The Long-Term Influence of Social Support on Academic Engagement Among Latino Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Elsaesser ◽  
Ryan D. Heath ◽  
Jong-Bae Kim ◽  
Alida Bouris
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Teacher Support ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Minority Adolescents

Latino youth are the fastest growing group of ethnic minority adolescents in the United States, but their educational needs remain underserved. Although research exploring academic engagement has expanded in recent years, the majority of research examining academic engagement among Latino youth has been cross-sectional. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the present investigation used a within-person and between-person analysis to examine the long-term influence of social support from teachers, family, and peers on academic engagement among a nationally representative sample of Latino adolescents. Findings indicated that between-person teacher support and family support were associated with higher academic engagement for all youth. In contrast, within-person teacher support was associated with higher academic engagement, but only for Mexican American youth. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Abuse in Later Life Perpetrated by Family Members

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Naomi Meinertz ◽  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Ron Acierno
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Abuse in later life could potentially lead to lower levels of social support, especially when perpetrated by family members who are charged with protecting the older adult in their care. Using both waves of the National Elder Mistreatment longitudinal data (wave one collected in 2008 and wave two in 2015; N=774), long-term effects of abuse (i.e., physical, emotional, sexual, and financial) on levels of social support, physical health, and clinical depressive symptoms for respondents at or above the age of 60 years were analyzed. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that respondents abused at wave one (n=261) by a family member (B=-0.55, p≤0.001), a spouse or ex-partner (B=-0.349, p=0.02), or a non-relative or stranger (B=-0.301, p=0.026) had lower levels of social support eight years later at wave two. Those abused by a family member at wave one also experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms at wave two (B=-0.187, p=0.01). Perpetrator type did not predict general health at wave two. These results emphasize the long-term impact of abuse on the lives of older adults and highlight the importance trusted relationships, such as with family members, have on older adult health and wellbeing.

Theoretical Mediators of Diabetes Risk and Quality of Life Following a Diabetes Prevention Program for Latino Youth With Obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110129
Author(s):  
Erica G. Soltero ◽  
Stephanie L. Ayers ◽  
Marvyn A. Avalos ◽  
Armando Peña ◽  
Allison N. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Family Social Support

Purpose: This study tested self-efficacy and social support for activity and dietary changes as mediators of changes in type 2 diabetes related outcomes following a lifestyle intervention among Latino youth. Setting and Intervention: Latino adolescents (14-16 years) with obesity (BMI% = 98.1 ± 1.4) were randomized to a 3-month intervention (n = 67) that fostered self-efficacy and social support through weekly, family-centered sessions or a comparison condition (n = 69). Measures: Primary outcomes included insulin sensitivity and weight specific quality of life. Mediators included self-efficacy, friend, and family social support for health behaviors. Data was collected at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. Analysis: Sequential path analysis was used to examine mediators as mechanisms by which the intervention influenced primary outcomes. Results: The intervention had a direct effect on family (β = 0.33, P < .01) and friend social support (β = 0.22, P < .001) immediately following the intervention (3-months). Increased family social support mediated the intervention’s effect on self-efficacy at 6-months (β = 0.09, P < .01). However, social support and self-efficacy did not mediate long-term changes in primary outcomes ( P > .05) at 12-months. Conclusions: Family social support may improve self-efficacy for health behaviors in high-risk Latino youth, highlighting the important role of family diabetes prevention. Fostering family social support is a critical intervention target and more research is needed to understand family-level factors that have the potential to lead to long-term metabolic and psychosocial outcome in vulnerable youth.

scholarly journals CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH: DOES GENDER MATTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S935-S935
Author(s):  
Patricia M Morton ◽  
Blakelee Kemp ◽  
Frass Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Abuse ◽  
Parental Abuse

