Relationships between an ADHD Diagnosis and Future School Behaviors among Children with Mild Behavioral Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-214
Author(s):  
Jayanti Owens
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Labeling Theory ◽  
Future Teacher ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Academic Behaviors ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Academic Pressure ◽  
First Time

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder among U.S. children. ADHD diagnoses have risen among children with both severe and mild behavioral problems, partly in response to mounting academic pressure. This study examines the consequences of ADHD diagnosis. Diagnosis can bring beneficial pharmacological treatment and social supports, but it can also trigger negative social and psychological processes, as suggested by labeling theory. For children with mild behavioral problems, diagnosis may trigger awareness of being ‘‘different’’ for the first time, for example through negative teacher/peer effects. By matching diagnosed and otherwise comparable undiagnosed children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort of 1998–1999, I find that medication has positive effects for diagnosed children with severe prediagnosis behavioral problems, yielding comparable future teacher-rated school behaviors as undiagnosed matches. However, diagnosed and medicated children with mild prediagnosis behavioral problems exhibit poorer future teacher-rated social and academic behaviors than their undiagnosed matches, consistent with labeling theory.

scholarly journals Clinical Application of Mindfulness-Oriented Meditation: A Preliminary Study in Children with ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6916
Author(s):  
Ornella Santonastaso ◽  
Vittoria Zaccari ◽  
Cristiano Crescentini ◽  
Franco Fabbro ◽  
Viviana Capurso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Alternative Intervention ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Before And After

Mindfulness-oriented meditation (MOM) is a self-regulatory training used for attentional and behavioral problems. With its focus on attention, MOM is a promising form of training that is gaining empirical support as a complementary or alternative intervention for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we tested the preliminary efficacy of MOM training in children with ADHD, by comparing its efficacy with an active control condition (Emotion Education Program, EEP). Twenty-five children with ADHD aged 7–11 years participated in MOM training (n = 15) or EEP (n = 10) 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Neuropsychological and academic measures and behavioral, emotional, and mindfulness ratings were collected before and after the two programs. On average, MOM training had positive effects on neuropsychological measures, as evidenced by a significant mean improvement in all outcome measures after training. Moreover, positive effects on ADHD symptoms were found only in the MOM group. Although they are preliminary, our results documented that MOM training promotes changes in neuropsychological measures and in certain behavioral symptoms, suggesting it as a promising tool for ameliorating cognitive and clinical manifestations of ADHD.

scholarly journals Perpetration of and Victimization in Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Roles of Impulsivity, Frustration Intolerance, and Hostility

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6872
Author(s):  
Tai-Ling Liu ◽  
Ray C. Hsiao ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Frustration Intolerance ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiance

Victimization and perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying are prevalent among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the associations of impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility with victimization and with the perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying in adolescents with ADHD. Self-reported involvement in cyberbullying and traditional bullying was assessed in 195 adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. Adolescents also completed questionnaires for impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility. Caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist for adolescents’ ADHD, internalization, oppositional defiance, and problems with conduct. The associations of impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility with victimization and perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying were examined using logistic regression analysis. The results demonstrated that after the effects of demographic characteristics and behavioral problems were controlled for, frustration intolerance increased the risks of being cyberbullying victims and perpetrators whereas hostility increased the risks of being the victims and perpetrators of traditional bullying. Impulsivity was not significantly associated with any type of bullying involvement. Prevention and intervention programs should alleviate frustration intolerance and hostility among adolescents with ADHD.

Behavioral and Emotional Problems Among Preschool Children in Pediatric Primary Care: Prevalence and Pediatricians' Recognition

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Lavigne ◽  
Helen J. Binns ◽  
Katherine Kaufer Christoffel ◽  
Diane Rosenbaum ◽  
Richard Arend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Child Psychologists ◽  
Second Stage

This study examined how well private-practice pediatricians can identify emotional/behavioral problems among preschool children. Children aged 2 through 5 (N = 3876) were screened during a visit to 1 of 68 pediatricians who rendered an opinion about the presence of emotional/behavioral problems. Subsequently, children who scored above the 90th percentile for behavioral problems on the Child Behavior Checklist, along with children matched on age, sex, and race who had screened low, were invited for an intensive second-stage evaluation. There were 495 mothers and children who participated in that evaluation, which included a behavioral questionnaire, maternal interview, play observation, and developmental testing. Two PhD-level clinical child psychologists rendered independent opinions about the presence of an emotional/behavioral disorder. The psychologists identified significantly higher rates of problems overall—13.0% when the criterion was independent agreement that the child had an emotional/behavioral problem and a regular psychiatric diagnosis was assigned, vs 8.7% based on pediatricians' ratings. Prevalence rates based on psychologists' independent ratings were significantly higher than pediatricians' for both sexes, 4- through 5-year-olds, and whites, but not for 2- through 3-year-olds, African-Americans, and all minorities. Prevalence rates based on psychologists' ratings were significantly higher than the pediatricians' for all subgroups when V-code diagnoses were included in the psychologists' ratings. Overall, pediatricians' sensitivity was 20.5%, and specificity was 92.7%. At least 51.7% of the children who had an emotional/behavioral problem based on the psychologist's independent agreement had not received counseling, medication, or a mental health referral from the pediatrician. It is concluded that a substantial number of preschool children with behavior problems in primary care are not being identified or treated.

