scholarly journals Alcohol Abuse and Stage of HIV Disease in Intravenous Drug Abusers

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerond Lake-Bakaar ◽  
Roger Grimson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Needle Sharing ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intravenous Drug Abusers ◽  
Hiv Negative

Our objective was to identify factors that might correlate with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease stage in intravenous drug abusers (IVDA). Particular attention was given to alcohol abuse. We accordingly explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between stage of HIV disease and age, sex, needle sharing, ethnicity, self-reported history of alcohol consumption and CAGE scores. IVDA from a single municipal hospital were subdivided into three groups according to HIV disease status. Group 1 comprised 42 individuals with AIDS; group 2 comprised 114 who were HIV positive but without AIDS; and group 3 comprised 52 who were HIV negative. Information on alcohol consumption and CAGE responses were obtained by questionnaire and interview. Discriminant analysis indicated that alcohol abuse, assessed either by self-reported consumption or by CAGE scores, was significantly more common in the AIDS group than in either the HIV positive or the HIV negative groups, when controlled for age, sex, and needle sharing status. The relative risk of AIDS was 3.8 times higher in the heavy drinkers than in moderate drinkers. Needle sharing was also more common in the AIDS group than in the HIV positive or HIV negative groups when the other factors were controlled for. AIDS was more common in black than white IVDA, and this increased frequency did not appear related to alcohol consumption since the distribution of heavy drinkers within each category of HIV disease did not differ within the ethnic groups. These data indicate that a history of heavy alcohol consumption is more common in IVDA with AIDS than in IVDA at earlier stages of HIV disease.

Clinical outcomes of syphilis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM: occurrence of repeat syphilis episodes and non-treponemal serology responses

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054887
Author(s):  
Silvia Achia Nieuwenburg ◽  
Ricardo Jamie Sprenger ◽  
Maarten Franciscus Schim van der Loeff ◽  
Henry John Christiaan de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesHIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at a higher risk of repeat syphilis, have different clinical manifestations and have a different serological response to treatment compared with HIV-negative MSM. The objective of this study was to assess whether HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM with infectious syphilis (primary, secondary or early latent) differed in history of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage and non-treponemal titre of initial and repeat episodes, and the titre response 6 and 12 months after treatment. Furthermore, determinants associated with an inadequate titre response after treatment were explored.MethodsThis retrospective analysis used data of five longitudinal studies (four cohorts; one randomised controlled trial) conducted at the STI clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants were tested for syphilis and completed questionnaires on sexual risk behaviour every 3–6 months. We included data of participants with ≥1 syphilis diagnosis in 2014–2019. Pearson’s χ² test was used to compare HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM in occurrence of previous syphilis episodes, disease stage of initial and repeat syphilis episode and non-treponemal titre treatment responses.ResultsWe included 355 participants with total 459 syphilis episodes. HIV-positive MSM were more likely to have a history of previous syphilis episodes compared with HIV-negative MSM (68/90 (75.6%) vs 96/265 (36.2%); p<0.001). Moreover, HIV-positive MSM with repeat syphilis were less often diagnosed with primary syphilis (7/73 (9.6%) vs 36/126 (28.6%)) and more often diagnosed with secondary syphilis (16/73 (21.9%) vs 17/126 (13.5%)) and early latent syphilis (50/73 (68.5%) vs 73/126 (57.9%)) (p=0.005). While not significantly different at 12 months, HIV-negative MSM were more likely to have an adequate titre response after 6 months compared with HIV-positive MSM (138/143 (96.5%) vs 66/74 (89.2%); p=0.032).ConclusionsIn repeat syphilis, HIV infection is associated with advanced syphilis stages and with higher non-treponemal titres. HIV infection affects the serological outcome after treatment, as an adequate titre response was observed earlier in HIV-negative MSM.

