Clinical Analysis of Laryngeal Trauma Secondary to Intubation

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Gleeson ◽  
A J Fourcin

A study was undertaken to analyse the effect of short-term intubation on the voice. Children were examined laryngographically both pre- and postoperatively. Changes in larynx frequency distribution following intubation were documented using the technique of electrolaryngography; the resolution of these changes was similarly recorded. The results, in comparison with the frequency distributions associated with other disease states, give insight into the nature of the damage and its effect on vocal fold vibratory patterns. The technique therefore enables objective evidence of minor degrees of laryngeal trauma to be demonstrated and differentiated.

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Yen ◽  
H. Y. Lee ◽  
M. H. Tsai ◽  
S. T. Chan ◽  
T. S. Huang

AbstractThirty patients with external laryngeal trauma were analysed retrospectively. Injuries were mostly caused by motor vehicle accidents (car = 36.7 percent; motorcycle = 23.3 per cent). The main presenting symptoms and signs were hoarseness, neck tenderness, dysphagia, and neck emphysema. Sites of laryngeal injury included arytenoid swelling, vocal fold injury, soft tissue contusion or superficial mucosal laceration, cricoarytenoid dislocation, thyroid fracture, epiglottic fracture and mixed injuries. Treatment was varied depending on the severity of the injuries. Sixteen cases were managed conservatively by medical treatment; two cases received intubation; four cases were treated initially by tracheostomy; eight cases received surgical repair and/or reconstruction; 11 cases made a full recovery of the voice and 18 cases fair voice recovery due to either sustained vocal fold swelling or limitation of vocal fold movement. One case was graded as poor. Twenty-eight cases had good airway patency and two cases fair airway patency. A delay in the early detection of laryngeal trauma may precipitate into life-threatening airway problems, therefore prompt and accurate diagnosis should be followed immediately by skilful airway management.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Mykola Gubin ◽  
Vasil Olkhovsky ◽  
Edgar Grygorian

