In the Labyrinths of Dependent Urbanization: Rescue and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2110246
Author(s):  
Vitor Hugo Tonin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Social Research ◽  
New Left ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dependency Theory ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
The City

At their peak, theories of underdevelopment and dependency guided social research in the most varied dimensions of life. The rapid increase in urban inequality was one of the main drivers of criticism of capitalist development in peripheral countries and gave rise to analyses of dependent urbanization. This interpretation was interrupted in the late 1970s with the crisis of dependency theory, the main reason for which was the political defeat of the continent’s new left. This rescue of this analytical matrix and its combination with current Marxist studies of the capitalist production of the city offer a more precise categorization of underdevelopment and greater refinement in dealing with levels of abstraction. It is now feasible to better situate existing links between dependency and urban development and thus to establish a dialogue with recent analytical contributions on urban development. This dialogue opens a path for the theoretical and methodological evolution of urban studies in peripheral countries. Em seu auge as teorias do subdesenvolvimento e dependência orientaram as investigações sociais nas mais variadas dimensões da vida. O acelerado aumento da desigualdade urbana foi um dos principais impulsionadores da crítica ao desenvolvimento capitalista nos países periféricos e deu origem às análises da urbanização dependente. Essa construção foi interrompida no final da década de 1970 com a crise da teoria da dependência cuja principal razão identificamos na derrota política da nova esquerda no continente. O resgate dessa matriz analítica e seu encontro com os atuais estudos marxistas da produção capitalista da cidade oferece atualmente uma categorização mais precisa do subdesenvolvimento e maior refinamento no trato dos níveis de abstração. Torna-se possível localizar melhor as mediações existentes entre a dependência e o urbano e, com isso, estabelecer um diálogo com as recentes contribuições analíticas sobre o urbano. Deste diálogo abre-se uma alameda para a evolução teórica-metodológica dos estudos urbanos nos países periféricos.

scholarly journals European cities in post socialist transformation

Sociologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Vera Backovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The City

The aim of the paper is to analyze changes of the city in the process of post socialist transformation. The changes in the political system and economy led to establishment of local authorities and urban economy, witch became main factors of urban development. Much attention is played to commercial property (office space and retail) because their fast development is the most visible change in the post socialist city.

David Harvey

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvin Wyly
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Economics ◽  
New Left ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Spatial Turn ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
The City

David Harvey (b. 1935) is an influential urban theorist, and the world’s most widely cited geographer. He is a distinguished professor of anthropology at the City University of New York, and was formerly a professor of geography at Johns Hopkins, as well as Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography at Oxford. Since earning a BA (1957), MA, and PhD (1962) at Cambridge, Harvey has been a central figure in every major transformation of geography’s philosophy, methodology, and politics. As the “spatial turn” became more influential across the social sciences and humanities, Harvey became a leading interdisciplinary theorist of how urbanization brings together a multitude of diverse economic, sociocultural, and natural processes. Capitalist production is urbanizing. So are social difference, diversity, and inequality. So are relations between humans and animals, plants, and viruses—all the diversity of more-than-human worlds of “nature.” Harvey first achieved prominence at the University of Bristol in the “Quantitative Revolution,” a movement in geography, planning, and urban studies challenging dominant historical, descriptive narratives of locally unique regions and cities. Harvey’s Explanation in Geography (London: Edward Arnold, 1969) was called “the bible” by a new generation committed to a spatial science of positivist analytical rigor, quantified precision, and the development of hypotheses and laws—sifting through the unique and particular to find what is general and universal. Harvey completed Explanation just as he took up a position at Johns Hopkins in 1969, as protests shook cities around the world. In Baltimore and other US cities thrown into crisis by generations of racism and white-flight suburbanization, protests intensified after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and with spreading rebellion against young men being drafted to serve in the neocolonial Vietnam War. Diving into research on the class and race segregation of Baltimore’s inner city, Harvey found Engels and Marx more reliable guides than modern urban economics. Harvey’s resulting Social Justice and the City (London: Edward Arnold, 1973) inaugurated a new, Marxist revolution in urban studies, geography, and beyond. In the subsequent half-century, Harvey has introduced successive generations to Marxist theory and praxis while adapting and refining Marx’s (somewhat) Eurocentric theory of industrial capitalism—making it relevant for understanding today’s planetary, urban, cosmopolitan, postindustrial, and algorithmic capitalism. Harvey has put his urban historical-geographical materialist methods into sustained dialogue with every generation of New Left academics (feminists, environmentalists, ecofeminists, anarchists, postmodernists, cultural studies theorists, posthumanists, and decolonization/indigenous theorists) as well as “Right to the City” activists fighting for housing and tenants’ rights and racial justice.