scholarly journals Risky Alcohol Consumption and Associated Health Behaviour Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients in a UK Sexual Health and HIV Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1717-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmi Suonpera ◽  
Rebecca Matthews ◽  
Ana Milinkovic ◽  
Alejandro Arenas-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Drug ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Risky Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Alcohol misuse has been associated with negative consequences among HIV-positive patients. Data on real prevalence of risky alcohol consumption among the HIV-positive population in the UK are lacking. A cross-sectional questionnaire study using standardised validated instruments among HIV-positive (n = 227) and HIV-negative (n = 69) patients was performed. The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption (AUDIT) and associations with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), problematic drug use (DUDIT), adherence to ART (CASE Adherence Index), sexual behaviour and demographic characteristics were assessed among both patient groups independently. A quarter (25.1%) of HIV-positive patients and 36.1% of HIV-negative patients reported risky alcohol consumption (AUDIT-score ≥ 8). In the multivariable analysis among HIV-positive patients depressive symptoms (p = 0.03) and problematic drug use (p = 0.007) were associated with risky alcohol consumption. Among HIV-negative patients these associations were not present. Risky alcohol consumption among HIV-positive patients is prevalent, and together with depressive symptoms and problematic drug use, may influence HIV-disease progression and patients’ wellbeing.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: The Roles of HIV, Hepatitis C Infection, and Alcohol Abuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
pp. 5005-5009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. McGinnis ◽  
Shawn L. Fultz ◽  
Melissa Skanderson ◽  
Joseph Conigliaro ◽  
Kendall Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Hiv Negative

Purpose To explore the relationship of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), and alcohol abuse/dependence to risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Patients and Methods Male veterans (n = 14,018) with a first HIV diagnosis in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System from October 1997 to September 2004; and 28,036 age-, race-, sex-, and location-matched HIV-negative veterans were identified. We examined the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and NHL and presence of HCV and alcohol abuse/dependence using International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9-CM) codes. HIV-positive to HIV-negative incident rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs for the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and NHL were calculated using Poisson regression models. Results HIV-positive veterans were at greater risk for hepatocellular carcinoma than HIV-negative veterans (IRR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.77). After adjusting for HCV infection and alcohol abuse/dependence, HIV status was not independently associated with hepatocellular cancer (IRR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.63). HIV-positive veterans had 9.71 times (95% CI, 6.99 to 13.49) greater risk of NHL than HIV-negative veterans. After adjusting for HCV and alcohol abuse/dependence, the IRR for NHL comparing HIV-positive with HIV-negative veterans is similar (IRR = 10.03, 95% CI, 7.19 to 13.97). Conclusion HIV-positive veterans have a higher relative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and NHL than HIV-negative veterans. For hepatocellular carcinoma, this association appears to be largely explained by the higher prevalence of HCV and alcohol abuse/dependence. Efforts to decrease hepatocellular carcinoma among persons with HIV should focus primarily on detecting and treating HCV and reducing heavy alcohol use.

Clinical Features and Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in HIV-1 Positive and Negative Tanzanian Patients with Tuberculosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kennedy ◽  
Fiona M Whitelaw ◽  
Jacques Gutmann ◽  
Leslie Berger ◽  
Leonard Uiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Β2 Microglobulin ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Negative

Summary: Serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) rises in the later stages of HIV disease and has therefore been used to monitor progression to AIDS. However, little work has been done on patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. We studied clinical features and serum β2-M in 35 Tanzanian patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (9 HIV-positive, 26 HIV-negative). The provisional WHO clinical definition of AIDS for use in Africa was fulfilled by 89% of the HIV-positive and 65% of the HIV-negative patients. Median serum β2-M on admission was slightly higher in HIV-positive (3.17 mg/l) than in HIV-negative (2.85 mg/1) patients. Serum β2-M fell during treatment in 17/24 (71%) of HIV-negative and 3/7 (43%) HIV-positive patients followed up for 6 months. We conclude that serum β2-M is frequently raised in active tuberculosis, and is therefore an unreliable indicator of the stage of HIV disease in co-infected patients. The WHO clinical definition of AIDS also proved unreliable in patients with tuberculosis.

