toward people/objects, verbal aggression), noncompliance (physical/verbal refusal), and “other” behaviors (unclear/opposite or positive actions). Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

The Four Ws of Imagery Use: Where, When, Why, and What

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista J. Munroe ◽  
Peter R. Giacobbi ◽  
Craig Hall ◽  
Robert Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Constant Comparative

The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the four Ws of athletes’ imagery use: where, when, why, and what. Due to the in-depth nature of the questions being asked, a qualitative approach was employed. The participants were 14 elite athletes (7 male and 7 female), representing 7 different sports. A constant comparative method of analysis was conducted by two investigators. A conceptual framework was developed to display the four Ws of imagery use during and outside practice, as well as for pre-competition, competition, and post competition. Results from the present study indicated where and when athletes use imagery, and extended previous findings on why and for what athletes use imagery. It was proposed that a better understanding of the athletes’ images can serve as a guide to future research and from a practical perspective, facilitate the development of more effective imagery interventions.

Low-inference transcripts in peer coaching: a promising tool for school improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa L. Rivera-McCutchen ◽  
Nell Scharff Panero
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
School Improvement ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Peer Coaching ◽  
Instructional Practice ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Constant Comparative Method

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine highly detailed “low-inference” transcripts (LITs) of peer coaching conversations, drawn from two public US high schools located in New York City, to explore the kinds of interactions that led peers to be more reflective about their instructional practice. Design/methodology/approach – Using the constant-comparative method of analysis, highly detailed LITs of peer coaching conversations were analyzed to identify instances where peers had what the researchers identified as an “Aha!” moment, where the peer's prior belief or opinion about their instruction and/or planning shifted. Subsequent re-coding identified specific strategies that caused the shift. Findings – Three kinds of interactions were identified as leading to an “Aha!,” all of which involved a thoughtful and strategic use of the LITs during the coaching conversation. Conversely, findings suggested that passive use of the transcripts was less successful. Research limitations/implications – Future research should explore the nature and staying power of the shifts in peer thinking, and the extent to which these shifts lead to instructional changes and improved student performance. Practical implications –LITs are a promising tool for instructional coaching. The evidence suggests when in the hands of a skilled coach the transcripts can shift teachers’ thinking in ways that are likely to improve instructional practice and thus student outcomes. Originality/value – This study highlights the value of pairing strategic and thoughtful peer coaching with highly detailed LITs, and identifies specific kinds of interactions that lead to shifts in thinking about instruction.

The Additive Effects of Implementing Advanced Tiers of SWPBIS With Fidelity on Disciplinary Exclusions

2021 ◽  
pp. 109830072110117
Author(s):  
Nicolette M. Grasley-Boy ◽  
Nicholas A. Gage ◽  
Michael Lombardo ◽  
Lucas Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Behavior Interventions ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
Positive Behavior Interventions ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Out Of School

Schools continue to rely on disciplinary exclusions as a consequence for behavioral rule violations, despite evidence that removing students from instruction for discipline purposes is associated with poor behavioral, academic, and social outcomes. School-wide positive behavior interventions and supports (SWPBIS) is one multitiered support framework used to prevent behavior problems while developing effective and efficient systems for intervening with students who require more support. Prior research suggests implementing Tier 1 of SWPBIS with fidelity is associated with reductions in disciplinary exclusions. In this study, we evaluated the additive effects of implementing Tier 1 and advanced tiers (i.e., Tiers 2 and 3) with fidelity compared with Tier 1 alone for 558 schools in California. Results indicate schools implementing all three tiers with fidelity had significantly lower rates of students receiving one out-of-school suspension, out-of-school suspension incidents, and students referred to law enforcement. We also discuss implications and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals A review of adventure learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Veletsianos ◽  
Irene Kleanthous
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Adventure Learning ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
Future Research Directions