Argentine Gramscians between Culture and Politics: The Case of Pasado y Presente

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Anna Popovitch
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
New Left ◽  
The Political ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Political Imaginary ◽  
The City

The Argentine cultural journal Pasado y Presente (1963–1965; 1973), founded in the city of Córdoba by a group of New Left thinkers including José Aricó, positioned itself at the intersection between the cultural sphere and the field of political action. The members of the collective adopted a critical attitude toward European social theories imported to Latin America and envisioned an alliance between Marxism and Peronism. They also debated the viability of armed struggle, advocated workers’ councils, and identified a new political imaginary for the Argentine New Left, a “third way.” The journal’s intellectual trajectory reveals a tension between the cultural and the political spheres that prevented it from becoming a strictly political entity. La revista cultural argentina Pasado y Presente (1963–1965; 1973), fundada en la ciudad de Córdoba por un grupo de pensadores de la Nueva Izquierda, incluyendo a José Aricó, se situó en la intersección entre el ámbito cultural y el campo de la acción política. Los miembros del colectivo adoptaron una actitud crítica en relación a las teorías sociales europeas importadas a América Latina y concibieron una alianza entre el marxismo y peronismo. También debatieron sobre la viabilidad de la lucha armada, abogaron a favor de los comités obreros e inauguraron un nuevo imaginario político para la nueva izquierda Argentina—una “tercera vía”. La trayectoria intelectual de la revista revela una tensión entre los espacios cultural y político que impidió que se convirtiera en una entidad estrictamente política.

scholarly journals Engineering modernity: Water, electricity and the infrastructure landscapes of Bangalore, India

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2261-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Castán Broto ◽  
HS Sudhira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
The City

The concept of ‘nexus’ has gained popularity in urban studies to examine the interconnections between the management of resources and the provision of urban services. This article proposes a conceptualisation of the urban nexus as the contingent product of the operation of physical, ecological and social processes around urban technologies in a specific location. The article focuses on the configuration of the nexus within particular trajectories of urban development, and the wider consequences of these trajectories for urban life. The strategy of the article is to examine the water-energy nexus within a particular infrastructure landscape, that is, as it emerges from the historical co-evolution of social practices and the built environment. Such co-evolution can be described as an urban trajectory that reveals the consolidation of different aspects of the nexus at varying levels from the household to the extra-urban connections that shape the city. This perspective is applied to analyse processes of infrastructure development in the city of Bangalore, India, since the completion of the first works to establish a water network and the electrification of the city at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis reveals a historically built and context-dependent nexus that reflects the interconnectedness of the mechanisms of infrastructure governance and urban inequality.

The Eco-Knowledge City Theory and its Practice in Shenzhen of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Zhanglan Wu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yunzhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
The City

Eco-knowledge city is a new concept for the world’s urban studies, an all-new urban form, and concept of urban development and strategy. The core of eco-knowledge city is to surpass the traditional urban development model of industrial society strategically, to purposely encourage citizens to learn and share knowledge equally, and to enhance creativity through the cultivation of knowledge, technological innovation, and scientific research, sequentially to reduce material consumption and pollution, and to achieve cooperative development of urban economy, society, and environment. Shenzhen would not only pay attention to elements of ecological knowledge in the industrial field, but also would like to embody the characteristics of emphasis on ecology and respect for knowledge in all aspects of city life. Ecological knowledge has become the source of power for the city to continue moving forward.

