Indigenous Peoples, Social Movements, and the Legacy of Hugo Chávez’s Governments

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Angosto-Ferrández
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
The Way

The unprecedented enfranchisement of Venezuela’s indigenous population is partly a result of the formation of a state-sponsored indigenous movement. This movement prioritizes access to social services, economic development, and political participation in state structures over certain goals of free determination. Other forms of collective action with different priorities are evidence of the existence of diverging interests and goals among indigenous people. These divergences are a reflection of the way in which the indigenous population partakes in the shaping of contemporary Venezuelan politics. La inclusión social de las comunidades indígenas de Venezuela no tiene precedentes y se debe, en parte, a la formación de movimientos indígenas auspiciados por el estado. Estos movimientos le dan prioridad al acceso a los servicios sociales, al desarrollo económico y a la participación política en las estructuras estatales por encima de ciertas metas de libre determinación. Otras formas de acción colectiva con prioridades diferentes revelan la presencia/existencia de intereses y objetivos divergentes entre las comunidades indígenas. Estas diferencias son un reflejo de la manera en que las poblaciones indígenas participan en la formación de la política venezolana contemporánea.

18. Political Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-335
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual’s probability to become politically active.

18. Political participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual's probability to become politically active.

The Anthropology of Marriage in Lowland South America

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Cultural Rules ◽  
The Way

Traditional treatments of marriage among indigenous people focus on what people say about whom one should marry and on rules that anthropologists induce from those statements. This volume is a cultural and social anthropological examination of the ways the indigenous peoples of lowland South America/Amazonia actually choose whom they marry. Detailed ethnography shows that they select spouses to meet their economic and political goals, their emotional desires, and their social aspirations, as well as to honor their commitments to exogamic prescriptions and the exchange of women. These decisions often require playing fast and loose with what the anthropologist and the peoples themselves declare to be the regulations they obey. Inevitably then, this volume is about agency and individual choice in the context of social institutions and cultural rules. There is another theme running through this book—the way in which globalization is subverting traditional hierarchies, altering identities, and eroding ancestral marital norms and values—how the forces of modernization alter both structure and practice. The main body of the book is given over to eleven chapters based on previously unpublished ethnographic material collected by the contributors. It is divided into three sections. The first collects essays that describe the motives behind breaking the marriage rules, the second describes how the marriage rules are bent or broken, and the third gathers chapters on the effects of globalization and recent changes on the marriage rules.

scholarly journals CECA e COMIN: A sociedade civil promovendo cidadania desde outras pedagogias

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Nivea Ivette Núñez de la Paz E Renate Gierus
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Student Leaders ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
History Of

Este artigo, embasado em relatos de experiências, quer compartilhar processos educativos vivenciados a partir de duas organizações da sociedade civil - OSCs, o Centro Ecumênico de Capacitação e Assessoria - CECA e o Conselho de Missão entre Povos Indígenas-COMIN, instituições que tem suas sedes localizadas em São Leopoldo/RS. O CECA atua na formação de lideranças estudantis, comunitárias, de movimentos eclesiais e sociais; e o COMIN, com povos indígenas, ambas na promoção de cidadania e direitos humanos. Iniciamos o relato com um breve histórico de cada instituição, seguido da descrição metodológica da experiência, finalizando com uma análise da mesma.This article, based on experience reports, wants to share educational processes experienced based on two civil society organizations - OSCs, Ecumenical Centre for Training and Consultancy - CECA and Council of Mission among Indigenous people - COMIN, institutions that have their headquarters located in São Leopoldo / RS. CECA acts with formation of student leaders, community, ecclesial and social movements; and COMIN with indigenous peoples, both promote citizenship and human rights. We begin this reporting with a brief history of each institution, followed by the methodological description of the experience, ending with an analysis of that experience.

