Theoretical and Experimental Profiles of Fiber Fineness and Maturity Using the Shirley Micromat and the Zellweger Uster Advanced Fiber Information System Module

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart G. Gordon ◽  
Joseph G. Montalvo ◽  
Sherman E. Faught ◽  
Robert T. Grimball ◽  
Terry A. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
System Module ◽  
Replicate Measurements ◽  
Southern Regional

Past research has demonstrated that the fundamental properties of wall thickness and perimeter, computed from the fmt (Micromat model) readings, produce better correlations with the Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) near-infrared high volume instrumentation (nir hvi) than similar property data from the afis fineness and maturity module. (The nir hvi analyzes about 3,000,000 fibers or 30 g, the Micromat 400,000 fibers or 4 g, and the afis 5000 fibers or 0.05 g, a single fiber at a time.) To help understand these differences in correlation, we probe the random and systematic variations in the Micromat and afis data using appropriate data analysis techniques. We present descriptive statistics and an internal correlation of paired means from replicate measurements, and we compare the fit of wall thickness versus perimeter with the expected theoretical fit. Preliminary results suggest that the Micromat is more robust in representing changes in mean wall thickness and perimeter values. Direct comparison of wall thickness and perimeter from each method shows that although the relationships are highly significant, the values are different.

Studies to Measure Cotton Fibre Length, Strength, Micronaire and Colour by Vis/NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy. Part I: Descriptive Statistics of Fibre Properties and Reflectance Spectra

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Montalvo ◽  
Sherman E. Faught ◽  
Harmon H. Ramey ◽  
Steven E. Buco
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Fibre Property ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy

Fibre property data representing the 1989 and 1990 crop years and its reflectance spectra are analysed using standard error, regression and correlation analysis. The six properties of interest are upper-half mean length, uniformity index, strength and micronaire measured on two high volume instrument systems placed side-by-side, and colour (Rd and +b) measured by the traditional lab system. Visible (vis) and near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra are observed on a scanning spectrophotometer, and span the 400–2500 nm range. Three findings highlight the research. One, a diagnostic test is presented to decide, a priori of reflectance spectroscopy, the degree to which the mean property values have reduced random error. Two, the standard error of replicate spectra provides a way to probe the fibre mass in the diffuse reflectance optical path. The spectral error is strongly influenced by both how the cotton is packed into the spectrophotometric cell and the non-homogeneity of the sample. And three, correlations between the spectra confirm that some visible and NIR wavelength regions contain mutually exclusive information about the properties of this natural staple.

scholarly journals Optimization and Development of High-Strength High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5289-5293 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
High Volume Fly Ash

Cement is the most abundantly used ingredient in the production of concrete due to which its production and use has increased manifold. To reduce the carbon footprint left by the cement production, fly ash is used as cement replacement in concrete. Past research studies suggest that the fly ash replacement can be upto 40% beyond which there will be drastic reduction of strength. In the present study, high strength concrete mix of 70 grade is developed with high volume fly ash of 70% as cement replacement. Silica fume of 10% and hydraulic lime of 30% are used as additives in the development of M70 grade high-strength high-volume fly ash concrete. In the present paper, three types of fly ashes are considered for the study of which one which is ultrafine is chosen based on the pozzolanic index and strength activity index. Excess lime needed for various percentage of fly ashes is evaluated based on the empirical equationsgiven by the Dunstan Jr andZayed

scholarly journals New spectro-photometric characterization of the substellar object HR 2562 B using SPHERE

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. A92 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mesa ◽  
J.-L. Baudino ◽  
B. Charnay ◽  
V. D’Orazi ◽  
S. Desidera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Speckle Noise ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Very Large Telescope ◽  
Integral Field Spectrograph

Aims. HR 2562 is an F5V star located at ~33 pc from the Sun hosting a substellar companion that was discovered using the Gemini planet imager (GPI) instrument. The main objective of the present paper is to provide an extensive characterization of the substellar companion, by deriving its fundamental properties. Methods. We observed HR 2562 with the near-infrared branch composed by the integral field spectrograph (IFS) and the infrared dual band spectrograph (IRDIS) of the spectro-polarimetric high-contrast exoplanet research (SPHERE) instrument at the very large telescope (VLT). During our observations IFS was operating in the Y J band, while IRDIS was observing with the H broadband filter. The data were reduced with the dedicated SPHERE GTO pipeline, which is custom designed for this instrument. On the reduced images, we then applied the post-processing procedures that are specifically prepared to subtract the speckle noise. Results. The companion is clearly detected in both IRDIS and IFS datasets. We obtained photometry in three different spectral bands. The comparison with template spectra allowed us to derive a spectral type of T2–T3 for the companion. Using both evolutionary and atmospheric models we inferred the main physical parameters of the companion obtaining a mass of 32 ± 14 MJup, Teff = 1100 ± 200 K, and log g = 4.75 ± 0.41.