Baran and Sweezy's Monopoly Capital, Then and Now

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Benjamin Feldman ◽  
John Bellamy Foster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Social Research ◽  
New Left ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Work ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Economic

<a href="http://monthlyreview.org/product/monopoly_capital/" target="_blank"><em>Monopoly Capital</em></a> was the principal Marxian, and indeed radical, political-economic work to be published in the 1960s, written by the two most prestigious Marxian economists in the United States and perhaps globally. It grew out of the critique of militarism and imperialism and economic waste as much as out of economic crisis. It was one of the first major works to focus on multinational corporations. Its final chapter emphasized the "irrational system" and was influenced by [Paul] Baran's early background with the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt. All of this made it extremely influential with the New Left in the United States, particularly its more radical, socialist wing. A good indication of this is Assar Lindbeck's 1971 mainstream attack on what he called <em>The Political Economy of the New Left</em>, which focused almost entirely on <em>Monopoly Capital</em>.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-6" title="Vol. 67, No. 6: November 2015" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>

Göçmen edebiyatında din ve kimlik yansımaları -Fakir Baykurt’un Yarım Ekmek Romanında Din ve Gelenek-

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-145
Author(s):  
İsmail Güllü
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Shock ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Immigrant Religion ◽  
Turks In Germany ◽  
The City

Yarım aşırı aşan bir geçmişe sahip Almanya’ya göç olgusu beraberinde önemli bir edebi birikimi (Migrantenliteratur) de getirmiştir. Farklı adlandırmalar ile anılan bu edebi birikim, kendi içinde de farklı renkleri de barındıran bir özelliğe sahiptir. Edebi yazını besleyen en önemli kaynaklardan biri toplumdur. Yazarın içinde yaşadığı toplumsal yapı ve problemler üstü kapalı veya açık bir şekilde onun yazılarına yansımaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, 50’li yaşlarında Almanya’ya giden ve ömrünün sonuna kadar orada yaşayan, birçok edebi ve düşünsel çalışması ile Türk edebiyatında önemli bir isim olan Fakir Baykurt’un “Koca Ren” ve Yüksek Fırınlar” adlı romanları ile birlikte Duisburg Üçlemesi’nin son kitabı olan “Yarım Ekmek” romanında ele aldığı konu ve roman kahramanları üzerinden din ve gelenek olgusu sosyolojik bir yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır. Toplumcu-gerçekçi çizgide yer alan yazarın, uzun yıllar yaşadığı Türkiye’deki siyasi ve ideolojik geçmişi bu romanda kullandığı dil ve kurguladığı kahramanlarda kendini göstermektedir. Romanda Almanya’nın Duisburg şehrinde yaşayan Türklerin yeni kültürel ortamda yaşadıkları çatışma, kültürel şok, arada kalmışlık, iki kültürlülük temaları ön plandadır. Yazar romanda sadece Almanya’daki Türkleri ele almamakta, aynı zamanda Türkiye ile hatta başka ülkeler ile de ilişkilendirmeler yaparak bireysel ve toplumsal konuları ele almaktadır. Araştırmada, romanda yer alan dini ve geleneksel unsurlar sosyolojik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Genel anlamda bir göç romanı olma özelliği yanında Yarım Ekmek romanında dini, siyasi ve ideolojik birçok yorum ve tartışma söz konusudur. Romandaki bu veriler, inanç, ritüel, siyaset ve toplumsal boyutlarda kategorize edilerek ele alınmıştır.  ENGLISH ABSTRACTReligion and identity reflections in literature of immigrant: Religion and Tradition in Fakir Baykurt’s novel Yarım EkmekThe immigration fact which has nearly half century in Germany have brought a significant literal accumulation (Migrantenliteratur) in its wake. This literal accumulation, which is named as several denominations, has a feature including different colours in itself. One of the most important source snourishing literature is society. Societal structure and problems that the writer lives inside, directly or indirectly reflect on his/her compositions. In this context, the matter of religion and tradition by way of the issue and fictious characters in the novel of Fakir Baykurt who went to Germany in her 50’s and lived in there till his death and who is a considerable name in Turkish literature with his several literal and intellectual workings; “Yarım Ekmek” which is the third novel of Duisburg Trilogy with “Koca Ren” and “Yüksek Fırınlar” are discussed sociologically in the study. The political and ideological past of the socialist realist lined writer in Turkey where he spent his life for a long time, manifest itself on the speech and fictious characters of novel. In the novel, themes of new Turks’ conflict, cultural shock, being in the middle, bi culturalism in their new cultural nature in Duisburg which is the city they live in. The writer not only deals with Turks in Germany but also personal and social subjects via comparing them to Turkey and even other countries. In the study, religious and traditional elements analyzed sociologically. Besides the speciality of being a migration novel in general, there are a lot of religious, political and ideological interpretations and discussions in the novel. These datum in the novel are examinated in the context of belief, ritual, politics and social categorisation. 

