Mental Fatigue Reduces Training Volume in Resistance Exercise: A Cross-Over and Randomized Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 003151252095893
Author(s):  
Victor Sabino de Queiros ◽  
Matheus Dantas ◽  
Leonardo de Sousa Fortes ◽  
Luiz Felipe da Silva ◽  
Gilson Mendes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Failure Reporting

The present study aimed to determine the effect of mental fatigue (MF) on total training volume (TTV; number of repetitions x number of sets x load) and on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg, 1982 ) in the half-back squat exercise (HBSE). Nine male subjects ( M age = 22.6 years, SD =  2.3; M height = 172.3 cm , SD =  6.8; M weight = 76.2 kg , SD =  9.8; M years of resistance training experience = 4.1, SD = 2.3 years) recruited from a university population were study participants in this participant-blind cross-over and randomized study. Participants underwent either the Stroop task – a highly demanding cognitive task (CT) – or a control condition (CON) in which they viewed a documentary exhibition for 30 minutes. Perception of MF and motivation were assessed after treatments using a visual analog scale of 100 mm. Participants then engaged in a countermovement jump (CMJ) test and three sets of HBSE until they reached momentary concentric failure, reporting RPE at the end of each exercise set. Following the CT, participants showed a significantly increased self-perception of MF in relation to the CON condition ( p = 0.01; d = 1.2), but this did not affect their motivation to engage in subsequent tests ( p = 0.99; d = 0.006). Neither the CMJ performances nor the RPE were statistically different between CT and CON conditions ( p = 0.33; d = 0.09 and p = 0.20 ; η2 = 0.20, respectively). TTV was significantly lower in the CT relative to the CON experimental condition (Δ = −15.8%; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.48). Prolonged involvement in a CT was associated with reduced volume on a resistance exercise, though this effect was not associated with changes in CMJ performance or motivation to exercise.

scholarly journals Returners Exhibit Greater Jumping Performance Improvements During a Peaking Phase Compared With New Players on a Volleyball Team

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb D. Bazyler ◽  
Satoshi Mizuguchi ◽  
Ashley A. Kavanaugh ◽  
John J. McMahon ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Back Squat

Purpose: To determine if jumping-performance changes during a peaking phase differed among returners and new players on a female collegiate volleyball team and to determine which variables best explained the variation in performance changes. Methods: Fourteen volleyball players were divided into 2 groups—returners (n = 7) and new players (n = 7)—who completed a 5-wk peaking phase prior to conference championships. Players were tested at baseline before the preseason on measures of the vastus lateralis cross-sectional area using ultrasonography, estimated back-squat 1-repetition maximum, countermovement jump height (JH), and relative peak power on a force platform. Jumping performance, rating of perceived exertion training load, and sets played were recorded weekly during the peaking phase. Results: There were moderate to very large (P < .01, Glass Δ = 1.74) and trivial to very large (P = .07, Δ = 1.09) differences in JH and relative peak power changes in favor of returners over new players, respectively, during the peaking phase. Irrespective of group, 7 of 14 players achieved peak JH 2 wk after the initial overreach. The number of sets played (r = .78, P < .01) and the athlete’s preseason relative 1-repetition maximum (r = .54, P = .05) were the strongest correlates of JH changes during the peaking phase. Conclusions: Returners achieved greater improvements in jumping performance during the peaking phase compared with new players, which may be explained by the returners’ greater relative maximal strength, time spent competing, and training experience. Thus, volleyball and strength coaches should consider these factors when prescribing training during a peaking phase to ensure their players are prepared for important competitions.

scholarly journals EEG Markers of Cognitive Engagement

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S3.1-S3
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Kennedy ◽  
Jordan Hassin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Mental Load ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Participants

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to use portable electroencephalography and qualitative assessments to characterize cognitive changes associated with perceived increase in mental load and to identify markers of mental fatigue in these individuals.BackgroundThe ability to focus on cognitive tasks impacts everything from our social interactions to our success in the classroom or workplace. Concussion negatively impacts the ability to focus and causes patients to experience signs of mental fatigue more quickly than those without concussion. The mechanisms behind these changes are still not well understood.Design/MethodsFifteen concussion patients and fifteen age-matched controls were recruited to participate in this study. Participants performed two, thirty-minute testing sessions spaced 1 month apart. In each session, participants performed 8 cognitive tasks eliciting varying levels of cognitive activity. Cognitive activity was quantitatively assessed using a MUSE non-invasive EEG headset. These data were compared to a perceived level of cognitive activity determined by the individual using the Klepsh et al (2017) cognitive engagement scale and mental fatigue assessed by the Mental Fatigue Scale (Johansson2014).ResultsThe results demonstrate that frequency based EEG changes correlated with decreased ability to focus on the cognitive task and with perceived cognitive fatigue in both concussion patients and healthy controls.ConclusionsFuture studies should utilize the same methods to monitor cognitive activity differences during daily functional living.

