Göçmen edebiyatında din ve kimlik yansımaları -Fakir Baykurt’un Yarım Ekmek Romanında Din ve Gelenek-

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-145
Author(s):  
İsmail Güllü
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Shock ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Immigrant Religion ◽  
Turks In Germany ◽  
The City

Yarım aşırı aşan bir geçmişe sahip Almanya’ya göç olgusu beraberinde önemli bir edebi birikimi (Migrantenliteratur) de getirmiştir. Farklı adlandırmalar ile anılan bu edebi birikim, kendi içinde de farklı renkleri de barındıran bir özelliğe sahiptir. Edebi yazını besleyen en önemli kaynaklardan biri toplumdur. Yazarın içinde yaşadığı toplumsal yapı ve problemler üstü kapalı veya açık bir şekilde onun yazılarına yansımaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırma, 50’li yaşlarında Almanya’ya giden ve ömrünün sonuna kadar orada yaşayan, birçok edebi ve düşünsel çalışması ile Türk edebiyatında önemli bir isim olan Fakir Baykurt’un “Koca Ren” ve Yüksek Fırınlar” adlı romanları ile birlikte Duisburg Üçlemesi’nin son kitabı olan “Yarım Ekmek” romanında ele aldığı konu ve roman kahramanları üzerinden din ve gelenek olgusu sosyolojik bir yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır. Toplumcu-gerçekçi çizgide yer alan yazarın, uzun yıllar yaşadığı Türkiye’deki siyasi ve ideolojik geçmişi bu romanda kullandığı dil ve kurguladığı kahramanlarda kendini göstermektedir. Romanda Almanya’nın Duisburg şehrinde yaşayan Türklerin yeni kültürel ortamda yaşadıkları çatışma, kültürel şok, arada kalmışlık, iki kültürlülük temaları ön plandadır. Yazar romanda sadece Almanya’daki Türkleri ele almamakta, aynı zamanda Türkiye ile hatta başka ülkeler ile de ilişkilendirmeler yaparak bireysel ve toplumsal konuları ele almaktadır. Araştırmada, romanda yer alan dini ve geleneksel unsurlar sosyolojik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Genel anlamda bir göç romanı olma özelliği yanında Yarım Ekmek romanında dini, siyasi ve ideolojik birçok yorum ve tartışma söz konusudur. Romandaki bu veriler, inanç, ritüel, siyaset ve toplumsal boyutlarda kategorize edilerek ele alınmıştır.  ENGLISH ABSTRACTReligion and identity reflections in literature of immigrant: Religion and Tradition in Fakir Baykurt’s novel Yarım EkmekThe immigration fact which has nearly half century in Germany have brought a significant literal accumulation (Migrantenliteratur) in its wake. This literal accumulation, which is named as several denominations, has a feature including different colours in itself. One of the most important source snourishing literature is society. Societal structure and problems that the writer lives inside, directly or indirectly reflect on his/her compositions. In this context, the matter of religion and tradition by way of the issue and fictious characters in the novel of Fakir Baykurt who went to Germany in her 50’s and lived in there till his death and who is a considerable name in Turkish literature with his several literal and intellectual workings; “Yarım Ekmek” which is the third novel of Duisburg Trilogy with “Koca Ren” and “Yüksek Fırınlar” are discussed sociologically in the study. The political and ideological past of the socialist realist lined writer in Turkey where he spent his life for a long time, manifest itself on the speech and fictious characters of novel. In the novel, themes of new Turks’ conflict, cultural shock, being in the middle, bi culturalism in their new cultural nature in Duisburg which is the city they live in. The writer not only deals with Turks in Germany but also personal and social subjects via comparing them to Turkey and even other countries. In the study, religious and traditional elements analyzed sociologically. Besides the speciality of being a migration novel in general, there are a lot of religious, political and ideological interpretations and discussions in the novel. These datum in the novel are examinated in the context of belief, ritual, politics and social categorisation. 

scholarly journals Periferni likovi u romanu U registraturi Ante Kovačića

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-285
Author(s):  
Marijana Terić
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fantasy Literature ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Fantastic Realism ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

