Housing trajectories of immigrants and their children in France: Between integration and stratification

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2021-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Acolin
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Housing Trajectories

Immigrants have been found to exhibit different housing tenure patterns from the rest of the population in a number of contexts. This article tests whether observed differences in tenure in France can be explained by differences in socio-demographic characteristics or whether unexplained differences might result from housing market mechanisms that affect immigrants differentially from the rest of the population, and extends this to the second generation. The article relies on data from TeO, a survey of 21,761 persons designed to oversample and identify immigrants and their children, providing information about the outcomes of children of immigrants that is otherwise lacking in French statistics. The results indicate that while immigrants are significantly less likely to be homeowners, even after controlling for compositional difference, the gap in homeownership between the second generation and the rest of the population is smaller and not statistically significant. This suggests a progressive integration in the housing market over time and over generations rather than overall stratified housing trajectories. Differences in terms of the share of social housing residents, the level of residential crowding, and housing and neighbourhood characteristics also decline across generations. However, children of immigrants from some non-European origins are experiencing higher levels of stratification than other groups, with continued significant differences in tenure.

Are there Diverging Time Trends in the Educational Attainment of Nationals and Second Generation Immigrants? / Unterscheiden sich die Trends in der Entwicklung des Bildungserfolges von Einheimischen und Zuwanderern der zweiten Generation?

2005 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina T. Riphahn
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Covariate Effects ◽  
Labor Market Success ◽  
German Socioeconomic Panel ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe educational attainment of second generation immigrants is of crucial importance for their subsequent labor market success in Germany. While the schooling outcomes of Germans improved in recent decades, German-born children of immigrants did not partake in this development. The paper applies representative data from the Mikrozensus and the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) to investigate the development and determinants of educational attainment of immigrant youth. Even after controlling for covariate effects, the time trends in the educational attainment of nationals and second generation immigrants deviate. These different developments over time seem to be related to the changing nationality composition of second generation immigrants in Germany.

scholarly journals Rumlig koncentration af etniske minoriteter i Danmark

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Hans Skifter Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Ethnic Network ◽  
Over Time

Som i andre lande er der i Danmark i takt med indvandringen opstået byområder med en stor andel etniske minoriteter og få danskere. I den internationale litteratur om etnisk segregation peges der på tre hovedårsager til dette: indvandrernes adfærd, de ”indfødtes” adfærd og segregeringsmekanismer på boligmarkedet. I Danmark hænger koncentrationen både sammen med forholdene på boligmarkedet og med, at danskerne fravælger byområder med mange etniske minoriteter. Koncentrationen fandt især sted i 1990’erne og er stagneret efter år 2000. Der er tre årsager til denne udvikling: at indvandringen har ændret karakter mod flere arbejdskraftindvandrere og færre familiesammenførte og asylsøgere, at kommunerne gennem bypolitikken har påvirket tilflytningen til de indvandrertætte områder, og at mange af de tidligere indvandrede har forladt den almene sektor og områderne. Udviklingen er i overensstemmelse med den såkaldte ”Spatial assimilation” teori, som tilsiger, at nye indvandrere ved indvandringstidspunktet bosætter sig i byområder med et stærkt etnisk socialt netværk, men at de over tid forlader disse områder igen. Artiklen er baseret på et longitudinalt studie af etniske minoriteters bosætning i Danmark siden 1985. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Hans Skifter Andersen: Spatial Concentration of Ethnic Minorities in Denmark There are neighbourhoods in Denmark with a high concentration of (certain) ethnic minorities and few Danes, as in other Western European countries. International research about ethnic segregation suggests three main reasons for this: 1. the behaviour of immigrants, 2. the behaviour of natives and 3. the housing market. In Denmark the concentration is closely connected to the housing market, where ethnic minorities have been concentrated in social housing, which often have been located in certain neighbourhoods. Another major reason is that many Danes deselect neighbourhoods with many ethnic minorities. This concentration started in the 1990s but stagnated after 2000 despite further immigration. The reasons can in part be due to changes in the composition of immigrants and the success of urban policies in counteracting segregation, but also as documented in the article, that many earlier immigrants have left social housing. The development in Denmark resembles that described by the so-called ”Spatial assimilation” theory, which claims that new immigrants settle in neighbourhoods with a strong ethnic network, but that over time they leave these areas in pace with their integration in their new country. Keywords: ethnic segregation and concentration, spatial assimilation.