scholarly journals Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele M. Marcora ◽  
Walter Staiano ◽  
Victoria Manning
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
The Impact

Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. Although the impact of mental fatigue on cognitive and skilled performance is well known, its effect on physical performance has not been thoroughly investigated. In this randomized crossover study, 16 subjects cycled to exhaustion at 80% of their peak power output after 90 min of a demanding cognitive task (mental fatigue) or 90 min of watching emotionally neutral documentaries (control). After experimental treatment, a mood questionnaire revealed a state of mental fatigue ( P = 0.005) that significantly reduced time to exhaustion (640 ± 316 s) compared with the control condition (754 ± 339 s) ( P = 0.003). This negative effect was not mediated by cardiorespiratory and musculoenergetic factors as physiological responses to intense exercise remained largely unaffected. Self-reported success and intrinsic motivation related to the physical task were also unaffected by prior cognitive activity. However, mentally fatigued subjects rated perception of effort during exercise to be significantly higher compared with the control condition ( P = 0.007). As ratings of perceived exertion increased similarly over time in both conditions ( P < 0.001), mentally fatigued subjects reached their maximal level of perceived exertion and disengaged from the physical task earlier than in the control condition. In conclusion, our study provides experimental evidence that mental fatigue limits exercise tolerance in humans through higher perception of effort rather than cardiorespiratory and musculoenergetic mechanisms. Future research in this area should investigate the common neurocognitive resources shared by physical and mental activity.

scholarly journals No Effects of Mental Fatigue and Cerebral Stimulation on Physical Performance of Master Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Macedo Penna ◽  
Edson Filho ◽  
Bruno Teobaldo Campos ◽  
Renato Melo Ferreira ◽  
Juliana Otoni Parma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Background: Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by extended periods of cognitive effort, and evidence suggests that mentally fatigued athletes present impaired physical performance. Different ergogenic aids have been proposed to counteract the deleterious effects of mental fatigue, but whether brain stimulation can counteract mental fatigue is still unknown. This scenario is even more obscure considering the effects of these interventions (mental fatigue induction and brain stimulation) in a very experienced population consisting of master athletes.Method: Ten master swimmers (30 ± 6 years old and 14 ± 8 years of experience) participated in the study. They underwent four experimental conditions before an 800-m freestyle test: mental fatigue with brain stimulation; mental fatigue without brain stimulation; absence of mental fatigue with brain stimulation; and absence of mental fatigue and no brain stimulation. Mental fatigue was induced by a cognitively demanding Stroop Color Test, whereas stimulation was applied on the temporal cortex. After that, the athletes swan 800 m as fast as possible and provided their ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) every 200 m.Results: Mental fatigue was effectively induced, as evidenced by a greater fatigue perception and more errors in the last blocks of the cognitive task. Mental fatigue induction did not influence performance (time to complete the swimming trial) and RPE. Similarly, brain stimulation failed to change these two parameters, regardless of mental fatigue induction.Conclusion: The prolonged physical performance of experienced master athletes is not influenced, under the present conditions, by mental fatigue induction, cerebral stimulation, and their association.

scholarly journals The range of motion of the back squat exercise affects absolute volume load without changing the rating of perceived exertion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josinaldo Jarbas da Silva ◽  
Willy Andrade Gomes ◽  
Silvio Luiz Pecoraro ◽  
Enrico Gori Soares ◽  
Roberto Aparecido Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Relative Load ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Maximal Load

Abstract The range of motion (ROM) may affect the external maximal load during back squat (BS) exercise. The correct ROM manipulation can be useful as an exercise load manipulation strategy, changing the volume load during a resistance training session. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of ROM on relative load, absolute load and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during partial and full BS exercise with adjusted loads. Fifteen male individuals (age: 26.5±4.5 years; height: 173±6 cm; body mass: 80.6 ± 8.8 kg; resistance training experience 5±3 years) participated in this study. The experimental procedure was conducted in two sessions. In the first session, brief familiarization and a 10-repetition maximal test (10-RM) was performed for partial (PBS) and full BS exercise (FBS) with 30-min of rest interval. During the second session, all subjects performed 1 set of 10-RM in both conditions (partial and full ROM), and relative load, absolute load, and RPE were evaluated. A paired t-test was used to compare means. The results showed higher values for PBS when compared to FE exercise: relative load (PBS: 1.14±0.24xBW vs. FBS: 0.87±0.24xBW; P<0.001), and absolute load (PBS: 925±249 kg x FBS: 708±232 kg, P<0.001). Similar RPE was observed between conditions (PBS: 8.6±1.3 IEP x FBS: 8.5±1.0 IEP, P=0.855). It was concluded that PBS allowed higher relative load and absolute load during 10RM, without effects on RPE.

