DEVELOPMENT AND DIAPAUSE IN PLEOLOPHUS BASIZONUS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Diapause Incidence

AbstractThe upper limit for continuous development of Pleolophus basizonus lies between 25° and 30 °C since all stages develop at the former temperature and larval mortality is complete at the latter temperature. The lower limit lies between 5.5° and 10 °C, since an eonymphal diapause occurs at 5.5 °C. Between these extremes, diapause incidence varies inversely with temperature. The photoperiod experience of the parent has no effect on diapause in the progeny when the latter are reared at 15° and 18 °C, but there is an inverse relation between parental photoperiod experience and progeny diapause incidence at 10 °C. Although larvae and pupae also survive 3 months at 2 °C, most individuals probably overwinter in eonymphal diapause and their diapause requirements are fulfilled in 3 weeks at 2 °C. The incidence and rate of post-diapause development is directly related to temperature.

PNN and BP Neural Network Fault Diagnosis Research on Electronic Accelerator Pedal Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Yuxiu Jiang ◽  
Xiaohuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Electronic Throttle ◽  
Measured Voltage ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Network Fault

Background: The working state of electronic accelerator pedal directly affects the safety of vehicles and drivers. Effective fault detection and judgment for the working state of the accelerator pedal can prevent accidents. Methods: Aiming at different working conditions of electronic accelerator pedal, this paper used PNN and BP diagnosis model to detect the state of electronic accelerator pedal according to the principle and characteristics of PNN and BP neural network. The fault diagnosis test experiment of electronic accelerator pedal was carried out to get the data acquisition. Results: After the patents for electronic accelerator pedals are queried and used, the first measured voltage, the upper limit of first voltage, the first voltage lower limit, the second measured voltage, the upper limit of second voltage and the second voltage lower limit are tested to build up the data samples. Then the PNN and BP fault diagnosis models of electronic accelerator pedal are established. Six fault samples are defined through the design of electronic accelerator pedal fault classifier and the fault diagnosis processes are executed to test. Conclusion: The fault diagnosis results were analyzed and the comparisons between the PNN and the BP research results show that BP neural network is an effective method for fault detection of electronic throttle pedal, which is obviously superior to PNN neural network based on the experiment data.

The Excavation of Eighteen Round Barrows near Shrewton, Wiltshire.

1984 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 255-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Green ◽  
Stephen Rollo-Smith ◽  
Elisabeth Crowfoot ◽  
Calvin Wells
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Linear Groups ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Village

The excavation of eighteen round barrows was undertaken by the late Charles Green during summer seasons from 1958 to 1960, in advance of their destruction by ploughing. The excavated barrows are members of two linear groups which occupy adjacent spurs to the east of the village of Shrewton in the modern parish of that name (fig. 1). One of the barrows investigated lies in Winterbourne Stoke parish. This western part of Salisbury Plain is termed the ‘Lower Plain’ comprising those areas having their ‘upper limit… between 400 and 450 feet OD and their lower limit where they overlook the valley trenches … between 250 and 300 feet O.D.’ (Gifford 1957, 6). In such a lower valley lie the modern villages of Shrewton and Rollestone, and through it flows the river Till, the nearest modern open water supply to the barrows. This connects the area to the River Avon via the Wylye and Nadder.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP LAMA TIDUR BAYI DI DESA DUWET KECAMATAN WONOSARI KABUPATEN KLATEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsini Warsini ◽  
Dyah Nugraini
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
The Village

Background: Even the oldest massage is an activity used by humans to expelfatigue and stress. Lack of information and knowledge of parents of massage,makes many parents think a massage is not a scientific and natural form oftherapy for infants. Most mothers believe massage is necessary only when theirchild had flu and colds.Purpose of the study: To determine the effect of infant massage on infant sleepduration in the village of Duwet, Wonosari Subdistrict, Klaten Regency.The subject: The population in this study is a baby in the village of DuwetWonosari District of Klaten regency totaling 45 babies. Samples that met thestudy criteria and amounted to 20 babies. The sampling technique is simplerandom sampling.Methods: The data collection is done by the experimental method is bymeasuring how much sleep babies after intervention. Data were analyzed usingstatistical tests Independent t-test.The results: Long sleep in infants that give the infant massage is known that atleast 11 hours and a maximum of 18 hours with an average bed is 15.90 hours.Long sleep in infants who were not given the infant massage is known at least 12hours and a maximum of 17 hours with an average bed is 13.90 hours. Statisticalanalysis showed p: 3.967 with an upper limit 0.047 and lower limit 0.33.Conclusion: There is a statistically significant effect of infant massage with infantsleep duration (p: 3.967 with an upper limit 0.047 and lower limit 0.33).Keywords: infant massage, infant sleep duration

Runner System Design Optimization for Multigated and Multicavity Injection Molds

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
System Design ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
System Design Optimization