The relationship between instrumental leaf grade and Shirley Analyzer trash content in cotton lint

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1098
Author(s):  
Yongliang Liu ◽  
Christopher Delhom
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Type Size ◽  
International Trading ◽  
The Relationship

With the increasing acceptance of high volume instrument (HVI™) instrumental leaf grade index in both domestic and international trading, there is a continued interest in the relationship between instrumental leaf grade and equivalent trash gravimetric content (% percent by mass) from cotton customers and regulators. Due to the complexity of not only trash type, size, and its weight distribution but also the nature of HVI and gravimetric methods, it is an on-going challenge to examine such a relationship. In this study, the Shirley Analyzer (SA) was used to determine the gravimetric cotton trash in percent by mass (%). This system is the traditional cotton trash reference method that is still utilized as a routine tool in the cotton industry, despite being a destructive process that is both labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study first investigated the correlations between three SA trash readings ( SAvisible, SAinvisible, and SAtotal) and respective leaf grade categories, and it revealed a general trend of increasing SAvisible and SAtotal trash content with elevating leaf grade. Then, comparison of SAvisible trash content in the current study to that in separate studies indicated a good agreement for low leaf grade cottons (<4). Next, the principal component analysis of near infrared spectra from SAvisible trash portions revealed a different pattern in PC1 score between low leaf grade (1–4) and high leaf grade (5 and 6) SA visible trash remains, implying a general change of more leaf-related trash in low leaf grade cottons to more non-leaf-related trash in high leaf grade cottons.

The Application of Localisation to near Infrared Calibration and Prediction through Partial Least Squares Regression

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Anderssen ◽  
B.G. Osborne ◽  
I.J. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Simultaneous Fitting ◽  
Input Sample ◽  
Sample Property

Near infrared (NIR) calibration and prediction represents a strategy for solving the inverse problem of determining the input sample property from its output NIR spectrum. The spectrum is an indirect measurement of the property that has been smoothed, leading to a loss of information. As a result, small changes in the spectra can, on occasions, correspond to large changes in the property. However, the well-established mathematical theory of regularisation has been developed for the solution of indirect measurement and inverse problems. Regularisation seeks an approximation to the input that simultaneously forces the model output to agree closely with the observed output and guarantees that appropriate constraints about the behaviour of the input are satisfied. In partial least squares regression, this is achieved through the simultaneous fitting of a model to the measured spectra and another to the property data, with the models coupled through the same set of regression factors. It is this idea that must be carried over to localisation in order to transform it into a stabilised algorithm. In other words, localisation should be carried out with respect to both the spectrum and the property. This paper presents a theoretical basis for this concept together with the results of simulation experiments that compares the effects of localisation with respect to both the spectra and the property with spectrum only and property only localisation.

Silicon quantum dots with heavily boron and phosphorus codoped shell

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (35) ◽  
pp. 4375-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Fujii ◽  
Hiroshi Sugimoto ◽  
Shinya Kano
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Silicon Quantum Dots ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Infrared Luminescence

Heavily boron and phosphorus codoped silicon quantum dots (QDs) are dispersible in water without organic ligands and exhibit near infrared luminescence. We summarize the fundamental properties and demonstrate the formation of a variety of nanocomposites.

Measurement comparison of cotton fiber micronaire and its components by portable near infrared spectroscopy instruments

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Rodgers ◽  
Jimmy Zumba ◽  
Chanel Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Cotton Fiber Quality ◽  
Fiber Processing ◽  
Universal Nature

Micronaire is a key cotton fiber quality assessment property, and changes in fiber micronaire can impact fiber processing and dyeing consistency. Micronaire is a function of two fiber components—maturity and fineness. Historically, micronaire is measured in a laboratory under tightly controlled environmental conditions. There is increased interest by the cotton and textile industry to measure key fiber properties both in the laboratory and in-field (non-controlled conditions), using small portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy instruments. A program was implemented to determine the feasibility of using portable NIR instruments to monitor fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness. Prior to outside the laboratory measurements (field, warehouse, etc.), laboratory feasibility was performed to assess the NIR instruments’ capabilities. Comparative evaluations for fiber micronaire, maturity, and fineness were performed on three portable NIR instruments. Instrumental, sampling, and operational procedures and protocols for each instrument were established. Although representing different measurement technologies, very good spectral agreement was observed between the portable NIR instruments and a bench-top NIR unit used as a comparison. Rapid (less than 3 minutes per sample), easy to use, and accurate measurements of fiber micronaire and maturity were achieved, with regressions ( R values) greater than 0.85, low residuals, and a low number of outliers observed for each NIR instrument. Improvements are required for the accurate measurement of fiber fineness by portable NIR instruments. Thus, for well-defined cotton fiber samples, the universal nature of the NIR measurement of cotton fiber micronaire and maturity by portable NIR instruments was validated.

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