scholarly journals Effects of training frequency on muscular strength for trained men under volume matched conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10781
Author(s):  
Emil Johnsen ◽  
Roland van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
Squat Exercise

Background In resistance training, the role of training frequency to increase maximal strength is often debated. However, the limited data available does not allow for clear training frequency “optimization” recommendations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training frequency on maximal muscular strength and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). The total weekly training volume was equally distributed between two and four sessions per muscle group. Methods Twenty-one experienced resistance-trained male subjects (height: 1.85 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 85.3 ± 12.3 kg, age: 27.6 ± 7.6 years) were tested prior to and after an 8-week training period in one-repetition maximum (1RM) barbell back squat and bench press. Subjects were randomly assigned to a SPLIT group (n = 10), in which there were two training sessions of squats and lower-body exercises and two training sessions of bench press and upper-body exercises, or a FULLBODY group (n = 11), in which four sessions with squats, bench press and supplementary exercises were conducted every session. In each session, the subjects rated their RPE after barbell back squat, bench press, and the full session. Results Both groups significantly increased 1RM strength in barbell back squat (SPLIT group: +13.25 kg; FULLBODY group: +14.31 kg) and bench press (SPLIT group: +7.75 kg; FULLBODY group: +8.86 kg) but training frequency did not affect this increase for squat (p = 0.640) or bench press (p = 0.431). Both groups showed a significant effect for time on RPE on all three measurements. The analyses showed only an interaction effect between groups on time for the RPE after the squat exercise (p = 0.002). Conclusion We conclude that there are no additional benefits of increasing the training frequency from two to four sessions under volume-equated conditions, but it could be favorable to spread the total training volume into several training bouts through the week to avoid potential increases in RPE, especially after the squat exercise.

Expected Task Duration and Perceived Effort: An Attributional Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Rejeski ◽  
Paul M. Ribisl
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Attributional Analysis ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anticipated task duration on ratings of perceived exertion during treadmill running. Male subjects.(N = 15) completed two separate runs on a motor-driven treadmill at 85% V02 max. During one trial, subjects ran for a period of 20 minutes, while for a second trial, subjects were led to believe that they would be running for 30 minutes. In each case, the trials were terminated at the 20-minute mark. Ratings of perceived exertion, heart rates, respiratory rates, and ventilatory minute volumes were collected across each trial. Results supported the supposition that the anticipation of continued performance mediated ratings of effort expenditure. This effect was obtained only during moderate work levels and was in contrast to research examining mental fatigue.

Relationship between the level of mental fatigue induced by a prolonged cognitive task and the degree of balance disturbance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Noé ◽  
Betty Hachard ◽  
Hadrien Ceyte ◽  
Noëlle Bru ◽  
Thierry Paillard
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Mental Fatigue

scholarly journals Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Tibana ◽  
Nuno de Sousa ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Fabrício Voltarelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

scholarly journals Modeling of Metabolic Equivalents (METs) during Moderate Resistance Training Exercises

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8773
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adeel ◽  
Chien-Hung Lai ◽  
Chun-Wei Wu ◽  
Jiunn-Horng Kang ◽  
Jian-Chiun Liou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Resting Period

Energy expenditure through metabolic equivalent (MET) prediction during resistance exercises in humans can be modeled by using cardiorespiratory parameters. In this study, we aimed to predict MET during six moderate-intensity resistance training sessions consisting of three different exercises. Eleven participants were recruited into two groups; an untrained (n = 5; with no resistance training experience) and a trained group (n = 6; with 2 months resistance training experience). Each participant completed six training sessions separated with a rest interval of 1–2 days. While wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements using Cortex Metalyzer 3B, each participant performed training sessions consisting of three types of dumbbell exercises: shoulder press, deadlift, and squat. The metabolic equivalents (METs), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood lactate (BL), and Borg rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. The MET was predicted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measure data collected during exercise and rest periods. It was observed that during exercise period, RER, HR, SBP, and BL for the training group (QIC = 187, 95% CI = −0.012~0.915, p = 0.000*~0.033*) while RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE (QIC = 48, 95% CI = −0.024~0.422, p = 0.000*~0.002*) during resting period for untrained group significantly predicted MET for moderate-intensity interval resistance training. It is concluded that the cardiorespiratory variables are significantly related to MET. During exercise, RER and HR significantly predicted MET for both groups along with additional parameters of SBP and BL for the training group. While during the resting period, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE related significantly for untrained and BL for training group respectively.

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