From proclamation to denial

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Alès
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
American States ◽  
Participation Politique ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Peuples Autochtones

English Abstract:The indigenous people of Venezuela, long excluded from political participation, registered a whole set of rights within the new constitution in 1999. However, the proclamation of these rights did not ensure their full implementation and, a fortiori, their purpose to protect the survival of indigenous peoples. This article presents an analysis of the processes through which indigenous rights have been allocated but poorly implemented and even substantially withdrawn. In many Latin American states, the rights that promote autonomy and self-government are actively abandoned notwithstanding cultural, political, and economic contexts be they progressive or conservative. Through this analysis, this article proposes the concept of “proclamation-denial”. While this concept is relevant for numerous Latin American countries, this article highlights the specificities of the Venezuelan case.Spanish Abstract: Los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela, históricamente excluidos de la participación política, lograron que se registrara todo un conjunto de derechos particulares dentro de la nueva constitución en 1999. Sin embargo, la proclamación de estos derechos no garantizó su plena aplicación y, a fortiori, su propósito de proteger la supervivencia de los pueblos indígenas. Este artículo analiza los procesos por los cuales los derechos indígenas han sido legalmente asignados pero débilmente implementados, y hasta desconocidos sustancialmente. En muchos estados latinoamericanos, los derechos que promueven la autonomía y el autogobierno son activamente abandonados, y esto que el contexto cultural, político y económico sea progresista o conservador. A través de este análisis, este artículo propone el concepto de «proclamación-negación». Si bien este concepto es relevante para numerosos países de América Latina, el texto destaca las especificidades del caso venezolano.French Abstract:Longtemps exclus de la participation politique, les autochtones du Venezuela ont su inscrire tout un ensemble de droits particuliers au sein de la nouvelle constitution en 1999. La proclamation de ces droits n’a cependant pas garanti leur pleine application ni, a fortiori, son objectif de protéger la survivance des peuples autochtones. Cet article présente une analyse des processus par lesquels les droits autochtones ont été attribués mais faiblement implémentés, et ont même substantiellement régressé. Dans plusieurs Etats d’Amérique latine, les droits qui promeuvent l’autonomie et l’auto-gouvernement sont activement abandonnés, indépendamment du fait que le contexte culturel, politique et économique soit progressiste ou conservateur. A travers cette analyse, l’article propose le concept de «proclamation-dénégation». Tandis que ce concept est pertinent pour de nombreux pays d’Amérique latine, le texte illustre les spécificités du cas vénézuélien.

scholarly journals Economic development of a region with a unique ecological system

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 07022
Author(s):  
Larisa Desfonteines ◽  
Elena Korchagina ◽  
Natalia Strekalova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers the possibility of developing the economy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the preservation of the ecological system of the region and the national and cultural characteristics of the indigenous population. The analysis of the resource potential of the region is given, recommendations for the development of the region's economy using the labor potential of the population living there are offered. The article analyzes the development of the region and the possibility of creating eco-friendly enterprises, the work of which does not violate the natural balance of the Arctic. The article highlights the main elements of the Arctic economic system that require support at the level of strategic development of the state and determine the key positions in the development of the region. The article considers the constraints and problems that hinder the economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the conditions for preserving the uniqueness of the nature and culture of the indigenous peoples of the region. The potential of the economic development of the region is investigated. Innovative options for the development of the region in combination with modern technologies for preserving the unique ecological system and the identity of the indigenous population are considered. Promising directions of economic development of the Arctic region while preserving the uniqueness of nature and cultural traditions of indigenous peoples are proposed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychological Disorders Among the Indigenous Population of Canada

SURG Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brody DeChamplain
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Disability

In the last several years, there has been an increase in interest in the history of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. This, in turn, has called attention to health-related topics such as the proportion of the Indigenous population which suffers from a psychological disorder. Using statistics drawn from Statistics Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey on Victimization, this study examines the percentage of respondents who report having a mental/psychological disorder and analyzes the percentage in terms of the heritage of the respondents. According to the findings, a larger proportion of Indigenous people reported having a psychological disorder than non-Indigenous people. The results, along with past literature, provide evidence which supports a statistically significant relationship between "Aboriginal group – Respondent" and "Mental/psychological disability status."