Adventure learning (AL) is an approach for the design of digitally-enhanced teaching and learning environments driven by a framework of guidelines grounded on experiential and inquiry-based education. The purpose of this paper is to review the adventure learning literature and to describe the status quo of the practice by identifying the current knowledge, misconceptions, and future opportunities in adventure learning. Specifically, the authors present an integrative analysis of the adventure learning literature, identify knowledge gaps, present future research directions, and discuss research methods and approaches that may improve the AL approach. The authors engaged in a systematic search strategy to identify adventure learning studies then applied a set of criteria to decide whether to include or exclude each study. Results from the systematic review were combined, analyzed, and critiqued inductively using the constant comparative method and weaved together using the qualitative metasynthesis approach. Results indicate the appeal and promise of the adventure learning approach. Nevertheless, the authors recommend further investigation of the approach. Along with studies that investigate learning outcomes, aspects of the AL approach that are engaging, and the nature of expert-learner collaboration, future adventure learning projects that focus on higher education and are (a) small and (b) diverse, can yield significant knowledge into adventure learning. Research and design in this area will benefit by taking an activity theory and design-based research perspective.

scholarly journals Evolution of Medical Students' Understanding of Systems-Based Practice: A Qualitative Account

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Rutledge ◽  
Ellen Jones ◽  
Jessica Bailey ◽  
James Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Natural Progression ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Student Focus ◽  
Clinical Curriculum

Reflective writing is a useful tool in medical education to analyze student experiences and measure development of certain skills. This tool is particularly useful in identifying skill components of systems-based practice. These skills are necessary for any practicing physician, but are of particular importance as they are a required residency competency. There is now additional focus on systems-based practice with the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). In this qualitative, grounded theory study, the reflective writings of students at a United States medical school were analyzed using the constant comparative method to explore how the focus of a medical student progresses through the clinical curriculum. The interprofessional team of researchers specifically sought to determine if areas of medical student focus evolve vertically across the curriculum and if in the process students develop an understanding of systems-based practice. The data supported both of these objectives, and actively supports future research to identify ways, both inside and outside the curriculum, to leverage the students’ natural progression of focus in order to expand systems-based practice education.

scholarly journals Response to Flavored Cartridge/Pod-Based Product Ban among Adult JUUL Users: “You Get Nicotine However You Can Get It”

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Yingst ◽  
Candace R. Bordner ◽  
Andréa L. Hobkirk ◽  
Brianna Hoglen ◽  
Sophia I. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food ◽  
The Impact

In order to curb increasing youth electronic cigarette (e-cig) use, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of flavored cartridge/pod-based products in February 2020. This mixed-methods study aimed to evaluate the impact of the FDA ban on adult JUUL users. The samples of current adult JUUL users were surveyed via Amazon Mechanical Turk at three time-points n = 76 (Sample 1); n = 128 (Sample 2); n = 86 (Sample 3) before and after the FDA flavored/pod ban. The participants were asked to report the JUUL flavored pod used most often and answer questions on purchasing generic pods or refilling (Quantitative). JUUL users were then interviewed in order to explore their perceptions and behaviors related to the FDA ban of flavored cartridge/pod-based products (Qualitative; n = 16). Quantitative data analysis evaluated the differences in variables by time-point. Qualitative data were coded into themes while using the constant comparative method. We found a significant decrease in the use of mint pods (43.4%, 22.7%, 16.3%) (p < 0.01), while there was a significant increase in the use of menthol pods (6.6%, 26.6%, 37.2%) (p < 0.01). Themes that emerged from the qualitative data included switching from mint to menthol pods, refilling pods, and switching to other products that are available in the desired flavors, such as generic pods or disposable e-cigs. Future research is needed in order to evaluate the impact of these behaviors on public health.