FORENSIС MEDICAL EXAMINATION IN NON-FATAL LARYNGEAL TRAUMA Olkhovsky V.O., Gubin M.V., Grygorian E.K.  Victims with non-fatal laryngeal trauma become the object of forensic medical evaluation of the severity of bodily injuries in alive persons, carried out during pre-judicial and judicial investigation. The purpose of the study was to provide morphological and clinical analysis and characteristics of bodily injuries in cases of blunt laryngeal trauma in forensic medical examination of alive persons, to determine ways to improve the effectiveness of forensic medical diagnosis of the specified injury. Subjects and Methods. The study involved morphological and clinical analysis of 47 forensic medical expert conclusions in the leading forensic medical examination institution of Kharkiv region. Results. Frequency and types of blunt traumas of the larynx at examination of alive persons were determined. Specific features of forensic medical expert evaluation of bodily injuries severity in alive persons with blunt traumas of larynx were determined. Severe bodily injuries were defined in 3 cases (6.4 % of cases) of laryngeal traumas with the development of mechanical asphyxia. Moderate bodily injuries were determined by experts in 9 cases (19.1 % of cases) of blunt traumas of the larynx, accompanied by fractures of its cartilage; in 4 persons (8.5 % of cases) of blunt traumas of the larynx, accompanied by hematoma, edema of soft tissues of the larynx; in one case of blunt laryngeal trauma with acute edema, its second-degree stenosis. Mild bodily injuries which caused short-term disorder in 25 persons (53.2 % of cases) and mild bodily injuries which caused slight transitory effects in 4 persons (21.1 % of cases) were determined by experts in forensic medical examination of blunt laryngeal trauma with the development of acute posttraumatic laryngitis. The study implied elaboration of methods and an algorithm for improvement of forensic medical diagnostics in this type of injuries. Conclusions. Medico-legal diagnosis of blunt laryngeal trauma can be associated with underestimation and overestimation of the severity of bodily injuries by experts, which requires further research in the field of establishing unbiased expert diagnostic criteria for assessing such injuries. Keywords: criteria of diagnosis, forensic medical examination, expert conclusion, laryngeal trauma.   Резюме СУДОВО-МЕДИЧНА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА У ВИПАДКАХ НЕЛЕТАЛЬНИХ ТРАВМ ГОРТАНІ Ольховський В.О., Губін М.В., Григорян Е.К. Постраждалі з нелетальними травмами гортані, стають об'єктом судово-медичної оцінки тяжкості тілесних ушкоджень у живих осіб, яка проводиться під час досудового та судового слідства. Мета роботи: морфо-клінічний аналіз та характеристика тілесних ушкоджень при тупій травмі гортані, під час судово-медичної експертизи живих осіб для визначення шляхів підвищення ефективності судово-медичної діагностики зазначеної травми. Суб'єкт і методи. Проведено морфо-клінічний аналіз 47 висновків експерта провідної судово-медичної експертної установи Харківського регіону. Результати дослідження. Визначено частоту і типи тупої травми гортані при експертизі живих осіб. Встановлено особливості судово-медичної експертизи при визначенні ступеня тяжкості тілесних ушкоджень у живих осіб з тупою травмою гортані. Тяжкі тілесні ушкодження встановлені експертами в 3 випадках (6,4% спостережень) травм гортані з розвитком механічної асфіксії. Ушкодження середньої тяжкості встановлені експертами в 9 випадках (19,1% спостережень) тупих травм гортані, що супроводжувалися переломами її хрящів; у 4 випадках (8,5% спостережень), що супроводжувались гематомою, набряком м'яких тканин гортані; в одному випадку тупої травми гортані з гострим набряком, її стенозом II ступеня. Легкі тілесні ушкодження, що спричинили короткочасний розлад здоров'я в 25 випадках (53,2% спостережень ) та що викликали незначні транзиторні ефекти в 4 випадках (21,1% спостережень) встановлені експертами  при експертизі тупих травм гортані з розвитком гострих посттравматичних ларингітів. Визначено шляхи та алгоритм вдосконалення судово-медичної експертної діагностики цієї травми. Висновки. При судово-медичній діагностиці тупої травми гортані, мають місце випадки недооцінки та переоцінки тяжкості тілесних ушкоджень експертами, що вимагає проведення подальших наукових досліджень у напрямку встановлення чітких експертних діагностичних критеріїв оцінки таких травм.  Ключові слова: критерії діагностики, судово-медична експертиза, висновок експерта, травми гортані.   Резюме. СУДЕБНО-МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА В СЛУЧАЯХ НЕЛЕТАЛЬНИХ ТРАВМ ГОРТАНИ Ольховский В.А., Губин Н.В., Григорян Е.К. Пострадавшие с нелетальными травмами гортани, становятся объектом судебно-медицинской оценки тяжести телесных повреждений у живых лиц, которая проводится в ходе досудебного и судебного следствия. Цель работы: морфо-клинический анализ и характеристика телесных повреждений при тупой травме гортани, во время судебно-медицинской экспертизы живых лиц для определения путей повышения эффективности судебно-медицинской диагностики указанной травмы. Субъект и методы. Проведен морфо-клинический анализ 47 заключений экспертов ведущего судебно-медицинского экспертного учреждения Харьковского региона. Результати исследования. Определены частота и виды тупой травмы гортани при экспертизе живых лиц. Установлены особенности судебно-медицинской экспертизы при определении степени тяжести телесных повреждений у живых лиц с тупыми травмами гортани. Тяжкие телесные повреждения установлены экспертами в 3 случаях (6,4% наблюдений) травм гортани с развитием механической асфиксии. Повреждения средней тяжести установлены экспертами в 9 случаях (19,1% наблюдений) тупых травм гортани, сопровождавшихся переломами ее хрящей; в 4 случаях (8,5% наблюдений),  сопровождавшихся гематомой, отеком мягких тканей гортани; в одном случае тупой травмы гортани с острым ее отеком, стенозом II степени. Легкие телесные повреждения, повлекшие  кратковременное расстройство здоровья в 25 случаях (53,2% наблюдений) и которые вызвали незначительные транзиторные эффекты в 4 случаях (21,1% наблюдений) установлены экспертами при экспертизе тупых травм гортани с развитием острых посттравматических ларингитов. Определены пути и алгоритм совершенствования судебно-медицинской экспертизы данной травмы. Выводы. При судебно-медицинской диагностике тупой травмы гортани, имеют место случаи недооценки и переоценки тяжести телесных повреждений экспертами, что требует проведения дальнейших научных исследований в направлении установления четких экспертных диагностических критериев оценки таких травм.   Ключевые слова: критерии диагностики, судебно-медицинская экспертиза, заключение эксперта, травмы гортани.


Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.


BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimandra A. Djaafara ◽  
Charles Whittaker ◽  
Oliver J. Watson ◽  
Robert Verity ◽  
Nicholas F. Brazeau ◽  
...  

