The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Migrant Labor in Malaysia: Policy Implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Social Consensus ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

The regional crisis will increase employment and income inequalities within and between countries, thereby further increasing emigration pressures and drawing into sharper focus the disjunction between capital movement, State sovereignty and migration. Malaysia, with one of Asia's largest foreign labor pools, is a case in point. The financial crisis has hit most sectors, but migrants in construction and services are particularly affected. Official retrenchment data do not include the tens of thousands of documented migrants whose permits were not renewed on expiry, or the undocumented migrants repatriated. Though security concerns appeared to override market factors soon after the crisis broke out, demand for labor, employer pressure, and the prospect of higher revenues from migrant levies and pension fund contributions encouraged the State to change its stance and adopt a more flexible policy on migrant recruitment. Nationally, there is an urgent need for a clearer social consensus, culminating in a more consistent, predictable and detailed program to reduce foreign labor dependence. Regionally, governments have to create more jobs and reduce poverty so that migration pressures are eased.

The Crisis and International Population Movement in Indonesia

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Potential Migrant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contract Labor

Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis which began in mid-1997 and has been the slowest to recover from it. In the present paper the effects of the first two and a half years of the crisis on international population movements influencing Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures on potential migrant workers in Indonesia and the result has been increased out-movement. In both pre and post-crisis situations this was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia's main destination countries but the segmentation of the labor market in those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on undocumented migrants in destination countries but the extent of repatriation, while higher than in the pre-crisis situation, has been limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate movement to Indonesia and longer-term, south-north migration out of the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by government and greater attention being paid to improving the system for migrants themselves and the country as a whole.

scholarly journals Assessing Minimum Wage Policy Implications upon Income Inequalities. The Case of Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2542
Author(s):  
Eva Militaru ◽  
Madalina Ecaterina Popescu ◽  
Amalia Cristescu ◽  
Maria Denisa Vasilescu
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Impact

Starting from the consideration that excessive income inequalities could hamper sustainable growth, our paper aims to evaluate the impact of the minimum wage policy upon wage and income distributions. Using the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database with national representative sample of households, an income distribution analysis was conducted for the case of Romania based on two microsimulation approaches. The first one assumed building a counterfactual income distribution under the hypothesis of no change in minimum wage, while the second one implied a decomposition of the Gini coefficient of income inequalities based on main income determinants, including the minimum wage level and the share of minimum wage earners in the total number of employees. Both approaches pointed to similar findings, indicating a positive effect of the minimum wage on wage inequalities reduction for both genders, although higher for women, as they are more present among lower paid employees. The minimum wage policy can reshape the wage distribution, by enlarging the share of minimum income earners and narrowing the middle. Moreover, the household disposable income becomes less unequal when minimum wage increases, meaning that the income gain spreads over the entire household as most minimum wage earners come from poor households with numerous children.

Examining the Impact of Individual, Community, and Market Factors on Methamphetamine Use: A Tale of Two Cities

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Rodriguez ◽  
Charles Katz ◽  
Vincent J. Webb ◽  
David R. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Market ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Although prior studies have monitored the trends in methamphetamine use and reported its increase over the years, few studies have considered how community-level characteristics affect the use of methamphetamine. In this study, we utilize data from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program from two cities to examine how individual-level, community-level, and drug market factors influence methamphetamine use. Results indicate that both individual and community-level data significantly influence methamphetamine use. Also, findings show that predictors of methamphetamine use (at the individual and community-level) differ significantly from marijuana, cocaine, and opiate use. Policy implications regarding law enforcement suppression and the treatment of methamphetamine users are discussed.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Mexican Remigration To The U.S.

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
David Molina ◽  
R. Todd Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Model ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Mexican Migrants ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Migration Networks ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents an analysis of Mexican migrants to the U.S. and theirdecisions to remigrate. We concentrate on the relative impacts of market and nonmarketfactors such as income, remittances, and migration networks. We analyze theremigration decision of male, illegal migrants using data from the Mexican MigrationProject. Current migration proposals are geared towards policy that would allowfor some type of temporary workers. The empirical model presented here allowsfor a comparison of the relative impacts of market and non-market factors on thedecision to choose among different remigration options. The results indicate thatincome, remittances, and migration networks have significant effects on the remigrationdecisions of male, undocumented migrants.

High-Skilled Immigration and Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Venturini ◽  
Sona Kalantaryan ◽  
Claudio Fassio
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides an extensive review of the existing empirical literature that analyses the impact of (mostly high-skilled) migration on the innovative performances of firms, regions, and countries. The authors discuss the different features of the immigrant labour force, such as education, occupation, age, and internal ethnic diversity, that play a role in the contribution of immigrants to innovation. By categorizing the existing studies on the basis of the definition of innovation and migration that they adopt, as well as on the specific level of analysis chosen (at the firm, regional, or country level), the chapter also engages in an in-depth discussion about the policy implications that can be drawn from the existing evidence. Finally, the chapter outlines some suggestions about the implementation of appropriate immigration policies, able to truly foster innovation in European countries.

scholarly journals External labor migration in the context of marketing research (evidence from Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Yelena B. Yakovleva ◽  
Nataliya P. Kuznetsova ◽  
Oleg A. Drozdov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The answer to the question about the labor migrants attraction economic effect on the national economy of the recipient countries remains uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the necessity and significance of mass labor migration for the economic development of recipient countries in general and Russia in particular. During the study, the authors implemented the following tasks:1) to identify and assess the contradictions that occur at the micro and macro levels in the host country using migrant labor;2) to calculate the most essential economic indicators of the efficient use of foreign labor in Russia (based on 2016 data);3) to assess the contribution of migrant labor to the GDP; and4) to clarify the impact of all levels of taxes and fees for patents by legal migrants and evasion of such payments by illegal migrants on revenues and expenditures of budgets, accompanied with state budget expenditures to investigate illegal activities (sometimes criminal in nature) with the subsequent deportation of such migrants from the country.Marketing research has shown that contradictions arising at the micro and macro levels are revealed, which explains the effect of the “migration trap”; the low efficiency of using foreign labor in the Russian economy has been proved, as evidenced by the insignificant share of GDP produced by migrants and significant leaks of a part of GDP from the country’s economy through the transfer of funds to donor countries; an imbalance between the needs of the national economy for additional labor by industries and the actual use of foreign labor entering the Russian market is shown; weak influence of the state on the national labor market and the lack of systemic regulation of the quality of training and the scope of migrant labor are revealed.

Globalization and Migration: The Impact of Family Remittances in Latin America

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Labor Dynamics ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

AbstractTaking as its point of departure the relationship between migration and globalization, this article highlights the salience of remittances in the national economies of Latin America, especially Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. It looks at the various actors that participate in the transfer of remittances and suggests that incorporating migrant labor dynamics as a category of economic integration will reveal a distinct landscape in the economies of Latin America.

Syrian Crisis and Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Yazgan ◽  
Deniz Eroglu Utku ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.

Status, Impact, and Factor Determining Rural Non-farm Economy of India: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Impact

The rural non-farm sector (RNFS) involves a spectrum of economic activity in rural areas and encompasses all rural productive entities other than farm holdings. It has the potential to play a pivotal role in holistic and inclusive development of India’s rural areas by increasing the employment and wages of rural labour, which can reduce income inequalities. The review was carried out in order to explain the present status of RNFE state wise as well as overall to get a comprehensive view on the topic. The review study also focuses to disaggregate RNFE on the basis of gender, size of landholding and castes. Literature depicting the impact of RNFE on rural livelihoods especially in employment and poverty and factors determining it also been compiled to get an overall idea on the study.

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