In this paper, the author examines a work of one of the most significant Croatian literary writers, Ante Kovačić, whose novel U registraturi (In the Registry Office) is considered by many literary critics and theoreticians to be the best writing of Croatian realism. It is an author who was not understood at the time when his work appeared, which is why the text was published in the form of a novel with a twenty-three year delay. Nonlinear composition of the text, elements of fantasy literature and innovative literary process in creating a fabula and sujet course of events confused literary critics as well as readership, which points to the fact that Ante Kovačić was treated for a long time as a peripheral author. In this narrative text, the misery and helplessness of peasants and their revolt against their feudal lords in Croatia are described, therefore the object of our analysis will be the characterisation of figures from various layers of society, with a particular focus on the “peripheral characters” of Kovačić’s prose. Using the term “peripheral characters” we will attempt to bring close those characters of subjugated peasants in relation to the feudal-capitalist social layer and thereby emphasise their role in the novel in relation to their fate. Unlike the characters of the peasants – Ivica Kičmanović (whom the social order turns into a lackey and scoundrel); Jožica Zgubidan (the personification of a poor person from Zagorje), Anica (a patriarchal girl with an angelic face); Miha; Perica; the neighbouring Kanoniks; and the Medonjićes – Kovačić brings us harsh, drastic images of moral vacillations in the city in which figures, distorted into caricatures, dominate. By contrasting the rural environment with the city life, the author is writing an “epopee of the village and city” in which the “peripheral characters” become tragic ones. These characters are the carriers of elements of “fantastic realism,” and their function is to show all the depravities of society and to announce the phenomenon of the innovative processes of narration familiar to authors of the modern literature. Finally, we come to the conclusion that Ante Kovačić made a step forward in relation to the generation of realists, with the peripheral position of his creation disappearing with the emergence of modern literary achievements, which ultimately gives the author and his work a polished place in Croatian literature.

scholarly journals القمر في الثقافة العراقية القديمة: اعادة قراءة لرواية" الهلال" لديانا ابو جابر و"طشاري" لأنعام كججي

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Asst. Prof. Isra Hashim Taher
Keyword(s):  
Direct Reference ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Moon ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
American Girl ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The City

Man used to attribute good and evil in his life to celestial bodies. Therefore, ancient civilizations paid much attention to astronomy which had a lasting impact on mythology and religion. In ancient Iraqi mythology, sad and happy events like war and peace, death and fertility, flood and famine, were attributed to the appearance and disappearance of the moon.Among the post-modern writers who wrote novels about Iraq are the Arab-American Diana Abu Jaber (1959 -) and the Paris-based Iraqi Inaam Kachachi (1952 -). Abu Jaber's Crescent (2003) tells a love story between an Iraqi professor and an Iraqi-American girl. The crescent of the title has to do with the Islamic ritual of marking the beginning of a lunar month like Ramadhan. As the novel suggests it has to do with patience and the unknown as represented  by the sudden and unexpected reappearance of the protagonist (Hanif) after a long time of absence. Whereas Kachachi's Tashari (2013) details the scattering of Iraqis in different parts of the world after the-2003 events. It attributes this tragedy to the Pope's  refusal to visit the city of  Ur, the birthplace of Prophet Abraham which also used to be the residence of Nana, the moon god of the ancient Sumerians. While apparently both novels deal in part with the religious beliefs and practices related to the moon in Islam and Christianity, they, however, make no direct reference to ancient Iraqi myths. Although Abu Jaber expressed the wish of writing about "the legacy of Iraq", "the cradle of civilization"  and Kachachi wrote mainly about Iraq and its " good old days", but rarely they made a direct reference to the moon and its significance in ancient Iraqi culture. Nevertheless, both novels implicitly abound in references to the moon that can be analyzed in terms of its status and the lasting impact it had on ancient Iraqi culture, which will be the focus of this paper.

