scholarly journals “Prisons Were Made for People Like Us”: British Pakistani Muslim Experiences Upon Release From Prison

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-419
Author(s):  
Mohammed Qasim ◽  
Colin Webster
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
Release From Prison

British Muslim young men who offend upon reentry from prison reported that “Prisons were made for people like us.” At one level, this meant that the challenges they faced were likely to be intractable and insurmountable, regrettably returning them to prison. At another, their social integration after release from prison was hampered by something more than their individual choices and agency. Cycling between neighborhood, offending, and prison, it was their characteristic social relations and the peculiar social structural constraints placed upon them as a group that best explained their experiences upon release from prison.

scholarly journals Implications of individual differences, social-structural constraints, and choice for STEM representation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton M. Wiernik ◽  
Bart Wille ◽  
Anne-Grit Albrecht ◽  
Karl J. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Structural Inequities ◽  
Individual Choices

In this commentary on Miner et al. (2018), we highlight the role of both individual differences and social-structural factors for gender representation in STEM. We emphasize that women are active agents in guiding their own careers and that women make choices which optimize their goal pursuit in light of their individual differences traits, personal experiences, and environmental contexts. We discuss implications for career guidance and other areas of I–O practice that recognizes women’s agency in choosing their own career goals. Recognizing the role of individual choices in guiding careers does not preclude the existence or influence of social-structural factors on these choices and is not an “excuse” to justify societal or structural inequities. Addressing gender differences in STEM representation requires understanding the choices women make about their careers and the factors influencing these choices.

scholarly journals Social relationships and patient-reported outcomes in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya G. Poudel ◽  
Hailey E. Bauer ◽  
Zhaoming Wang ◽  
I-Chan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
P Values ◽  
Patient Reported

ABSTRACTImportanceNearly 89,000 adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15 to 39 years old are diagnosed with cancer in U.S. annually. Cancer diagnosis in AYAs often alters achievement of age-specific milestones, interferes with interpersonal relations, and disrupts social life. However, social relations in AYA survivors and associations with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been understudied.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of cancer on PROs in AYA survivors and identify social integration mechanisms through which cancer experiences influence PROs.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA national Internet survey panel maintained by Opinions 4 Good (Portsmouth, New Hampshire).Participants102 AYA survivors and 102 age/sex/race-matched noncancer controls.ExposureSurvivors were exposed to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy during AYA.Main outcomes and measuresParticipants identified 25 closest friends/relatives they have contacted in past two years. Their interpersonal connections with each of 25 friends/relatives were used to create a social network index. The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and PROMIS-29 Profile was used to measure social support, loneliness, and PROs (physical functioning, pain interference, fatigue, anxiety, and depression), respectively.ResultsAYA survivors of lymphoma, leukemia, and solid tumor had significantly better social networks than controls (all p-values <0.05). However, solid tumor and central nervous system malignancy survivors experienced higher loneliness than controls. Compared to controls, survivors had significantly poorer PROs in all domains. Cancer experience directly influenced all PRO domains (all p-values <0.05 except fatigue) and indirectly through social network-social support-loneliness pathways (all p-values <0.05). Survivors with high loneliness had lower physical functioning, higher pain interference, fatigue, anxiety, and depression compared with noncancer controls (all p-values <0.05).Conclusions and relevanceAYA survivors were more socially connected, but experienced greater loneliness than controls. The perceived loneliness greatly influenced PROs. Future research should focus on the functional aspects of social relations rather than considering the structural aspects of social integration, which would provide an opportunity for appropriate interventions to improve health outcomes through social integration.KEY POINTSQuestionHow do social relationships associate with self-reported health outcomes between adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and noncancer controls?FindingsThis cross-sectional study revealed that AYA survivors were more socially connected, but perceived greater loneliness compared to noncancer controls. AYA survivors with high loneliness had lower physical functioning, higher pain interference, fatigue, anxiety, and depression compared to noncancer controls.MeaningThe findings of this study suggest that appropriate interventions, focused on improving functional social networks to further meet the needs of AYA cancer survivors, may function as a mean to prevent perceived loneliness and help achieve optimal health outcomes.

Men’s Muscularity Image—The Role among Polish Young Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zygmunt Zarzycki ◽  
Stanisław Słyk ◽  
Szymon Price ◽  
Magdalena Flaga-Łuczkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Muscle Groups

For many young men, enhancing their attractiveness as perceived by the opposite sex could be a potential reason for beginning physical activity. The aim of the study was to assess how women perceive male muscularity and how it could affect social relations between sexes. The intention was also to compare this assessment with the male view of the issue. An anonymous survey was conducted in electronic form and shared to Polish students. The questionnaire was completed by 5,190 respondents (4,043 women and 1,147 men). Women preferred a less muscular body than men. All muscle groups apart from the buttocks were also rated as more important by men than by women. The social role of muscularity, for example, in forming relationships with women was exaggerated by men. Men’s perception of their muscularity is not coherent with the way females perceive it.