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that child abuse is associated with poor adult mental health, but few have investigated the extent to which the frequency of different types of abuse increase mental health conditions, especially at the nexus of gender. The present study examines whether parental abuse frequency and abuse perpetrator have distinct effects for men and women on three mental health outcomes—depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and global self-reported mental health. Data came from three waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), comprising a baseline sample of 3,032 adults aged 25-74. Estimating a series of mixed effects models revealed that maternal abuse and frequent abuse during childhood were associated with poorer adult mental health during our 20-year observation period, net of childhood and adult risk factors. Specifically, maternal emotional abuse raised the risk of depression, anxiety, and lower self-rated mental health, and was more strongly associated with depression and anxiety for women than men. Compared to adults who did not experience parental abuse during childhood, adults who experienced frequent emotional and physical abuse by either parent were more likely to experience depression and anxiety and report lower ratings of mental health in adulthood. Frequent child abuse was more strongly associated with anxiety for women than men. These results demonstrate that gender differences in adult mental health have early-life antecedents. Future research investigating the long-term mental health consequences of child abuse should consider the type and magnitude of abuse as well as the perpetrator.

scholarly journals Stress and Coping: Latino Youth Coming of Age in a New Latino Destination

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Brietzke ◽  
Krista Perreira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Latino Adolescents ◽  
Latin American Immigrants ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
And Coping

Previous research has linked stress to adverse mental health outcomes among Latino adolescents living in the United States. The mechanism through which this process operates continues to be explored, especially in regions of the country where Latin American immigrants and their children have only recently begun to migrate. Our study aimed to contextualize the processes of stress and coping among Latino adolescents growing up in an emerging Latino destination in the United States—North Carolina. All adolescents in our study were either the first- or second-generation children of immigrants from Latin American countries, including Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, and Mexico. We used a longitudinal qualitative design, conducting in-depth interviews with 12 parent-adolescent dyads during each adolescent’s first year of high school (2006-2007) and approximately 4 years later (2009-2010). We identified four stress-coping trajectories that varied on the following dimensions: primary sources of stress, buffers countering these stressors, coping approaches, and the effects of these processes on adolescents’ striving for socioeconomic mobility. Our findings underscore the interplay between family, school, and community environments within an emerging Latino destination.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Hispanic Paradox: The Mortality Experience of Mexican Immigrants in Traditional Gateways and New Destinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fenelon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research suggests that favorable health outcomes among Mexican immigrants reflect high levels of social support in enclave communities with high co-ethnic density. This study examines the mortality outcomes of Mexican immigrants in the United States in traditional gateways versus new and minor destinations. Mexican immigrants in new and minor destinations have a significant survival advantage over those in traditional gateways, reflecting less established communities in new destinations. This finding casts doubt on the protective effects of enclaves, since non-traditional destinations have less established immigrant communities. Future research should reevaluate the relationship between community ethnic composition, social support, and immigrant health.

scholarly journals The race paradox in subjective wellbeing among older Americans

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENGYAN TANG ◽  
HEEJUNG JANG ◽  
MARY BETH RAUKTIS ◽  
DONALD MUSA ◽  
SCOTT BEACH
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Crossover Effect ◽  
Older Americans

ABSTRACTThis study aims to assess racial differences in subjective wellbeing (SWB) and to examine whether the pathways of social support and social engagement to SWB vary by racial groups in the United States of America. Using a local sample (N = 1,035) and a nationally representative sample of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7,718), we compared life satisfaction and happiness between non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks aged 55 and over. We evaluated the extent to which race, other socio-demographic characteristics, health, social engagement and social support explained the variances in SWB and examined the moderation effects of race on the relationships of SWB with age, social support and social engagement. Multiple regression analyses showed that non-Hispanic Blacks were at least as satisfied as, and even happier than White peers, after equalising social resources and health variables. Social support was significantly related to SWB, and it seemed that positive support was more important to Whites than to Blacks in predicting life satisfaction. In addition, the racial crossover effect existed, that is, the old-old (80+) Blacks were happier than their White peers. Findings indicate a national trend of the race paradox in SWB and underscore the importance of social support in promoting older adults’ wellbeing. Future research is recommended to investigate other potential mechanisms among Black older Americans to explain their relatively better SWB.