Living in a Fool’s Paradise

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Mark Hogan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Industrial Decline ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

This article investigates the political processes and attitudes that have prevented San Francisco from adequately dealing with many of its challenges. It posits that the city is at risk of becoming a caricature of its former self if attitudes towards accepting and preparing for the future do not change as a chronic shortage of housing threatens to push many long-time residents out. The history of anti-development attitudes since the 1980s is reviewed, tracing the rebound from post-industrial decline to becoming a highly desirable residential location and the home to some of the world’s most innovative companies.

Afterword: The Buenos Aires Affair

PMLA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Sylvia Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Looking Back

When I Wrote My First Novel, En Breve Cárcel, I was Determined to Erase References to Space and Have All Action (If That is the apposite word) occur in a place devoid of particular markings, as close to abstraction as I could possibly make it. This rather pretentious gesture was destined to thwart any recognition by the reader, rendering the city—or, in this case, the cities—unrecognizable and therefore a little (but not excessively) uncanny. Then, toward the end of the novel, with an equally pretentious gesture, I identified those cities and arbitrarily revealed their names. One of those cities was Paris, where I had lived for many years, the second was Buffalo, where I had lived briefly, and the third city was Buenos Aires, where I was born and spent the first thirty-odd years of my life. Looking back, I think my desire to mask all three cities may have been less frivolous than it would appear. I suspect that I didn't want to identify Paris because it was too obvious as a place of exile, especially for a Latin American. Buffalo I preferred to avoid because, although I had spent some time there, it felt very much to me like Alfred Jarry's Poland—c'est à dire nulle part. Buenos Aires, I'm guessing now, was masked for reasons more complex: mainly, I think, because the city, which for a long time had been for me a more or less familiar and stationary construct, made out of manageable and no doubt embellished memories, was becoming more and more disquieting with every trip I took there. Political repression makes short shrift of auratic illusion. It is difficult to recognize a city, or what you remember of that city, when you see soldiers with machine guns on every corner.

scholarly journals The City and The River: An Anecdote of the Crisis Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3633-3638
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Times ◽  
The City ◽  
Existential Issues

The aim of this paper is to highlight the issues of discrimination, corruption, exploitation, victimization as depicted by Arun Joshi in the novel, Joshi. It is a political satire where he used parable as a fictional mode. It is an assessment of the political situation of the times. The occasions and events depicted in the novel are evocative of the days of the Emergency of 1974-75 in India. Joshi is a story of time, set in a more extensive background, utilizing an aesthetically fulfilling blend of prediction and fantasy. Though Arun Joshi takes up his favorite existential issues in the novel, he also sees them through the spectacles of politics and thereby elevates the novel, Joshi to the level of political – allegorical satire. The events that took part within the city at a specific point in history.

The Conflict Of Nation And Partition In Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
P. Bhavani ◽  
Dr.M. Kannadhasan
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Amitav Ghosh ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Anthropologist ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Amitav Ghosh is a postmodernist writer. He is immensely influenced by the political and cultural milieu of post-independent India. Being a social anthropologist and having the opportunity of visiting alien lands, he comments on the present scenario, the world is passing through in his novels. Almost all the works of Amitav Ghosh reflected the theme of borders and boundaries among nations. The Shadow Lines is a highly innovative, complex and celebrated novel of Amitav Ghosh, published in 1988. The Shadow Lines is the novel deal exclusively with the consequences of the Partition and mainly concerned with the Partition on the Bengal border. It is important to note that Ghosh happens to be the only major Indian-English novelist who is preoccupied with the Bengal Partition. There was a collective expression of grief, a demonstration of all religions in which Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus alike to took part. In January 1964 Mu-I-Mubarak was recovered and the city of Srinagar erupted with joy. But soon after the recovery, riots broke out in Khulna and a few people were killed.