Challenging the Terms of Order: Representations of the Detroit Rebellions, 1967–1968

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Camp
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Us History ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
John Clarke

While many analysts have commented on the representation of 1968 campus events and antiwar demonstrations, less attention has been paid to the global significance of the dramatic struggles in industrial Detroit during the period. The meanings of events in the city were intensely fought over. As Stuart Hall, Chas Critcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Brian Roberts observed, the events of 1968 were “an act of collective will, the breaks and ruptures stemming from the rapid expansion in the ideology, culture and civil structures of the new capitalism . . . in the form of a ‘crisis of authority.’” In Detroit the crisis of authority was expressed in the form of popular political struggles against racism, state violence, and the contradictions of life in the industrial capitalist city. This article asks and answers the following research questions about the struggle over the meaning of this decisive turning point in US history: What was the relationship between racial ordering, uneven capitalist development, and mass antiracist and class struggles? How did Black working-class organic intellectuals resist and alter hegemonic definitions of the situation? How are the dialectics of insurgency and counterinsurgency to be best theorized during this precise historical conjuncture? 

Urban Development Strategies of City Centers: The Case of Rafah City, Palestinian Territories

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Omar S. Asfour ◽  
Samar Abu Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
City Center ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The City ◽  
Commercial Center

City centers worldwide are perceived as essential parts of the city, where city memories are preserved and its identity is expressed. They are planned to satisfy the functional requirements and pleasurable qualities of the city. Under the accelerating urbanization of the modern city, several challenges face these centers including demographic, economic, and environmental challenges. This requires a continuous and incremental urban development process based on clear strategy and action plans. Thus, this study focuses on urban development strategies of city centers, with a focus on Rafah city located in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian Territories. The geographic location of this city near the Palestinian-Egyptian borders makes it a promising commercial city at local and regional levels. Thus, the current situation of Rafah city center has been analyzed, and several development strategies have been proposed. This has been done through a field survey based on observation and a questionnaire directed to city center users. It has been found that there is a great potential of Rafah city center to be developed as a commercial center. In this regard, several strategies and required actions have been proposed in the fields of transportation, environmental quality, shopping activities, investment opportunities, and visual perception.

Optimal Land Use Analysis Using Lindenmayer Grammars

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Urszula Żukowska ◽  
Grażyna Kalewska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
L System ◽  
L Systems ◽  
The City

In today's world, when it is so important to use every piece of land for a particular purpose, both economically and ecologically, identifying optimal land use is a key issue. For this reason, an analysis of the optimal land use in a section of the city of Olsztyn, using the L-system Urban Development computer program, was chosen as the aim of this paper. The program uses the theories of L-systems and the cartographic method to obtain results in the form of sequences of productions or maps. For this reason, the first chapters outline both theories, i.e. the cartographic method to identify optimal land use and Lindenmayer grammars (called L-systems). An analysis based on a fragment of the map of Olsztyn was then carried out. Two functions were selected for the analysis: agricultural and forest-industrial. The results are presented as maps and sequences in individual steps.

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