Do as I Say, Not as I Do? Examining Possible Individual-Level Moderators in the Relationship Between Criminal Attitudes and Offending

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110389
Author(s):  
Cashen M. Boccio
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Studies

Several criminological theories and numerous research studies suggest that criminal attitudes are related to delinquency and criminal behavior. In contrast, there is also an emerging body of literature that suggests that the behavior of many individuals is not consistent with their attitudes. This study addresses this contradiction in the literature by examining two possible individual-level moderators (i.e., self-control and depressive symptoms) that may explain why some adolescents may be involved in delinquent behavior when they report having attitudes disapproving of delinquency. The findings reveal that attitudes disapproving of delinquency are negatively associated with delinquent involvement; however, many respondents with attitudes of disapproving of delinquency still engaged in delinquent behavior. In addition, the findings suggest that self-control and depressive symptoms may moderate the association between attitudes disapproving of delinquency and delinquent involvement.

Neighborhood Effects on the Health of Chinese Older Adults: Beyond the Rural and Urban Dichotomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuekang Li ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Nancy Morrow-Howell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Abstract Background and Objectives The associations between physical frailty and depressive symptoms among older individuals were established in the existing literature. Taking the person–environment perspective, we argue that neighborhood environment could either buffer the stress derived from being physically vulnerable or worsen it by adding another layer of stressors in the environmental context when physical health declined. The objectives of this study were to explore to what extent the neighborhood-level characteristics moderate the relationship between physical frailty and depressive symptoms. Research Design and Methods Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 wave, 6,245 individuals aged 60 years and older were included for analyses. Multilevel mixed-effects models were fitted to examine the moderating effects of urbanicity and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) on the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms among older adults, controlling for individual-level characteristics. Results Results showed a stronger relationship between deterioration in physical health and depressive symptoms in rural neighborhoods and neighborhoods with lower SES, after controlling for individual-level SES. Also, the moderating effects of the neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors remained after controlling for urbanicity, indicating that neighborhood SES works beyond the rural–urban contexts. Discussion and Implications Findings from this study demonstrate the important roles of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics in reshaping, and the need to redefine, China’s rural–urban dichotomy. The findings also identified neighborhoods with low SES as potential targets for policy and practice to reduce the stress associated with health decline.

Low Resting Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1125-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Armstrong ◽  
Shawn Keller ◽  
Travis W. Franklin ◽  
Scott N. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Peer Delinquency ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Relationship

Despite a large body of research demonstrating a clear and consistent relationship between resting heart rate and antisocial behavior, little is understood about the relative influence on antisocial behavior of resting heart rate and other constructs central to criminological theories. Here, the authors offer an initial effort to bridge this gap in the literature by testing the relationship between resting heart rate and a measure of antisocial behavior net of attachment to parents, self-control, peer delinquency, and potential physiological confounds. Results from ANOVA show that those with low resting heart rates have significantly higher rates of severe antisocial behavior and aggressive antisocial behavior net of physiological confounds. Results from multivariate regression models show that low resting heart rate has a statistically significant relationship with severe antisocial behavior and aggressive behavior in models controlling for attachment to parents, self-control, peer delinquency, and physiological confounds.

Maternal incarceration penalty: an examination of the effect of maternal conviction and incarceration on childhood delinquency

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Sobba ◽  
Brenda Prochaska ◽  
Emily Berthelot
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Property Destruction ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Several studies have reported the impact of paternal incarceration and criminal behavior on childhood delinquency; however, fewer studies have addressed the influence of maternal criminality on children’s behavioral outcomes. Integrating self-control and attachment theoretical frameworks, the purpose of this paper is to address the impact of mothers who have been stopped, arrested, convicted, and incarcerated in relation to their children’s delinquent behavior. Design/methodology/approach The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing data set was used to better understand this relationship. By using binary logistic regression, two types of delinquent behavior were assessed: destroying property and fighting. Findings The results revealed that mothers’ criminal behavior affected children’s fighting tendencies but did not significantly impact children’s tendency to destroy property. Furthermore, certain childhood antisocial traits and demographic characteristics revealed to also impact children’s delinquent behavior. From the results, implications and prevention strategies were drawn describing techniques to combat delinquency. Originality/value This research lays a foundation for future researchers to explore mother-child attachment and the transmission of low self-control from mother to child in relation to criminality. The current research is one of the first studies to specifically address how maternal criminal behavior affects their children’s tendency to engage in delinquency, specifically examining property destruction and fighting.

scholarly journals The Effect of Teachers’ Spirituality and Ethical Ideology on Their Preference of Reporting Wrongdoings at Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Asiye TOKER GOKCE
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Ideology ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Internal Whistleblowing ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="apa">This paper aimed to examine whistleblowing in point of individual level. Three sets of hypotheses were developed concerning the relationships between (1) religiosity and ethical ideology, (2) ethical ideology and intentions to different modes of whistleblowing, and (3) religiosity and intentions to different modes of whistleblowing. Descriptive statistics, Correlation matrix, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The sample includes 323 teachers in Turkey. The results confirmed that religiosity was negatively associated with relativism, and positively associated with idealism while they rejected any relation between the ethical ideology and intention to whistleblowing modes. The results confirmed only the positive relationship between religiosity and internal whistleblowing, while rejecting the other hypotheses. Few studies have investigated the relationship between whistleblowing modes and ethical ideology. Therefore, examining religiosity, ethical ideology, and whistleblowing in an education context in Turkey, this paper believed to contribute the literature with regard to Islamic perspective.</p>

