A Transgenerational Model of Status Attainment: the Potential Mediating Role of School Motivation and Education

2008 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Schoon
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
British Cohort Study

This paper examines the influences of parental social status, childhood cognitive ability, school motivation and education on social status attainment in early adulthood. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), a pathway model of transgenerational status attainment is conceptualised, taking into account the context as well as the timing of individual status transitions. The subjects were 3104 men and 3229 women who participated in the 1958 National Child Development Study and 3049 men and 2692 women from the 1970 British Cohort Study, following their lives from childhood to their mid-thirties. The findings suggest that in both cohorts the number of years spent in full-time education is by far the most important determinant of status attainment among men and women and that there are persistent social inequalities in status attainment. The findings furthermore confirm the hypothesis that social background and cognitive ability are partially mediated through school motivation and education, opening up leverage for possible interventions.

Teenage career aspirations and adult career attainment: The role of gender, social background and general cognitive ability

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Schoon ◽  
Elzbieta Polek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Career Attainment

In this paper we examine the associations between gender, family background, general cognitive ability (g), teenage career aspirations, and career attainment in mid adulthood drawing on two large representative samples of the British population born in 1958 (N = 6,474) and in 1970 (N = 5,081). A developmental-contextual model of career development is tested, using Structural Equation Modelling to map the pathways linking early experiences to adult outcomes. Results show that in both cohorts career aspirations measured at age 16 predict career attainment of cohort members in their mid 30s, even after controlling for family social background and general cognitive ability. Compared to their less ambitious peers, those with aspirations for a professional job are more likely to participate in further education, and are more likely to achieve a professional career in their adult years. Regarding gender differences in career pathways, the findings suggest that women are more ambitious in their occupational aspirations than men and more likely to participate in further education. However, despite reducing gender inequalities in attainment, social inequalities in educational and occupational opportunities remain.

Perceived diversity and employee well-being: mediating role of inclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1139
Author(s):  
Akanksha Jaiswal ◽  
Lata Dyaram
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Knowledge Diversity

Purpose While literature cites several distinct studies on workforce diversity and employee well-being (EWB), attention to their combined significance has been limited. Extant work highlights cognitive outcomes of diversity, while its impact on affect-related outcomes is underexplored. The purpose of this paper is to examine how employee perceptions of diversity (based on surface and/or knowledge attributes) influence their well-being and how perception of inclusion mediates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach In total, 248 full-time employees from large organizations across varied industries in India have participated in this survey-based study. Findings Structural equation modeling results indicate surface and knowledge diversity to significantly impact EWB. Surface diversity adversely affected well-being, while knowledge diversity had favorable impact. Besides, inclusion was found to be a significant mediator between knowledge diversity and well-being but not between surface diversity and well-being. Research limitations/implications Present study explores the diversity–well-being link through the lens of perceived inclusion. Future research should consider contextual factors that will influence these relationships. Practical implications Managerial nudging can enhance employee self-control, intrinsic motivation and well-being. Further, managers should note how knowledge diversity aids in well-being toward constructive cross-functional synergy building. Originality/value Study conceptualizes diversity from Indian social and employment perspectives, while incorporating inclusion as a contextual factor currently under-researched empirically in the Indian context. Further, the authors contribute to the limited literature on affect-related effects of diversity.

Country of Origin Effect on Purchase Intention Towards Italian Luxury Fashion: Mediating Role of Brand Perception and Social Status

Metamorphosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Amit Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Brand Perception ◽  
The Relationship

Economic growth, urbanization and higher disposable incomes have helped to propel growth of luxury fashion in India. Indian customers attach luxury fashion with their social status. Therefore, a need was felt to understand the drivers of purchase intention for luxury fashion goods. The purpose of study is to explain the role of factors which have influence on purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. The research tries to identify the mediating effect of brand perception and social status on interrelationship between country of origin (COO) and purchase intention. The data were collected by means of structured questionnaires from a total of 400 Indian customers residing in the Delhi NCR. Structural equation modelling has been used to find the outcomes. COO, brand perception and social status were found to significantly influence customer purchase intention. However, mediation effect of brand perception was found in relation between COO and purchase intention. Mediation effect of social status also exists in relation between COO and purchase intention. Brand perception and social status sequentially mediate the relationship between COO and purchase intention.