Development of Prothrombotic Repertoire with Progressive HIV Disease: Data from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1057-1057
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Levine ◽  
Cheryl Vigen ◽  
Jay Gravink ◽  
Howard A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Factor Viii Activity ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract HIV infected patients may be at increased risk for VTE, as shown by case reports, and a recent retrospective, longitudinal medical record review of approximately 42,000 HIV-infected individuals (Sullivan, 2000). There is a well documented association between acute and chronic inflammation and activation of the hemostatic system. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 have been shown to activate coagulation via the Tissue Factor pathway. Inflammation can also result in a decrease in functional Protein S, and in an increase in Factor VIII coagulant protein. We hypothesized that the inflammatory state associated with more advanced HIV disease would be associated with hemostatic activation, and clinical development of VTE over time. Methods: We assayed plasma for factor VIII activity levels, functional protein S activity, presence of lupus anticoagulant, and C reactive protein levels in a group of 96 HIV infected women and 50 HIV negative women from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). All assays were performed blinded to subjects HIV status. This cross sectional sample of WIHS participants from the Los Angeles site were studied at their second study visit (1994-5). The sample was selected to represent the following groups: (1) History of clinical AIDS, CD 4&lt; 200; (2) CD4 &lt; 200, no clinical AIDS; (3) HIV positive, CD4 &gt; 200; HIV-negative. Pts were excluded if they were taking any hormones or contraceptives; had been pregnant within 6 weeks of study; had any acute, active infection at the time of study visit. Hemostatic data were correlated with HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, history of clinical AIDS, history of anti-retroviral and other medication use, and levels of serum and plasma C reactive protein (CRP). Results are depicted below for median (inter-quartile range) values, adjusted for age: Group Protein S Factor VIII Serum CRP# 1. Clinical AIDS, CD4 &lt; 200 46* (40,65) 212* (174,253) 2.0 (0.5,4.8) 2. No Clinical AIDS, CD4 &lt; 200 62^ (55,67) 196+ (150, 234) 0.8 (0.7,2.7) 3. HIV+, No Clinical AIDS, CD4 &gt; 200 67.5 (59,83) 154^ (111,202) 0.9 (0.4, 3.3) 4. HIV Negative 75.5 (66,85) 116.5 (97,154) 1.85 (0.8, 5.1) Models were adjusted for age. Groups are significantly different from HIV negative participants (group 4) at the indicated p-values, determined using Scheffe adjustment * p&lt;0.0001 ^p&lt;.05 + p&lt;.001 # CRP Medians are not significantly different for the different groups. No patient or control was found to have a positive assay for the Lupus anticoagulant. We conclude: (1) Increasing progression of HIV disease, from asymptomatic, to immunologic (CD 4&lt; 200) and then clinical AIDS, is associated with progressive increase in factor VIII activity, and decrease in functional protein S; (2) This progressive hemostatic changes were not associated with elevated CRP levels, suggesting that IL-6 is not involved in this process; (3) An increase in VTE is biologically plausible in the setting of HIV infection; (4) Further prospective study is warranted to determine the full range of hemostatic abnormalities associated with HIV, and to determine any correlation between these abnormalities and development of VTE in time.

scholarly journals Association between shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and alcohol

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu-Trang Hickman ◽  
Matthew E. Shuman ◽  
Tatyana A. Johnson ◽  
Felix Yang ◽  
Rebecca R. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Csf Drainage ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVEIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by ventriculomegaly, gait difficulty, incontinence, and dementia. The symptoms can be ameliorated by CSF drainage. The object of this study was to identify factors associated with shunt-responsive iNPH.METHODSThe authors reviewed the medical records of 529 patients who underwent shunt placement for iNPH at their institution between July 2001 and March 2015. Variables associated with shunt-responsive iNPH were identified using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Detailed alcohol consumption information was obtained for 328 patients and was used to examine the relationship between alcohol and shunt-responsive iNPH. A computerized patient registry from 2 academic medical centers was queried to determine the prevalence of alcohol abuse among 1665 iNPH patients.RESULTSBivariate analysis identified associations between shunt-responsive iNPH and gait difficulty (OR 4.59, 95% CI 2.32–9.09; p < 0.0001), dementia (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.14–2.80; p = 0.01), incontinence (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.13–2.76; p = 0.01), and alcohol use (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.23–3.16; p = 0.03). Borderline significance was observed for hyperlipidemia (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.99–2.45; p = 0.054), a family history of hyperlipidemia (OR 3.09, 95% CI 0.93–10.26, p = 0.054), and diabetes (OR 1.83, 95% CI 0.96–3.51; p = 0.064). Multivariate analysis identified associations with gait difficulty (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.81–8.77; p = 0.0006) and alcohol (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.10–3.39; p = 0.04). Increased alcohol intake correlated with greater improvement after CSF drainage. Alcohol abuse was 2.5 times more prevalent among iNPH patients than matched controls.CONCLUSIONSAlcohol consumption is associated with the development of shunt-responsive iNPH.

Sleep Disturbances Associated with Age and HIV

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Vance ◽  
Joe W. Burrage
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

Sleep disturbances are common in normal people of several age groups and those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. In a secondary analysis of data, 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative adults between 30 and 65 years old responded to 5 items about sleep. No statistically significant differences by HIV status or age group were found.

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