Language and the Second Generation: Bilingualism Yesterday and Today

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Portes ◽  
Richard Schauffler
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Occupational Aspirations ◽  
Ethnic Concentration ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Residential Locations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Generation Children

The language adaptation of second generation children is explored in the context of the history of linguistic absorption and bilingualism in America. Strong nativist pressures toward monolingualism have commonly led to the extinction of immigrant languages in two or three generations. Contemporary fears of loss of English dominance are based on rapid immigration during recent decades and the emergence of linguistic enclaves in several cities around the country. This article explores the extent of language transition and the resilience of immigrant languages on the basis of data from south Florida, one of the areas most heavily affected by contemporary immigration. Results from a sample of 2,843 children of immigrants in the area indicate that: 1) knowledge of English is near universal; 2) preference for English is almost as high, even among children educated in immigrant-sponsored bilingual schools; 3) preservation of parental languages varies inversely with length of U.S. residence and residential locations away from areas of ethnic concentration. Hypotheses about other determinants of bilingualism are examined in a multivariate framework. The relationships of bilingualism to educational attainment and educational and occupational aspirations are also explored.

Changing Attitudes Toward Women: A Longitudinal Study of College Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Etaugh ◽  
Deborah Bohn Spandikow
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Shift Hypothesis ◽  
Over Time

Cross sectional data indicate that college students show more liberal attitudes toward women with increasing years of college attendance. This shift may reflect intraindividual change or simply differential dropout of more traditionally oriented students. To study this problem longitudinally, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale was administered to 430 university students who had completed the same questionnaire 2 years earlier. Attitudes toward women generally became more liberal over time for both male and female students, supporting the intraindividual shift hypothesis. For both sexes, attitudes involving women's educational-vocational rights became more liberal than those involving women's marital and maternal responsibilities. Socio-demographic characteristics of subjects who became more traditional were compared with those of subjects who became more liberal.

Failed Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Valenzuela Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Housing Needs

A confluence between the state, the housing market, and the rationale of financial capital has led to excessive growth of social housing in Mexico in the past two decades. This growth has been one way of channeling excess capital into global financial markets rather than the result of a public policy to address the housing needs of the low-income population. Durante las últimas dos décadas la confluencia entre el estado, el mercado de la vivienda y la lógica del capital financiero ha llevado a un crecimiento excesivo de la vivienda social en México. Este crecimiento ha sido una manera de canalizar el excedente de capital hacia los mercados financieros internacionales en vez del resultado de una política pública para resolver las necesidades de vivienda de la población de bajos ingresos.

Changes in consumption of food away from home and intakes of energy and other nutrients among US working-age adults, 2005–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 3238-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E Todd
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Food Away From Home ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectiveTo document changes in consumption of food away from home (FAFH) and intakes of selected nutrients by working-age adults between 2005–06 and 2013–14, covering the most recent recessionary period and recovery.DesignMeans were compared across survey rounds relative to 2005–06. Multivariate regression was used to account for changes in demographic characteristics over time.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2014.SubjectsWorking-age adults born in 1951–80 (n 12 129) and adolescents and young adults born in 1981–90 (n 5197) who reported day 1 dietary intake data.ResultsApproximately 34 % of energy consumed by working-age adults came from FAFH (14 % from fast foods) in 2005–06. Levels of FAFH consumption were lowest in 2009–10, at 28 and 11 % of energy from FAFH and fast foods, respectively. Percentage of energy from fast foods was 1·9 percentage points higher in 2013–14. Percentage of energy from saturated fat and total mg of cholesterol consumed were lower in 2009–14, while intake of fibre was higher in 2011–14. At-home foods had less saturated fat and more fibre in 2009–14. The greater the percentage of energy from FAFH in the day, the greater the intakes of fat and cholesterol. Percentage of energy from FAFH was highest among those born in 1981–90 and lowest among those born in 1951–60.ConclusionsFAFH is a significant source of energy, fat and cholesterol among working-age adults. Menu labelling may lower FAFH’s energy content and make it easier for consumers to choose more healthful items.

scholarly journals Paid employment and common mental disorders in 50–64-year olds: analysis of three cross-sectional nationally representative survey samples in 1993, 2000 and 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
G. Perera ◽  
G. Di Gessa ◽  
L. M. Corna ◽  
K. Glaser ◽  
R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Over Time