Abstract Background As in many countries, quantifying COVID-19 spread in Indonesia remains challenging due to testing limitations. In Java, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented throughout 2020. However, as a vaccination campaign launches, cases and deaths are rising across the island. Methods We used modelling to explore the extent to which data on burials in Jakarta using strict COVID-19 protocols (C19P) provide additional insight into the transmissibility of the disease, epidemic trajectory, and the impact of NPIs. We assess how implementation of NPIs in early 2021 will shape the epidemic during the period of likely vaccine rollout. Results C19P burial data in Jakarta suggest a death toll approximately 3.3 times higher than reported. Transmission estimates using these data suggest earlier, larger, and more sustained impact of NPIs. Measures to reduce sub-national spread, particularly during Ramadan, substantially mitigated spread to more vulnerable rural areas. Given current trajectory, daily cases and deaths are likely to increase in most regions as the vaccine is rolled out. Transmission may peak in early 2021 in Jakarta if current levels of control are maintained. However, relaxation of control measures is likely to lead to a subsequent resurgence in the absence of an effective vaccination campaign. Conclusions Syndromic measures of mortality provide a more complete picture of COVID-19 severity upon which to base decision-making. The high potential impact of the vaccine in Java is attributable to reductions in transmission to date and dependent on these being maintained. Increases in control in the relatively short-term will likely yield large, synergistic increases in vaccine impact.


2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blair Thomas Herron ◽  
K M Heil ◽  
D Reid

In 2015, the UK government published the National Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) 2015, which laid out their vision for the future roles and structure of the UK Armed Forces. SDSR 2015 envisaged making broader use of the Armed Forces to support missions other than warfighting. One element of this would be to increase the scale and scope of defence engagement (DE) activities that the UK conducts overseas. DE activities traditionally involve the use of personnel and assets to help prevent conflict, build stability and gain influence with partner nations as part of a short-term training teams. This paper aimed to give an overview of the Specialist Infantry Group and its role in UK DE. It will explore the reasons why the SDSR 2015 recommended their formation as well as an insight into future tasks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Jennifer Currin-McCulloch

Drawing from Van Gennep and Caffee’s conceptualization of liminality, this autoethnographic narrative portrays the author’s rites of passage into academia and through the death of her father. These fundamental developmental transitions and losses emerged concomitantly within the backdrop of a pandemic, further cloaking the world in grief and disequilibrium. Incorporating the voice of the personal as professional, the author portrays her existential struggles in relinquishing her cherished role as a palliative care social worker and living through her dad’s final months during a time of restricted social interaction. Interwoven throughout the narrative appear stories of strife, hope, grief, and professional epiphanies of purpose and insider privilege. The paper embraces both personal and professional conflicts and provides insight into the ways in which the unique setting of a pandemic can provide clarity for navigating the liminal states of separation, transition, and incorporation.


1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Behrman ◽  
Robert F. Orlikoff

Sophisticated, computer-based instrumentation has become increasingly available to the voice clinician. Yet substantial questions remain regarding its clinical necessity and usefulness. A theoretical model based on the scientific method is developed as a framework that can be used to guide the clinician in the selection and application of instrumental measures. Using the process of hypothesis testing, instrumentation is presented as an integral component of clinical practice. The uses of instrumental measures, and their relevance to long- and short-term treatment goals, are addressed. Clinical examples are presented to illustrate the incorporation of instrumentation and the scientific method into assessment and treatment.


2009 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. S233-S234
Author(s):  
Wally Ahmar ◽  
Yuvaraj Malaiapan ◽  
Pei Lee See ◽  
Prashanth Puspanathan ◽  
Maro Baldi ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Ameta ◽  
Joseph K. Davidson ◽  
Jami J. Shah

A new mathematical model for representing the geometric variations of lines is extended to include probabilistic representations of one-dimensional (1D) clearance, which arise from positional variations of the axis of a hole, the size of the hole, and a pin-hole assembly. The model is compatible with the ASME/ ANSI/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. Central to the new model is a Tolerance-Map (T-Map) (Patent No. 69638242), a hypothetical volume of points that models the 3D variations in location and orientation for a segment of a line (the axis), which can arise from tolerances on size, position, orientation, and form. Here, it is extended to model the increases in yield that occur when maximum material condition (MMC) is specified and when tolerances are assigned statistically rather than on a worst-case basis; the statistical method includes the specification of both size and position tolerances on a feature. The frequency distribution of 1D clearance is decomposed into manufacturing bias, i.e., toward certain regions of a Tolerance-Map, and into a geometric bias that can be computed from the geometry of multidimensional T-Maps. Although the probabilistic representation in this paper is built from geometric bias, and it is presumed that manufacturing bias is uniform, the method is robust enough to include manufacturing bias in the future. Geometric bias alone shows a greater likelihood of small clearances than large clearances between an assembled pin and hole. A comparison is made between the effects of choosing the optional material condition MMC and not choosing it with the tolerances that determine the allowable variations in position.


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