Interparental conflict and Chinese emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality: Indirect pathways through attachment to parents and interpersonal security

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-431
Author(s):  
Danli Li ◽  
Dongping Li ◽  
Kairong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Romantic Relationship Quality

It has been documented that destructive interparental conflict (IPC) is risky for emerging adults’ romantic experience. Despite this, the mechanism through which such a conflicting relationship between the parents can be transmitted to offspring during emerging adulthood has not been thoroughly addressed. This study focused on the mediating roles of emerging adults’ attachment to parents and interpersonal security to examine whether they jointly mediate the relationship between destructive IPC and emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality. A total of 202 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students aged 18–26 (65.4% females) participated in an online survey, all of whom were in romantic relationships. With structural equation modeling, results revealed two indirect pathways linking destructive IPC and adults’ romantic relationship quality: first, destructive IPC was indirectly associated with emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality through the mediating role of attachment to parents in early adulthood; second, destructive IPC was indirectly linked with emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality through the sequential mediating roles of emerging adults’ attachment to parents and interpersonal security. The findings of the study elucidated a potential process that IPC is likely to shape emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality through both adults’ attachment to parents and adults’ preconception about interpersonal security, thus offering avenues for facilitating the quality of emerging adults’ romantic relationship.

Age–period–cohort effects on inequalities in psychological distress, 1981–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA SACKER ◽  
RICHARD D. WIGGINS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

Background. In the closing decades of the twentieth century, changes in population sociodemographics took place that might be thought to have an adverse influence on the nation's psychological distress. Here, we examine the stability of social and gender inequalities in psychological distress throughout the 1980s and 1990s.Methods. The study uses data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study collected when the cohort members were aged between 23 and 42. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of social class, gender, age, period and cohort on psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory.Results. We identify clear social inequalities in psychological distress during 1981–2000 that reduced in magnitude over this period. Non-linear age effects were observed: psychological distress improves in early adulthood but declines again on approaching mid-life. The 1970 cohort had poorer psychological distress than the 1958 cohort. Although women had higher rates of psychological distress than men, gender differences reduced in magnitude. Declining rates of women's psychological distress over time have not been matched in men. A reduction in social inequalities over time was also observed. Improvements in the psychological health of those in manual occupations were not equalled among those in non-manual occupations.Conclusions. Both social and gender inequalities have narrowed in the last two decades of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals The mediation role of religiosity and hope for the effect of self-stigma on psychological well-being among Virus Corona (COVID-19) patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal AlEid ◽  
Boshra A. Arnout ◽  
Mohammed M. J. Alqahtani ◽  
Fahmi H. Fadhel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Over the past few months, there is a significant increase in mortality and morbidity due to Coronavirus disease (Kar, Yasir Arafat, Kabir, Sharma, & Saxena, 2020). Less attention has been paid by researchers to the COVID-19 pandemic, stigmatism, psychological well-being, hope and religiosity and, and how these may impact on the patient's recovery.Method: A random sample consisted of 426 COVID-19 patients, who have resided in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, they answered an online questionnaire contains four scales (Religiosity, hope, stigma, and well-being). The data collected from the study participants were analyzed quantitatively by using One-way ANOVA, Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA, Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA, and Structural Equation Model (IBM SPSS statistics 21 and Amos v.25). Results: The results showed that there are statistical significant differences due to age in hope and well-being, in favor of the sample members belonging to the age group from 30 years old and over old, while there are no differences in religiosity and stigma due to age. As well as, there are no differences due to the education level in religiosity, hope, stigma and well-being. About the differences due to social status, there are statistical significant differences in well-being in favor of married group, while there are no differences in religiosity, hope and stigma due to social status. About the effect of income level in the study variables, the results showed that there are no differences due to income level in religiosity, hope, stigma and well-being. Moreover, the findings found that both religiosity and hope play an mediating role in the relationship between the latent variables stigma and psychological well-being.Conclusions: Religiosity and hope play a mediating role in the relationship between stigma associated with COVID-19 and psychological well-being. These results indicate a number of potential strategies to reduce the negative effects of the stigma associated with COVID-19 and to increase the level of psychological well-being among COVID-19 patients.