Learning Agility, Resilience, and Successful Derailment

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-324
Author(s):  
Paul R. Yost ◽  
CodieAnn DeHaas ◽  
Mackenzie Allison
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Learning Agility ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Resilience Capacity

“Learning Agility, Resilience, and Successful Derailment” discusses the practices that individuals and organizations can adopt to increase their short-term resilience in crisis, their long-term resilience capacity, and their ability to successfully navigate derailment. Short-term resilience practices include problem framing and identification, building a fence to focus energy, managing emotions, drawing on social networks, and promoting healthy practices. Long-term resilience strategies include envisioning possible futures, practicing bricolage, cue and reinforcer management, deepening social support, and reflection. Last, strategies to successfully navigate derailment are reviewed, including the key practices and lessons that allow a leader to grow from the experience. Throughout, the relationships between learning agility, resilience, and derailment are examined, including promising directions for future research.

Untangling the Racialization of Disabilities

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo J. Artiles
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Trajectories ◽  
Individual Structure ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sizable Number

AbstractThis article advances an intersectional perspective in the analysis of racial inequities in special education so that theoretical refinement of this problem will strengthen educational equity research and theory. Racial disproportionality in some disability categories continues to affect a sizable number of students in the United States, with dire long-term consequences for the educational trajectories of these learners. After more than four decades, the problem continues to be debated in research, practice, and policy circles. There is consensus among researchers that the racialization of disability embodies complexities that defy linear explanations. But this debate has overlooked the potential of intersectionality to document complexity and to transcend the individual-structure binary that tends to permeate previous scholarship. Indeed, intersectionality's explicit attention to how the complexity of people's everyday experiences is connected to larger historical processes could offer key insights. I analyze how disproportionality research has addressed the intersections of race and disability (along with other markers of oppression) through a contrapuntal reading of works framed with medical, social, and cultural disability models. I conclude with reflections for future research on racial disparities in special education that is mindful of intersectional complexity.

scholarly journals Barrios and Burbs: Residential Context and Health-Risk Behaviors among Angeleno Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reanne Frank ◽  
Magdalena Cerdá ◽  
Maria Rendón
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Latino Adolescents ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Residential Context

The increasing size of the Latino immigrant population in the United States underscores the need for a more complete understanding of the role that social context plays in influencing the health of immigrants and their children. This analysis explores the possibility that residential location influences the health-risk behaviors of Latino youth in Los Angeles County, California. The data come from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. We apply multivariate, multilevel Rasch models to two scales of adolescent health-risk behaviors (substance use and delinquency). The findings suggest that residence in Census tracts characterized by above-county-average levels of Latinos and above-county-average levels of poverty is associated with increased odds of health-risk behaviors for Latino adolescents, particularly for those born in the United States. The findings lend support to the contention, put forth in the segmented assimilation literature, that disadvantaged urban contexts increase the risk that U.S.-born children of immigrants will experience downward assimilation.

scholarly journals Air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: Strengths and limitations of an ecological regression analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
pp. eabd4049 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wu ◽  
R. C. Nethery ◽  
M. B. Sabath ◽  
D. Braun ◽  
F. Dominici
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ecological Regression

Assessing whether long-term exposure to air pollution increases the severity of COVID-19 health outcomes, including death, is an important public health objective. Limitations in COVID-19 data availability and quality remain obstacles to conducting conclusive studies on this topic. At present, publicly available COVID-19 outcome data for representative populations are available only as area-level counts. Therefore, studies of long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 outcomes using these data must use an ecological regression analysis, which precludes controlling for individual-level COVID-19 risk factors. We describe these challenges in the context of one of the first preliminary investigations of this question in the United States, where we found that higher historical PM2.5 exposures are positively associated with higher county-level COVID-19 mortality rates after accounting for many area-level confounders. Motivated by this study, we lay the groundwork for future research on this important topic, describe the challenges, and outline promising directions and opportunities.

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