Logic and Research Versus Intuition and Past Practice as Guides to Gathering and Evaluating Eyewitness Evidence

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1241-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turtle ◽  
Stephen C. Want
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Common Misconceptions

Psychologists have conducted extensive research and devoted substantial thought to the memory, cognition, decision-making, logic, and human interaction components of eyewitness evidence. It is fortunate that much of that work has been formally recognized by law enforcement and the legal community and used as the basis for procedure and policy changes with regard to how eyewitness evidence is collected and evaluated. The authors discuss reasons that some segments of law enforcement, the legal community, and the public resist these research findings (e.g., by seeing psychology's role as a way to discredit eyewitness evidence or being committed to established procedures that have no empirical support). The authors also address gaps between these common misconceptions and what the psychology research perspective has to offer, in an effort to gain even more support for research- and logic-based recommendations concerning eyewitness evidence.

scholarly journals Algorithmic Long-Term Unemployment Risk Assessment in Use: Counselors’ Perceptions and Use Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leid Zejnilović ◽  
Susana Lavado ◽  
Íñigo Martínez de Rituerto de Troya ◽  
Samantha Sim ◽  
Andrew Bell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Public Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Employment Service

The recent surge of interest in algorithmic decision-making among scholars across disciplines is associated with its potential to resolve the challenges common to administrative decision-making in the public sector, such as greater fairness and equal treatment of each individual, among others. However, algorithmic decision-making combined with human judgment may introduce new complexities with unclear consequences. This article offers evidence that contributes to the ongoing discussion about algorithmic decision-making and governance, contextualizing it within a public employment service. In particular, we discuss the use of a decision support system that employs an algorithm to assess individual risk of becoming long-term unemployed and that informs counselors to assign interventions accordingly. We study the human interaction with algorithms in this context using the lenses of human detachment from and attachment to decision-making. Employing a mixed-method research approach, we show the complexity of enacting the potentials of the data-driven decision-making in the context of a public agency.

scholarly journals Invited commentary on … Rethinking funding priorities in mental health research

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaldeep Bhui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Economic Perspectives

SummaryThis commentary takes up the notion proposed by Lewis-Fernández and colleagues that we need more balance in research priorities. Specifically, our reliance on neurobiology may be misplaced and likely to be unrewarding unless we ensure that: (a) research with better return for patients and the public is also pursued; (b) research findings are put into practice; and (c) we retain a focus on proportionate investment in service provision. Patient, public and economic perspectives should drive the decision making for better investment, and behaviour change might be better targeted at commissioners and policy makers rather than patients and providers.

Studying Up: A Scrutiny of South African Tourism Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Briedenhann ◽  
Steve Butts
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Participation Research ◽  
Policy Arena

In recent years structural changes have directly affected the public sector management of South African tourism. This paper provides an understanding of structural and policy changes, and their seeming lack of implementation, through primary research carried out with policy makers, government officials, and other high profile players involved in South African tourism. Access to what is normally such an inaccessible group was obtained by the first author, who held a prominent position in South African tourism. Her post put her in direct contact with informants that established the level of rapport necessary for their participation. Research findings provide insights into the policy arena that would otherwise be challenging, if not impossible, to obtain.

Optimizing Scenario-Based Training for Law Enforcement

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Bryce Jenkins ◽  
Tori Semple ◽  
Jeff Quail ◽  
Craig Bennell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Law Enforcement Training ◽  
The Public ◽  
Officer Safety ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making

In order to optimize public and officer safety, law enforcement training needs to adequately prepare officers for the complex tasks they will experience in the field. The incorporation of carefully-designed scenario-based training (SBT) into pre- and in-service training is essential for the development of effective decision making during dynamic, potentially volatile interactions with the public. This chapter provides an overview of various frameworks that should be adopted when developing SBT before identifying some issues to consider throughout this process. Finally, this chapter provides practical examples of how the development process can be completed. Given the very challenging task that curriculum designers and police trainers have to develop skilled police officers, this chapter seeks to provide valuable guidance to those seeking to optimize limited resources to improve police training.