Dark triad of personality and aggression in adolescents and young people

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Constantin Gogoriță
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The present study aims to analyze the relationships between dark triad of personality and aggression in adolescents. Aggression is considered the key factor in the development of criminal behavior, and by deciphering the factors that determine aggression, interventions can be made to prevent and diminish delinquent behavior. In this study, 134 persons between 15 and 28 years old participated, M = 20.48, AS = 2.50, of whom 34 were males and 79 were females. The instruments used to assess the dark personality traits and aggression were The Aggression Questionnaire, BPAQ (α = .89) and Short Dark Triad, SD-3 (α = .79). The results showed that boys have higher levels of physical aggression than girls, while girls have higher levels of anger and hostility than boys. In addition, psychopathy was positively associated with physical aggression, verbal aggression, and anger, Machiavelianism was positively associated with hostility, and narcissism was negatively associated with hostility. Age moderates to some extent the relationship between dark personality traits and physical aggression. Practical implications of these results are disscused.

Quick on the Draw

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Donner ◽  
Jon Maskaly ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Wesley G. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deadly Force ◽  
Self Control ◽  
General Theory Of Crime ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Situational Predictors ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Police officers have a continuum of force options available to them, but, without question, the most extreme of these options is deadly force. Recent officer-involved shootings in the United States, and their subsequent media attention, have placed police use of deadly force at the forefront of political, academic, and policy conversations. While the extant literature has uncovered numerous structural, organizational, and situational predictors of police shootings, studies to date are more limited with respect to individual-level factors and have essentially ignored criminological theoretical constructs. Using Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime as a theoretical framework, the current study fills a gap in the literature by using personal and agency records of 1,935 Philadelphia police officers to examine the relationship between low self-control and officer-involved shootings. The results indicate that officers with lower self-control are significantly more likely to have been involved in a police shooting.

scholarly journals University students’ propensity towards white-collar versus street crime

SURG Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Rochelle Watt
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Desire For Control ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Research Studies

While several traditional criminological theories have been used to explain the causes of white-collar crime, few research studies have examined the role that personality plays in explaining the causes of these types of crimes. University students were measured on two personality scales, self-control and desire for control, to determine the extent to which these factors affect the propensity to commit either street crime or white-collar crime. The findings indicate that self-control has the most significant effect on offending, but only when students indicated that they were willing to commit both street crime and white-collar crime. On the other hand, desire for control did not predict a propensity towards committing either type of crime.

Depression, Delinquency, and Suicidal Behaviors Among College Students

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Bauer ◽  
Megan S. Chesin ◽  
Elizabeth L. Jeglic
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Liu (2004) investigated the interaction between delinquency and depression among adolescents and found that delinquency moderated the relationship between depression and suicidal behaviors. Aims: This study also explored the relationship between depression, delinquency, and suicidal behaviors, although delinquency was expected to mediate, as opposed to moderate, the relationship between depression and suicidal behaviors. Method: The participants comprised 354 college students. The students completed a series of questionnaires measuring delinquent behavior, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results: Contrary to Liu’s (2004) findings, delinquency was found not to moderate but rather to partially mediate the relationship between depression and suicidal behaviors. Conclusion: The findings suggest that for some college students, depression is associated with delinquent behaviors, which, in turn, are associated with suicidal behaviors.

Dark triad of personality and aggression in adolescents and young people

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Constantin Gogoriță
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The present study aims to analyze the relationships between dark triad of personality and aggression in adolescents. Aggression is considered the key factor in the development of criminal behavior, and by deciphering the factors that determine aggression, interventions can be made to prevent and diminish delinquent behavior. In this study, 134 persons between 15 and 28 years old participated, M = 20.48, AS = 2.50, of whom 34 were males and 79 were females. The instruments used to assess the dark personality traits and aggression were The Aggression Questionnaire, BPAQ (α = .89) and Short Dark Triad, SD-3 (α = .79). The results showed that boys have higher levels of physical aggression than girls, while girls have higher levels of anger and hostility than boys. In addition, psychopathy was positively associated with physical aggression, verbal aggression, and anger, Machiavelianism was positively associated with hostility, and narcissism was negatively associated with hostility. Age moderates to some extent the relationship between dark personality traits and physical aggression. Practical implications of these results are disscused.

scholarly journals NEIGHBORHOOD AND HEALTH AMONG CHINESE ADULTS: BEYOND THE URBAN AND RURAL DICHOTOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S78-S78
Author(s):  
Yuekang Li ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Abstract The associations between physical frailty and depressive symptoms among older individuals were established in existing literature. Taking the person-environment perspective, we argue that neighborhood environment could either buffer the stress derived from being physically vulnerable or worsen it by adding another layer of stressors in the environmental context when physical health declined. The objectives of this study are to explore 1) to what extent the neighborhood-level characteristics moderate the relationship between physical frailty and depressive symptoms, 2) if there were rural-urban differences in the moderation effects, and 3) whether some of the environmental factors worked beyond the contextual influences of the rural-urban scope. Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 wave, 6,246 individuals ages 60 years and older were included for analyses. Multilevel mixed-effects models were fitted to examine the moderating effects of urbanicity and neighborhood-level socio-economic status (SES) on the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms among older adults, controlling for individual-level characteristics. Results showed a stronger relationship between deterioration in physical health and depressive symptoms in rural neighborhoods and neighborhoods with lower SES, after controlling for individual-level SES. Also, the moderating effects of the neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors remained after controlling for urbanicity, indicating that neighborhood SES works beyond the rural-urban contexts. Findings from this study demonstrate the important roles of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics in reshaping and the need to redefining China’s rural-urban dichotomy. The findings also identified neighborhoods with low SES as potential targets for policy and practice to reduce the stress associated with health decline.

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