Innovative Utilization of a Borate Additive in Magnesium Production to Decrease Environmental Impact of Fluorides from Pidgeon Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 378-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lan Han ◽  
Qi Xing Yang ◽  
Lan Er Wu ◽  
Chun Du
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Magnesium Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pidgeon Process

The present authors have utilized, for the first time, H3BO3as an additive in pilot scale experiments of Mg production using Pidgeon process. The results from the experiments revealed positive effects of H3BO3on both quantity and quality of the Mg metal crowns. Besides acting as a catalyzer for MgO reduction, H3BO3stabilized also β-Ca2SiO4in the Mg slag. Based on these results, H3BO3may be adopted as an innovative additive replacing fluorite in the Mg production, to enhance sustainability and environmental soundness for the Pidgeon process in China.

scholarly journals ADHD and DIRAS Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as an Indicator of Prolonged Concussion Recovery

CommonHealth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Taziah Kenney ◽  
Jane McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Prolonged Recovery ◽  
Concussion Recovery ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs1412005) within DIRAS2 (i.e., a gene associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prolonged recovery following a sport-related concussion. A case-control study design was implemented, where cases and controls were selected from a cohort of 117 deidentified concussed athletes. Eleven samples from this patient cohort self-reported ADHD diagnosis and were age and sex-matched to 22 participants with no self-reported ADHD diagnoses. The average recovery times were 21.50 + 13.96 days and 15.66 + 8.50 days for the case and control groups, respectively. The authors found that only 13.6% of the individuals without an ADHD diagnosis recovered in > 30 days (p = 0.044). Also, the authors found that 72.7% of the carriers of the T allele (i.e., minor allele) recovered in greater than 30 days (p = 0.213).  Researchers concluded that individuals with ADHD had a higher risk of prolonged concussion recovery lasting greater than 30 days. Also, carrying the rare allele was associated with prolonged recovery, which suggests this SNP could be a potential genetic marker for both prolonged concussion recovery and the presence of ADHD.

scholarly journals Analytical Review of Approaches in the Study and Correction of Behavioral Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Evidence from Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-18
Author(s):  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
А. Chizhova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Russian Medical

The article presents the overview of foreign and Russian behavioral disorder studies (e.g ADHD) in children and teens. Four approaches to the diagnosis and correction of ADHD in children and adolescents are identified: Anglo-Saxon (biomedical), French (socio-psychological), Russian (medical-psychological and neuropsychological), Asian (educational). Prospects on the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of behavioral disorders and their correction (medication, neuropsychological, psychotherapeutic, etc.) indicated.

scholarly journals Dickkopf-1 Inhibition Reactivates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Rhabdomyosarcoma, Induces Myogenic Markers In Vitro and Impairs Tumor Cell Survival In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12921
Author(s):  
Irina Giralt ◽  
Gabriel Gallo-Oller ◽  
Natalia Navarro ◽  
Patricia Zarzosa ◽  
Guillem Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Myogenic Markers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dickkopf 1 ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a pivotal role during embryogenesis and its deregulation is a key mechanism in the origin and progression of several tumors. Wnt antagonists have been described as key modulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer, with Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) being the most studied member of the DKK family. Although the therapeutic potential of DKK-1 inhibition has been evaluated in several diseases and malignancies, little is known in pediatric tumors. Only a few works have studied the genetic inhibition and function of DKK-1 in rhabdomyosarcoma. Here, for the first time, we report the analysis of the therapeutic potential of DKK-1 pharmaceutical inhibition in rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. We performed DKK-1 inhibition via shRNA technology and via the chemical inhibitor WAY-2626211. Its inhibition led to β-catenin activation and the modulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), with positive effects on in vitro expression of myogenic markers and a reduction in proliferation and invasion. In addition, WAY-262611 was able to impair survival of tumor cells in vivo. Therefore, DKK-1 could constitute a molecular target, which could lead to novel therapeutic strategies in RMS, especially in those patients with high DKK-1 expression.

scholarly journals mHealth in the Wild: Using Novel Data to Examine the Reach, Use, and Impact of PTSD Coach

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E Owen ◽  
Beth K Jaworski ◽  
Eric Kuhn ◽  
Kerry N Makin-Byrd ◽  
Kelly M Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
User Reviews ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Mobile Mental Health ◽  
First Time

Background A majority of Americans (58%) now use smartphones, making it possible for mobile mental health apps to reach large numbers of those who are living with untreated, or under-treated, mental health symptoms. Although early trials suggest positive effects for mobile health (mHealth) interventions, little is known about the potential public health impact of mobile mental health apps. Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize reach, use, and impact of “PTSD Coach”, a free, broadly disseminated mental health app for managing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods Using a mixed-methods approach, aggregate mobile analytics data from 153,834 downloads of PTSD Coach were analyzed in conjunction with 156 user reviews. Results Over 60% of users engaged with PTSD Coach on multiple occasions (mean=6.3 sessions). User reviews reflected gratitude for the availability of the app and being able to use the app specifically during moments of need. PTSD Coach users reported relatively high levels of trauma symptoms (mean PTSD Checklist Score=57.2, SD=15.7). For users who chose to use a symptom management tool, distress declined significantly for both first-time users (mean=1.6 points, SD=2.6 on the 10-point distress thermometer) and return-visit users (mean=2.0, SD=2.3). Analysis of app session data identified common points of attrition, with only 80% of first-time users reaching the app’s home screen and 37% accessing one of the app’s primary content areas. Conclusions These findings suggest that PTSD Coach has achieved substantial and sustained reach in the population, is being used as intended, and has been favorably received. PTSD Coach is a unique platform for the delivery of mobile mental health education and treatment, and continuing evaluation and improvement of the app could further strengthen its public health impact.

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