Organizational structure and employees' innovative behavior: The mediating role of empowerment

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1523-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Rhee ◽  
Seo Dae Seog ◽  
Faridun Bozorov ◽  
Alisher Tohirovich Dedahanov
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
The Republic

We examined the mediating role of empowerment in the associations among centralization, formalization, and employee innovative behavior in organizations. Respondents were 750 highly skilled full-time employees of manufacturing organizations in the Republic of Korea who completed a self-administered survey. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the hypotheses of our study. The findings demonstrated that centralization and formalization were negatively related with empowerment. Empowerment was positively associated with employee innovative behavior, and played a mediating role among centralization, formalization, and innovative behavior. We recommend that managers of organizations establish self-managed teams that are able to make decisions autonomously, and that managers use a less formalized organizational structure to enhance employee empowerment.

scholarly journals Correlates of Adult Vocabulary Task Performance: Findings from a British Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Helen Cheng ◽  
Adrian Furnham
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

This study explored a longitudinal data set of 4361 adults (2119 males and 2239 females) to examine factors that influence adult vocabulary task performance. Data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 10 years), during teenage years (age 16 years), and in adulthood (ages 30, 34, and 42 years) to examine the effects of family social status, childhood cognitive ability, teenager locus of control, psychological distress, educational qualifications, and occupational prestige in adulthood on an adult vocabulary task—an index of crystallized intelligence. Structural equation modeling showed that childhood cognitive ability, teenager locus of control, education, and occupation were all significant and direct predictors of adult vocabulary task performance. Parental social status affected the outcome variable mediated through educational qualifications. The strongest predictor of adult vocabulary task performance was childhood cognitive ability, followed by educational qualifications and locus of control. Finally, limitations were acknowledged.

scholarly journals Cognition and Academic Performance: Mediating Role of Personality Characteristics and Psychology Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqi Shi ◽  
Shaowei Qu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mediating Role

This study uses personality and psychology health characteristics of high school students as intermediary variables to study how cognitive ability affects academic performance, and analyzes memory, information processing, presentation, logical reasoning, and thinking transformation ability in high school students. In this study, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the mediating effect, and the bootstrap method was used to test the significance of the mediating effect. The participants were 572 high school students from Beijing, China. They completed a survey that included questions on cognitive ability, personality characteristics, and psychology health. This study uses structural equation modeling for mediation analysis. Through the analysis of four models of comprehensive academic performance, Chinese academic performance, mathematics academic performance, and English academic performance, the results of the study showed that cognitive ability has a significant effect on academic performance, and personality characteristics and psychology health play a partially mediating role between cognitive ability and English academic performance. The mediation effect is about 40%.

scholarly journals Influence of childhood socioeconomic position and ability on mid-life cognitive function: evidence from three British birth cohorts

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215637
Author(s):  
Eoin McElroy ◽  
Marcus Richards ◽  
Emla Fitzsimons ◽  
Gabriella Conti ◽  
George B Ploubidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

BackgroundChildhood socioeconomic position (SEP) is robustly associated with cognitive function later in life. However, it is unclear whether this reflects a direct relationship, or an indirect association via modifiable factors such as educational attainment and occupation. We sought to clarify these associations using retrospectively harmonised data from three ongoing British birth cohorts.MethodsWe analysed data from the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (n=2283), the 1958 National Child Development Study (n=9385) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (n=7631). Retrospective harmonisation was used to derive equivalent indicators of cognition, SEP, education and occupation across the three cohorts. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the association between childhood SEP and mid-life cognitive function, via childhood cognitive ability, educational attainment and mid-life occupation.ResultsAcross all three cohorts, no direct pathways were observed between childhood SEP and mid-life cognitive function. Rather, this association was indirect via the three temporally ordered mediators. In addition, the direct pathway between childhood cognition and adult cognitive function was weaker in the two younger studies.ConclusionsAcross three British birth cohorts, we found that the association between early life SEP and mid-life cognitive function was fully mediated by childhood cognitive ability, educational attainment and occupational status. Furthermore, the association between early cognitive ability and mid-life cognitive function has decreased in younger generations. Therefore, cognitive function in adulthood may be influenced by modifiable factors and societal change.

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