Group music composing strategies: A case study within a rock band

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Biasutti
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Rock Band ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports on the compositional processes of an Italian rock band whilst composing a new piece over seven group composing sessions. The band members were videotaped during the group composing sessions in their rehearsal room. A qualitative analysis of the video recordings was performed using the Constant Comparative Method. In the analysis, 59 different behaviours emerged, which were subsequently reduced into 13 categories. When analysing the categories, five themes (activities) were defined. The five activities were: context definition, experimenting, constructing, playing and evaluating. The activities were employed as a coding technique for time coding the videotaped data, which revealed the time percentages spent by the musicians in each of the group composing activities. Results from the joint qualitative and percentage time analysis indicate the importance of the strategies adopted by the musicians during group composing. The results are discussed by taking into account the impact of the processes employed in a group composing setting as well as suggestions for future research. The implication for music education involves the possibility to apply approaches based on the development of cognitive processes rather than the product of collaborative composing activities.

The Efficacy of the Family Check-Up on Children’s Emotional and Behavior Problems in Early Elementary School

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Andrew Garbacz ◽  
Laura Lee McIntyre ◽  
Elizabeth A. Stormshak ◽  
Derek B. Kosty
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early Elementary ◽  
Teacher Report ◽  
Special Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Elementary School ◽  
And Behavior

This study reports results of a randomized, controlled trial examining the efficacy of the Family Check-Up (FCU) initiated during kindergarten on teacher report of children’s emotional and behavior problems in first and second grade. Children’s emotional and behavior needs and the receipt of special services in school at pretest were examined as moderators. Participants were primary caregivers and teachers of 365 children in early elementary school. Using an intent-to-treat approach, results indicated children in the FCU condition outperformed children in a business-as-usual control condition on teacher report of emotional and behavior problems in first and second grade. Children experiencing higher levels of emotional and behavior problems at pretest benefited from the FCU more than did children who experienced lower levels of problems. There was no evidence of moderation by whether children received special services in school. Implications for family-centered interventions, study limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

Product and service innovation in Portugal: patterns and specificities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vianey Oliveira Costa ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues Rocha ◽  
Maria Jose Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
The Creation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the innovative scenario in Portugal, assess the patterns of goods and service change in the past decade and evaluate several essential characteristics from innovation and its relevant aspects. Design/methodology/approach This research is a case study with secondary data obtained from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) in which it is applied to the constant comparative method of data analysis proposed by Spiggle (1994). Findings The innovation of products and services in Portugal increased over the entire period analyzed although not linear, the financing programs contributed to the recovery and growth of innovation and small companies presented the most significant increase in product innovation. Research limitations/implications This investigation has limitations related to the data collected because the secondary data analyzed generalize the indicators and make it impossible to comprehend each aspect analyzed in this study in detail. This study also pointed out that Portuguese small- and medium-sized enterprises are more easily able to innovate in times of difficulty when compared to large companies. However, it is necessary to understand this phenomenon and present elements that can support or refute this discovery. Practical implications This paper offers a broad view of product and service innovation in Portugal for companies, entrepreneurs, universities and researchers, in addition to facilitating the creation and structuring of policies, research and financing that can develop innovation processes. Social implications By presenting a macro view of product and service innovation, this paper may facilitate the creation of incentives for innovation in Portugal and, consequently, to improve economic and development indicators. Originality/value This paper is unique in showing the patterns of innovation in the product and service in Portugal over almost a decade and in demonstrating important indicators that can be used in future research.

scholarly journals Female Drug Offenders Reflect on their Experiences with a County Drug Court Program

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Roberts ◽  
Loreen Wolfer
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Drug Offenders ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Constant Comparative Method

This paper examines the experiences of a group of female drug offenders who successfully completed a county drug court program in northeast Pennsylvania. Using the constant comparative method, we analyzed interviews with these women for thematic patterns in order to provide an evaluation of this program based on participants' subjective perceptions of its strengths and weaknesses. While other drug court evaluations identify rewards for good behavior and compassionate program staff as important contributing factors to participants' success, women in this study credited their recovery and successful completion of the program primarily to fear of punishment and program structure. Our analysis also revealed patterns of improved self-images, improved physical and mental health, improved coping mechanisms, and improved interpersonal relationships. We end the paper with a discussion of implications for future research.

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