ECONOMIC RUNAWAYS: PATRONAGE, POVERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF ‘FREEDOM’ ON SIERRA LEONE'S MARITIME FRONTIER

Africa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Diggins
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Village Life

ABSTRACTAs a result of the autopsy of Sierra Leone's civil war, we have become familiar with a rather dystopian vision of ‘traditional’ economic life in that region. Combatants often described their family villages as spaces where profound inequalities were hidden within households; where labour exploitation was woven through kinship relations. This article follows several young men who fled conditions of bonded labour in their rural homes: not to join the war but to seek a new life in the commercial fishing economy. Elsewhere across the postcolonial world, there is a rich ethnographic literature illustrating that people on the fringes of the global capitalist order respond with profound unease as their economic lives become ever more strongly regulated by impersonal market forces. Less often acknowledged is the possibility that, for some people, in some contexts, severing social relations might be exactly what they want, and that therein lies the greatest appeal of an economic life characterized by market transactions. For the young men described in this article, commercial fishing appeared to offer a level of personal ‘freedom’ unimaginable within the patron–client structures of village life. However, most find themselves drawn rapidly back into new forms of extractive relationships.

scholarly journals Semboyan Adil Ka’ Talino, Bacuramin Ka’ Saruga, Basengat Ka’ Jubata Sebagai Akses Relasi Sosial Keagamaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
K Katarina ◽  
Ruat Diana
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Religious Books

Humans are social creatures that require interaction with one another, in the process of building the interaction of religious books and watchwords very important role as access to social relations. In building relationships, access is needed to achieve social integration. This study aims to describe the Dayak motto as access to social relations, so in this research is descriptive in the form of qualitative, using literature or literature studies. Based on the analysis of researchers, conclusions related to the slogan Adil Ka 'Talino, Bacuramin Ka' Saruga, Basengat Ka 'Jubata as access to social relations are fair to others, reflect on heavenly life, and surrender to God as the determinant of life. Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang memerlukan interaksi satu dengan lainnya, dalam proses membangun interaksi kitab keagamaan dan semboyan sangat berperan sebagai akses relasi sosial. Dalam membangun relasi diperlukan akses untuk mencapai integrasi sosial.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan semboyan suku dayak sebagai akses relasi sosial, sehingga dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dalam berbentuk kualitatif, dengan menggunakan studi literatur atau studi pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil analisis peneliti, maka dihasilkan simpulan terkait semboyan Adil Ka’ Talino, Bacuramin Ka’ Saruga, Basengat Ka’ Jubata sebagai akses relasi sosial adalah adil kepada sesama, bercermin kepada kehidupan surga, serta berserah kepada Tuhan sebagai penentu kehidupan. 

scholarly journals The Integrative Power of Sport: Imagined and Real Effects of Sport Events on Multicultural Integration

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris Müller ◽  
Liesbet van Zoonen ◽  
Laurens de Roode
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Sport Events

Despite a lack of supporting empirical evidence, the belief that sport participation can be used to address a wide range of social problems remains popular. In this study we explored ways in which the social-integration value of sport participation was constructed by participants in an Amsterdam soccer tournament created to enhance integration. We used a critical discourse analytical perspective to analyze survey, interview, and ethnographic data. We found that the construction of the socially integrative values of this event created a space in which participants could construct its effects to reflect their own interests. The resulting practices seemed to do little to challenge problematic dominant discourses and social relations.

scholarly journals A Cultural Perspective on Gender Inequity in STEM: The Japanese Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Yoshikawa ◽  
Akiko Kokubo ◽  
Chia-Huei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Gender Inequity ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
Structural Influence

To understand gender inequality in STEM, Miner et al. (2018) illustrate how an individual lens and a social-structural lens provide complementary perspectives. They indicate that gender inequality in STEM should not be simply understood from an individual lens concerning individual choices and responsibilities but also a social-structural lens concerning societal structures, processes, and meanings associated with gender. In this commentary, we would like to bring a cultural perspective to the consideration of the STEM field. Specifically, we focus on gender inequity in STEM in Japan and elaborate how Japanese culture, which emphasizes masculinity, collectivism, and a tight culture, imposes a stronger social-structural influence on gender inequality in STEM and at the same time strengthens the use of the individual lens to explain the phenomena, making the issue of gender inequality more prominent.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Trust: An East-West Comparison in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 609-609
Author(s):  
Marja Aartsen ◽  
Gražina Rapolienė
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Loneliness in later life is two times more prevalent in Eastern and Southern European countries than in Northern and Western European countries. One explanation that is put forth is the difference in expectations about social relations. We examine a not often evaluated role of trust in society as factor contributing to the country differences in loneliness. We adopt the trust-as-antecedent model of social integration, and assume that social integration is associated with loneliness. We use data of respondents aged 65 and over participating in the European Social Survey and conduct a latent factors path analysis to examine the effect of trust in the system and trust in people on social capital and loneliness. Loneliness is two times more prevalent in Eastern Europe than the rest of Europe (26% vs 10%), levels of trust are substantially lower in Eastern European countries, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness.

scholarly journals Social Integration and Psychological Wellbeing in a Sample of the Swedish-speaking Minority of Western Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 364-376
Author(s):  
Ingrida Grigaitytė ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The role of social integration in determining subjective psychological wellbeing in a sample of Swedish-speaking Finns in Ostrobothnia was investigated. A questionnaire was completed by 298 respondents (208 females, 90 males). The mean age was 32.7 years (SD 13.4) for females and 28.9 years (SD 13.4) for males. The age span was between 16 and 90 years. The questionnaire consisted of four scales measuring social integration. Females scored significantly higher on access to social benefits, positive social relations, and trust in the Finnish judiciary system. No sex difference was found for satisfaction with the neighbourhood. The mean values were overall high for both females and males. Respondents over 30 years of age reported significantly more positive social relations and more satisfaction with the neighbourhood compared to respondents under the age of 30. Respondents belonging to a group with high scores of social integration scored significantly lower on anxiety, depression, and somatisation. Conclusively, social integration can be regarded as a resource for psychological health.

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