The Literary Geography of İstanbul and the Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar in the Framework of the Narration and Tourism Relationship

2022 ◽  
pp. 116-138
Author(s):  
Zeliha Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Research Center ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Literary Tourism ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Literary Geography ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

This chapter aims to evaluate the works made under the title “the literary geography of İstanbul” concerning literary tourism in the activities carried out by the Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar Research and Application Centre regarding Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and the novel Huzur. In this framework, the author examines the tourist experiences of literary tourists in actual and fictitious localities, their psycho-aesthetic experiences, the relationships they build with the city, the method used by the research center in these touristic activities, as well as the consequences of these experiences for literary tourism. The potential of Turkish literature in determining the future of cultural tourism and literary tourism will also be evaluated.

scholarly journals SOCIAL-REALISM IN THE AZERBAIJANI AND TURKISH NOVELS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshgane Babayeva
Keyword(s):  
Class Struggle ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The People ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

In the 1920s and 1940s, the socialist realism (trend) flow in both Turkish and Azerbaijani literature shows itself in certain degree. Class struggle, conflict between opposing forces, such as master-peasant, intellectual-ignorant-superstition, has become the main topic of the Turkish and Azerbaijani novels. In both literatures, the subject of village was at the forefront. It is no coincidence that “Homeland Literature” has gained special popularity in Turkish literature in this period. The life, love, joy, sorrow, troubles and pains of ordinary peasants have become the main topic of literature. The story of the urban man, not the peasant, his or her life, feelings and thoughts came to the center of the novel, not the destiny of townsman. However, for a long time, the place in the Turkish novels was chosen only as Istanbul, and the fate of the people of Istanbul was mentioned. In the article, the Turkish and Azerbaijani novels from 1920 to 1930will be comparatively explored and parallels will be emphasized.

scholarly journals From Ashur to Nineveh: The Assyrian town-planning programme

Iraq ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Novák
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
The City

During the last century of Assyria's existence the urban landscape was characterised by a bipolar structure. The old capital Ashur was still the religious, ceremonial and cultural centre, while Nineveh was the seat of royal power (Maul 1997). Both cities were not only the oldest urban entities of the Assyrian heartland, flourishing at least from the third or even fourth millennium BC onwards; they both also represented two different regions within Assyria with very specific geomorphologic environments and distinctive socio-ecological conditions. While the Ashur region is situated at the southernmost edge of the dry farming belt, the Nineveh area is one of the most fertile regions in northern Mesopotamia (Fig. 1).The political fates of the two cities were unconnected for a long time. Ashur became an important trading centre and an independent kingdom at the beginning of the second millennium, whereas for a long time Nineveh stood in the shadow of more powerful neighbours. But in the seventh century it was Nineveh that became the capital of Assyria and the outstanding urban structure of the whole Near East. The refounding and enlargement of the city by Sennacherib was by far the most ambitious town-building programme ever realised in Assyria. Furthermore, it marked the end of a long process of moving the political centre of the country from the Ashur region northwards to the Nineveh region, which coincided with the rise of Assyria from a small kingdom to a world empire. During this development there were several (other) temporary capitals, all of them new foundations like Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta, Kalhu and Dūr-Šarrukēn.

scholarly journals A Slap in the Face of Socialist Taste: The Novel "Nikolai Nikolaevich" by Yuz Aleshkovsky As a Contestation of the Rules of Socialist Realism

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Tyszkowska-Kasprzak
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Sperm Donor ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
First Time

Yuz Aleshkovsky wrote the novel „Nikolai Nikolaevich” in the 1970s. For a long time, the work was disseminated in samizdat and it appeared in print for the first time only in 1980. Composed under the censorship conditions of socialist realism dominant in the arts, this work violates strict taboos imposed on subjects related to sexuality and stylistic solutions which exclude sub-normative vocabulary. In many aspects, the composition of the novel resembles the pattern of the production novel. At the same time, the writer negate the values propagated in the art of socialist realism: the main character is a former pickpocket, who built a comfortable life for himself as a sperm donor in a laboratory and talks about his professional achievements in a language saturated with profanity and elements of criminal jargon. The plot of the work is based on an amalgamation of components characteristic of ideologized literary texts with elements that were unacceptable in such texts. The introduction into the novel of the theme of corporality, and human sexuality, which was a taboo topic in socialist realist literature, introduces a major dissonance and induces produces a comic effect.

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