Abstract Runner system design for injection molds with multiple gates or multiple cavities often requires iterative analyses for optimized results, because the gate locations or cavity shapes may not be naturally balanced. In addition, in molds with symmetrical layouts, the required injection pressure may be unnecessarily high if the runners are poorly sized. In this paper, a scheme for quickly optimizing runner system design is presented. The objective of design optimization is to minimize the required injection pressure within the design space defined by a given total runner volume. Each runner segment can be given an upper limit and lower limit to define the range of runner cross sectional dimensional size. Application examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme.

scholarly journals Multifrequency Observations of the Jet of 3C 273

1994 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
H.-J. Röser ◽  
K. Meisenheimer ◽  
M. Neumann ◽  
R.G. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Background Model ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Radio Frequencies ◽  
Quasar 3C 273 ◽  
Good Agreement

Previously we have studied the jet of the quasar 3C 273 at optical and radio frequencies. In our first set of X-ray data with 17.2 ksec integration time obtained with the ROSAT HRI, the jet is easily visible extending out from the bright quasar core. The total number of counts in the jet lies in the range 200 to 300, depending on the details of the background model. This corresponds to an X-ray flux fv(2.9 × 1017 Hz) = 65 … 140 nJy (lower limit, synchrotron radiation α = −0.8 … upper limit, bremsstrahlung α = 0, NHI = 1.8 × 1020 cm−2), in good agreement with the value derived from the EINSTEIN observations.

Problems of High Speed Flight as Affected by Compressibility

1938 ◽  
Vol 42 (327) ◽  
pp. 193-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. H. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Upper Limit

My lecture deals with the effect of the compressibility of air on bodies moving through it at speeds ranging from the velocity of sound (710 m.p.h. at high altitude) as an upper limit to a lower limit ranging roughly from half to threequarters the velocity of sound. Somewhere within this range will commence a very rapid increase of the drag coefficient of an aircraft as a result of the formation of local shock waves.

A Study on Bandwidth and Performance Limitations of Array Vibration Harvester Configurations

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Aboulfotoh ◽  
Jens Twiefel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Capability

Abstract Many researchers introduced an array of generators for broadband energy harvesting. The array has been studied in comparison to a single element from this array, but never compared to a single reference harvester with same volume as the whole array. This paper presents a theoretical study of evaluating the performance of the array harvester in comparison to the reference harvester. Power from the reference harvester as well as from the array is analytically calculated. The array is compared to the reference harvester when loaded by their optimal resistances which provide maximum power capability. The comparison is divided into two sections: firstly when the elements of the array are tuned to resonate at matching frequencies and secondly when they are tuned to non-matching resonance frequencies. The comparisons lead to two significant limits of the working bandwidth of the array: the lower and the upper limit. Between the two limits, the power produced from the array is less than the reference harvester, but with a small additional bandwidth. Below the lower limit, the array has no advantage over the reference harvester. Above the upper limit, output power of the array is inconsistent. Hence, design guidelines for the array are provided.

scholarly journals Upper-limit power for self-guided propagation of intense lasers in underdense plasma

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Min Wang ◽  
Zheng-Ming Sheng ◽  
Yu-Tong Li ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Laser Spot Size ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Guided Propagation ◽  
Underdense Plasma ◽  
Limit Power

AbstractIt is found that there is an upper-limit critical power for self-guided propagation of intense lasers in plasma in addition to the well-known lower-limit critical power set by the relativistic effect. Above this upper-limit critical power, the laser pulse experiences defocusing due to expulsion of local plasma electrons by the transverse ponderomotive force. Associated with the upper-limit power, a lower-limit critical plasma density is also found for a given laser spot size, below which self-focusing does not occur for any laser power. Both the upper-limit power and the lower-limit density are derived theoretically and verified by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The present study provides new guidance for experimental designs, where self-guided propagation of lasers is essential.

Upper limit on beauty lifetime and lower limit on weak mixing angles

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bartel ◽  
D. Cords ◽  
P. Dittmann ◽  
R. Eichler ◽  
R. Felst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Weak Mixing ◽  
Mixing Angles ◽  
Upper Limit

scholarly journals Measuring distances to Galactic SNRs using the red clump stars

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (S331) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
S. S. Shan ◽  
D. Wu ◽  
H. Zhu ◽  
M. F. Zhang ◽  
W. W. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Optical Extinction ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Standard Candle ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Red Clump ◽  
Evolutional Process ◽  
Distance Relation

AbstractReliable distances to Galactic Supernova remnants (SNRs) are essential to constrain parameters that reveal the evolutional process of SNRs. We carry out a project to measure SNRs’ distances in the first quadrant of the Galaxy. In this project, red clump stars (RCS) are used as standard candle to build the optical extinction (AV)-(D) distance relation in each direction of extinction-known SNRs. Here, G5.7-0.01, G54.1+0.3 and G78.2+2.1 are taken as typical examples. We obtain the distance of 3−0.3+0.4 kpc for G5.7-0.01, the lower limit of 5.8 kpc for G54.1+0.3, the upper limit of 2 kpc for G5.7-0.01. The results are consistent with distances from kinematic measurements. Hence, we highlight the RCS method can independently trace the distance to the SNRs.

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