Aims.Associations between employment status and mental health are well recognised, but evidence is sparse on the relationship between paid employment and mental health in the years running up to statutory retirement ages using robust mental health measures. In addition, there has been no investigation into the stability over time in this relationship: an important consideration if survey findings are used to inform future policy. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between employment status and common mental disorder (CMD) in 50–64-year old residents in England and its stability over time, taking advantage of three national mental health surveys carried out over a 14-year period.Methods.Data were analysed from the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000 and 2007. Paid employment status was the primary exposure of interest and CMD the primary outcome – both ascertained identically in all three surveys (CMD from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule). Multivariable logistic regression models were used.Results.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment across all survey years; however, this association was only present for non-employment related to poor health as an outcome and was not apparent in those citing other reasons for non-employment. Odds ratios for the association between non-employment due to ill health and CMD were 3.05 in 1993, 3.56 in 2000, and 2.80 in 2007, after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, education, social class, housing tenure, financial difficulties, smoking status, recent physical health consultation and activities of daily living impairment.Conclusions.The prevalence of CMD was higher in people not in paid employment for health reasons, but was not associated with non-employment for other reasons. Associations had been relatively stable in strength from 1993 to 2007 in those three cross-sectional nationally representative samples.

scholarly journals Marketing, management and financial providing of affordable housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-230
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ianchuk ◽  
Olga Garafonova ◽  
Yuliia Panimash ◽  
Dariusz Pawliszczy
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Per Capita

Today’s rising housing prices in most countries worldwide have caused increasable attention to the problem of affordable housing. It is a social or ethical issue and an essential economic direction. Thus, affordable housing has great potential, influencing economic growth, labor forces, innovation, sustainable development, and an inclusive economy. Systematization of informational sources, theoretical and practical approaches for providing affordable housing, and assessing social housing needs indicated many views on this problem among scholars and policymakers. That is why marketing, management, and financial providing of affordable housing are significant mainstreams. The research aims to investigate marketing and management fundamentals of providing affordable housing in connection with funding aspects based on cross-country analysis. For achieving this target, key trends of housing market segmentation were analyzed, considering the distribution of the population by tenure status and analytical house price indicators using the data of the statistical office of the EU, the World Bank, and the OECD. The ways to promote more affordable housing by public and local authorities, private investors in affordable housing, and specific social and affordable housing market organizations were described. Main organizational forms of providing affordable and social housing were also characterized. Particular attention was paid to strategic planning for affordable and social housing, especially housing business plans or affordable housing strategy development as a priority step in marketing, management, and financial providing affordable housing. A SWOT analysis for affordable housing developments was used to show strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the affordable housing market. To empirically confirm some relevant strengths, the impact of indicators of financial providing of affordable housing was formalized based on correlation analysis (calculating Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients with time lags based on results of Shapiro-Wilk testing) and construction of Arellano–Bond linear dynamic panel-data regression model with checking the Sargan test of overidentifying restrictions (the sample from 25 EU countries for 2011–2019) using the Excel 2010 and STATA 14.2 software. The dynamic model made it possible to consider the share of affordable housing owners with mortgage or loan or the share of tenants, rent affordable housing at a reduced price or free. The value of GDP of the previous period affects the current situation (due to introducing lag variables and using instrumental variables or the generalized method of moments (GMM) to obtain adequate estimates). The hypothesis that an increase of 1% of the share of affordable housing owners with mortgage or loan causes the rise in GDP per capita of an average of 0.44% with a two-year time lag was empirically confirmed. An increase of 1% of the share of tenants, rent-free housing or affordable housing at the reduced price, causes the decrease of GDP per capita of an average of 0.5% with a two-year time lag. It was substantiated that governments should continue and improve their policies for financing social and affordable housing. At the same time, they should prefer affordable mortgage lending programs over programs of reduced or free rental housing. The results of this research confirm the significant drivers of policies and practices devoted to affordable and social housing, such as marketing, management, and financial providing. The presented recommendations are useful for scholars interested in this scientific field of research, public and local authorities, investors in affordable housing, and specific affordable and social housing organizations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Housing Market Dynamics Considering the Structural Characteristics of Mortgage Interest

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10523
Author(s):  
Insoo Baek ◽  
Sanghyo Lee ◽  
Joosung Lee ◽  
Jaejun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mortgage Loan ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Government

Mortgage loan interest rates consists of base interest and spread. In general, the base interest is adjusted by the government for the sustainability of the housing market. On the other hand, spread is determined by market mechanisms. Accordingly, the change pattern of base interest and spread may appear differently depending on the market situation. In the end, the effect of the government’s market intervention through interest rate policy may be different than expected. In this respect, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of base interest and spread of the mortgage loan interest rate on the housing market and to derive important policy implications for the sustainability of the housing market. As a result of this study, the ineffectiveness of the government’s interest rate policies on the stability of the housing market was confirmed. The market mechanisms had more significant effects on the sustainability of the housing market than artificial political intervention. Further, housing supply policies based on the market mechanism could be more effective than housing demand policies based on interest-rate adjustments.

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