Retrospective analysis of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica infections in a level IV hospital from Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552110609
Author(s):  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Wilfredo Flores-Paredes ◽  
Nestor Luque ◽  
Roger Albornoz ◽  
Nayade Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Automated Methods

This study retrospectively analysed the emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica in a level IV hospital in Lima, Peru. A total of 64 S. enterica from January 2009 to June 2010 (Period 1, 24 isolates) and January 2012 to December 2014 (Period 2, 40 isolates) were included. Some 25 were from non-hospitalized and 39 from hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents was established by automated methods. Most of the isolates were from blood (46.9%), urine (21.9%) and faeces (14.1%). There was a reduction in blood isolates in Period 2, while all the faecal isolates were from this period. In Period 1, only 3/24 (12.5%) isolates showed antibiotic resistance, whereas 25/39 isolates (64.1%) from Period 2 were antibiotic-resistant, with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant rates of 17.9% and 20.5%, respectively. Multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Salmonella isolates were introduced in the hospital in 2013, with Salmonella recovered from faeces from non-hospitalized patients suggested an increase in community-acquired multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Salmonella infections.

scholarly journals A Study of Isolation and Identification of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Wound Specimen

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Maria Muddassir ◽  
Sadaf Munir ◽  
Almas Raza ◽  
Adeel Iqbal ◽  
Muddassir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a clinically important pathogenic microbe in hospitalized patients. It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity having a number of mechanisms that make it antibiotic resistant. Considering the dearth of antimicrobial drugs to treat infection with this pathogen, it has become a necessity to open up new arena for treatment with this organism. Recently, there has been an up rise in the number of multidrug resistant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective: Isolation and identification of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from wound specimens and to evaluate the antibiotic resistant strains of this microbe. Methodology: One hundred and fifty clinical samples of wound were taken from hospitalized patients at Jinnah hospital Lahore during the period of October 2019 to April 2020. In total, twenty (20) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified using the cultural features, morphological characteristics and various biochemical tests plus the Vitek 2 system. Blue/green, brown /blue and yellow/green pigment production showed the presence and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in females came out to be 15% as compared to 11.42% in males. This was followed by testing susceptibility of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antimicrobial drugs. Piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem showed the highest efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Highest resistance was exhibited against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole which was 75%. Conclusion: Most isolates showed multidrug resistance to four or more drugs. Development of multidrug resistance has emerged as a global problem with pathogens commonly causing infections becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents.

Successful Treatment of Antibiotic-resistant, Poly-microbial Bone Infection With Bacteriophages and Antibiotics Combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2015-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Nir-Paz ◽  
Daniel Gelman ◽  
Ayman Khouri ◽  
Brittany M Sisson ◽  
Joseph Fackler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bone Infection ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Tissue Healing

Abstract A patient with a trauma-related left tibial infection associated with extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was treated with bacteriophages and antibiotics. There was rapid tissue healing and positive culture eradication. As a result, the patient’s leg did not have to be amputated and he is undergoing rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of a repurposed harmine-derived compound on extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Breine ◽  
Megane Van Gysel ◽  
Mathias Elsocht ◽  
Clemence Whiteway ◽  
Chantal Philippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Degree

Synopsis Objectives: The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an important threat for human healthcare. Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria impose one of the major issues, as multidrug- to pandrug-resistant strains have been found, rendering some infections untreatable. In addition, A. baumannii is a champion in surviving in harsh environments, being capable of resisting to disinfectants and to persist prolonged periods of desiccation. Due to the high degree of variability found in A. baumannii isolates, the search for new antibacterials is challenging. Here, we screened a compound library to identify compounds active against recent isolates of A. baumannii bacteria. Methods: A repurposing drug screen was undertaken to identify A. baumannii growth inhibitors. One hit was further characterized by determining its IC50 and testing its activity on 43 recent clinical A. baumannii isolates, amongst which 40 are extensively drug- and carbapenem-resistant strains. Results: The repurposing screen led to the identification of a harmine-derived compound, called HDC1, which proved to have bactericidal activity on the multidrug-resistant AB5075-VUB reference strain with an IC50 of 48.23 [mu]M. In addition, HDC1 impairs growth of all 43 recent clinical A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions: We identified a compound with inhibitory activity on all tested, extensively drug-resistant clinical A. baumannii isolates.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Falagas ◽  
Evridiki K. Vouloumanou ◽  
George Samonis ◽  
Konstantinos Z. Vardakas
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics

SUMMARYThe treatment of bacterial infections suffers from two major problems: spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens and lack of development of new antibiotics active against such MDR and XDR bacteria. As a result, physicians have turned to older antibiotics, such as polymyxins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Lately, due to development of resistance to these agents, fosfomycin has gained attention, as it has remained active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR and XDR bacteria. New data of higher quality have become available, and several issues were clarified further. In this review, we summarize the available fosfomycin data regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thein vitroactivity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mechanisms of resistance and development of resistance during treatment, synergy and antagonism with other antibiotics, clinical effectiveness, and adverse events. Issues that need to be studied further are also discussed.

scholarly journals An Update on Isolation of Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica from Blood Cultures in a Tertiary Care Centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sadia Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a public health issue, burdening many regions of the world with poor socioeconomic background. Management of this disease faces the major hurdle of antimicrobial resistance. The present study reveals current pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility among Salmonella enterica (Salmonella typhi & Salmonella paratyphi A) blood culture isolates from typhoid fever cases. Regular data collection about Salmonella infections and their response to antimicrobial agents, coupled with a long term commitment to providing adequate health information systems, is the key to effective planning and policy formation against typhoid fever. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella enterica isolates from blood cultures in Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex for updating nosocomial antimicrobial resistance data. Place and duration of study: This research study was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore from March 2018 to May 2019. Material & Methods: Blood cultures positive for Salmonella enterica were analyzed, taking into consideration the gender & age of patients with typhoid fever. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out through disc diffusion method. The recommended antimicrobial agents for S. typhi (Salmonella typhi) & S. paratyphi A (Salmonella Parathyphi A) (as per CLSI, USA 2018/2019 guidelines; described later), were tested and analyzed during this study with the main focus on 3rd generation cephalosporin resistance pattern. Among second line treatment options, meropenem and azithromycin were selected for study. Results: Out of 899 isolates of Salmonella enterica (from 13964 samples for blood culture), 849 (94.4%) were S. typhi and 50 (5.6%) were S. paratyphi A. Of these, 57.1% isolates were from males, 42.9% from females, 81.7% from children (age less than 12 years) and 18.3% were from adults (age more than 12 years). A continuously rising resistance percentage was observed for 3rd generation cephalosporins over the span of fifteen months. It was 43.4% for ceftriaxone (CRO). No case of meropenem and azithromycin resistance was observed during study period. Conclusion: Demographic information was provided by this study regarding high level of resistance among Salmonella enterica isolates particularly S. typhi .The first line antibiotic drugs were a complete failure in ongoing outbreak of typhoid fever. The novel results of this study are the high resistance percentages for 3rd generation cehalosporins, whether oral or parenteral. This result is worrisome as it will leave us with no option but to resort to second line drugs. However, an increasing trend of blood culturing was observed in this research. Extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella infection has definitely highlighted the importance of blood culture and its use as a more preferred diagnostic tool. Key words: Typhoid fever, Extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica, (S. typhi & S. paratyphi A), Antimicrobial Resistance, CRO (Ceftriaxone) resistance.

scholarly journals A Proposed Evidence-Based Local Guideline for Definition of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Pan Drug-Resistant (PDR) Bacteria by the Microbiology Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Eatemadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Local Guideline

Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are defined as microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents. These pathogens are frequently resistant to most available antimicrobial agents and deserve special attention in healthcare facilities. Generally, MDRO infections have clinical manifestations similar to infections caused by susceptible pathogens. Despite of two different classifications by WHO and CDC, still there are debates about update definition of MDROs in medical literature. Here we provide an updated local guideline for definitions of various MDROs by microbiology laboratory.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Ceftaroline and Comparators against Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from U.S. Hospitals: Results from Seven Years of the AWARE Surveillance Program (2010 to 2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Leonard R. Duncan ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Helio S. Sader
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT We evaluated trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae antimicrobial susceptibility in United States hospitals in the 2010 to 2016 period. A total of 8,768 clinical isolates from 47 medical centers were tested for susceptibility by broth microdilution methods. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) rates decreased from 25.7% and 12.4%, respectively, in 2010 to 17.7% and 3.6%, respectively, in 2016. The susceptibilities to most comparator antimicrobial agents increased, whereas the susceptibilities to ceftaroline, levofloxacin, linezolid, and tigecycline remained stable. Ceftaroline retained potent activity against S. pneumoniae (>99.9%) with no marked variations.

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