scholarly journals Disability’s Circularity: Presence, Absence and Erasure in Australian Settler Colonial Biopolitical Population Regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-320
Author(s):  
Karen Soldatic
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Population Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
White Settler ◽  
State Mobilization

In this paper, I explore the ways in which settler-colonial states utilize the category of disability in immigration and Indigenous population regimes to redress settler-colonial anxieties of white fragility. As well documented within the literature, settler-colonial governance operates a particular logic of population management that aims to replace longstanding Indigenous peoples with settler populations of a particular kind. Focusing on the case of Australia and drawing on a range of historical and current empirical sources, the paper examines the central importance of the category of disability to this settler-colonial political intent. The paper identifies the breadth of techniques of governance to embed, normalize and naturalize white settler-colonial rule. The paper concludes with the suggestion that the state mobilization of the category of disability provides us with a unique way to identify, understand and analyse settler-colonial power and the interrelationship of disability, settler-colonial immigration regimes and Indigenous people under its enterprise.

scholarly journals The Role of The Government in The Recognition of Customary Rights to Achieve Economic Development of Customary Law Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-145
Author(s):  
RR. Catharina Dewi Wulansari ◽  
Journal Manager APHA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

Every State wants a condition in which the people have a prominent level of welfare and prosperity, because that condition can reflect how a state has been successful in carrying out its development. The existence of development that can lead to prominent level of welfare and prosperity, certainly, shows the success of a state in achieving the state's goals. But in practice it is often found that the people of a state do not have a prominent level of welfare and prosperity due to the unprotected rights of the people. The lack protection rights of the people are one form of social problems; which of course requires a very fast handling. Therefore, in general, every state tries, so that the protection rights of the people can be fulfilled. Similarly, for the state of Indonesia, the protection of communal customderived land rights (ulayat rights) of indigenous peoples is one of the tasks that must be fulfilled by the government. The effort is not easy; therefore, needs a thorough study to overcome the problem. The method used in this research is a normative juridical method. The results of the study, indicate the role of government in regulating the recognition forms of the rights of indigenous peoples, especially, communal custom-derived land rights of indigenous people. In addition, there are various substances of legislation that must be regulated in order to recognize communal custom-derived land rights of indigenous people such as how to recognize indigenous peoples, their recognition procedures, indigenous peoples' obligations, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Finally, regulation about recognition of indigenous peoples is expected to have an impact on the economic development of indigenous peoples itself.

scholarly journals A comemoração como lugar de disputa: um estudo das mobilizações do passado pelos povos indígenas nas Comemorações dos “500 anos do Brasil” (2000)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Batistella
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Historical Culture

As comemorações nacionais são ocasiões privilegiadas para o estudo das disputas em torno do passado, uma vez que distintas produções de história são expressas por uma gama de atores sociais como o Estado-Nação, os movimentos sociais, os historiadores (as), o que implica em diferentes usos políticos da memória e da temporalidade. À vista disso, este artigo se propõe a analisar as comemorações dos “500 anos do Brasil” realizadas no ano 2000, tendo como problemática a verificação de qual relação foi estabelecida pelos povos indígenas com a comemoração e quais usos políticos do passado foram mobilizados a partir dessa relação. Desse modo, o objetivo consiste em apresentar algumas reflexões sobre como o estudo das comemorações nos permite pensar sobre a cultura histórica do Brasil no alvorecer do século XXI.Palavras-chave: Comemoração dos 500 anos do Brasil; Usos políticos e públicos do passado; Movimento Indígena Brasileiro.Abstract National celebrations are privileged occasions for the study of disputes around the past, since different productions of history are expressed by a range of social actors such as the nationstate, social movements and historians, which implies different political uses of the memory and temporality. In view of this, this article proposes to analyze the celebrations of Brazil's 500th Anniversary in 2000, to verify which relationship was established by indigenous people with the celebration and which political uses of the past were mobilized from this relationship. Thus, the objective of this article is to reflect upon how the study of the celebrations allows us to think about the historical culture of Brazil at the dawn of the 21st century.Keywords: Celebration of Brazil's 500th anniversary; Political and public uses of the past; Brazilian Indigenous Movement.

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