Prevalence and Predictors of Surveillance Cameras in Law Enforcement

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Amie M. Schuck
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Surveillance Cameras ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Using data from more than 2,500 law enforcement agencies, the goal of this study was to identify predictors of advanced surveillance technologies. The findings suggest that the adoption of modern surveillance cameras is neither uniform nor comprehensive and that the adoption process is ongoing with agency officials implementing and discontinuing technologies over time. Most important, stakeholders both inside and outside the organization have the greatest influence on the adoption process, and cameras in vehicles and mobile devices are most prevalent in improvised communities. As cameras become smaller and less expensive, they have the potential to democratize surveillance and equalize the relationship between the police and the public during encounters. However, the democratization effect will only occur if implementation is widespread and all segments of the community have an equal voice in the process. The research findings suggest that significant progress still needs to be made in these areas.

scholarly journals Resource based view and resource dependence theory in decision making process of public organisation - research fi ndings

Management ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Frączkiewicz-Wronka ◽  
Karolina Szymaniec
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dependence Theory ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Public Organisation ◽  
Public Organisations

AbstractResource based view and resource dependence theory in decision making process of public organisation - research findings One of the premises which build relationships between stakeholder and a public organisation are stakeholder’s resources which public organisation would like to possess and use. The other one is configuration of resources possessed by the public organisation that should allow the unit in question to realize stakeholder’s expectations.Above observations lead scientific inquiries to the two management theories - resource-based view (RBV) and resource dependence theory (RDT). The first one is orientated at resources owned by the organisation, the second one is orientated at the resources obtained from environment. The objective of this article is identification which orientation, RBV or RDT, dominates in decision making process in public organisations.

scholarly journals DISPARITAS PENERAPAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA

PRANATA HUKUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237
Author(s):  
Zainudin Hasan ◽  
Devi Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
District Court ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
City District ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The same article but the verdict handed down is different in the case of narcotics abuse. This research is taken from the narcotics case that was decided by the Lampung Provincial District Court. The research problem is whether the factors causing disparity in the application of crime in narcotics abuse cases in the Metro City District Court (Study of Decision Number 14 / Pid.Sus / 2016 / PN.Met and Decision Number 52 / Pid.Sus / 2015 / PN.Met)? The research method used in this writing is normative juridical, and empirical approach. Research Findings that factors causing disparity in narcotics abuse cases in Metro District Court are due to the Laws and Regulations, Law Enforcement Officials Resources, Internal and External Factors of Judges, Judicial Power in Decision Making, Decision Making Mechanisms by the Judges, and Factors Circumstances in the Defendant. Suggestions are expected to the Judge as a law enforcement agency, it is necessary to impose maximum penalties on narcotics offenders in accordance with Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, so that with the maximum criminal offense, narcotics abusers can be deterrent and can also reduce the number of narcotics users.

scholarly journals Appropriate Standards of Evidence for Education Policy Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Carrie Conaway ◽  
Dan Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Policy Decision Making

Education policy makers must make decisions under uncertainty. Thus, how they think about risks has important implications for resource allocation, interventions, innovation, and the information that is provided to the public. In this policy brief we illustrate how the standard of evidence for making decisions can be quite inconsistently applied, in part because of how research findings are reported and contextualized. We argue that inconsistencies in evaluating the probabilities of risks and rewards can lead to suboptimal decisions for students. We offer suggestions for how policy makers might think about the level of confidence they need to make different types of decisions and how researchers can provide more useful information so that research might appropriately affect decision making.

Trends in Serious Juvenile Crime

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. LAUB
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Personal Crimes

Throughout the past decade, serious juvenile crime has been the focus of considerable attention by legislators, law enforcement personnel, academic criminologists, media, and the public. Despite this attention, however, misunderstanding, misperception, and confusion still exist and, in some instances, seem to dominate both research and public policy. Utilizing National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data as an alternative to official and self-report data, this analysis focuses on the patterns of juvenile offending in serious personal crimes from 1973 to 1980. The NCS data do not support the contention that serious juvenile crime has risen dramatically over the last 8 years. Moreover, the types of personal crimes committed by juveniles has not changed substantially over the 1973 to 1980 period. To the extent that recent legislation calling for more severe handling of juvenile offenders is based on substantial upswings in juvenile crime in recent years or changes in the types of crimes committed by juveniles, NCS data cannot provide support for such policy changes.

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