Clinical Features and Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in HIV-1 Positive and Negative Tanzanian Patients with Tuberculosis

Summary: Serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) rises in the later stages of HIV disease and has therefore been used to monitor progression to AIDS. However, little work has been done on patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. We studied clinical features and serum β2-M in 35 Tanzanian patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (9 HIV-positive, 26 HIV-negative). The provisional WHO clinical definition of AIDS for use in Africa was fulfilled by 89% of the HIV-positive and 65% of the HIV-negative patients. Median serum β2-M on admission was slightly higher in HIV-positive (3.17 mg/l) than in HIV-negative (2.85 mg/1) patients. Serum β2-M fell during treatment in 17/24 (71%) of HIV-negative and 3/7 (43%) HIV-positive patients followed up for 6 months. We conclude that serum β2-M is frequently raised in active tuberculosis, and is therefore an unreliable indicator of the stage of HIV disease in co-infected patients. The WHO clinical definition of AIDS also proved unreliable in patients with tuberculosis.

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Alcohol Abuse and Stage of HIV Disease in Intravenous Drug Abusers

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/014107689608900709 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 89 (7) ◽

pp. 389-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gerond Lake-Bakaar ◽

Roger Grimson

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Drug Abusers ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Needle Sharing ◽

Heavy Drinkers ◽

History Of ◽

Intravenous Drug Abusers ◽

Hiv Negative

Our objective was to identify factors that might correlate with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease stage in intravenous drug abusers (IVDA). Particular attention was given to alcohol abuse. We accordingly explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between stage of HIV disease and age, sex, needle sharing, ethnicity, self-reported history of alcohol consumption and CAGE scores. IVDA from a single municipal hospital were subdivided into three groups according to HIV disease status. Group 1 comprised 42 individuals with AIDS; group 2 comprised 114 who were HIV positive but without AIDS; and group 3 comprised 52 who were HIV negative. Information on alcohol consumption and CAGE responses were obtained by questionnaire and interview. Discriminant analysis indicated that alcohol abuse, assessed either by self-reported consumption or by CAGE scores, was significantly more common in the AIDS group than in either the HIV positive or the HIV negative groups, when controlled for age, sex, and needle sharing status. The relative risk of AIDS was 3.8 times higher in the heavy drinkers than in moderate drinkers. Needle sharing was also more common in the AIDS group than in the HIV positive or HIV negative groups when the other factors were controlled for. AIDS was more common in black than white IVDA, and this increased frequency did not appear related to alcohol consumption since the distribution of heavy drinkers within each category of HIV disease did not differ within the ethnic groups. These data indicate that a history of heavy alcohol consumption is more common in IVDA with AIDS than in IVDA at earlier stages of HIV disease.

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Morphometric analysis of dendritic cells from anal mucosa of HIV-positive patients and the relation to intraepithelial lesions and cancer seen at a tertiary health institution in Brazil

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502011000600019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 521-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adriana Gonçalves Daumas Pinheiro Guimarães ◽

Roberto Moreira da Silva Junior ◽

Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa ◽

Ivan Tramujas da Costa e Silva ◽

Felicidad Santos Gimenez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Viral Load ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Relative Volume ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Hiv Negative

PURPOSE: To morphometrically quantify CD1a+ dentritic cells and DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in HIV-positive patients with anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and to evaluate the effects of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy and HPV infection on epithelial and subepithelial dendritic cells. METHODS: A prospective study was performed to morphometrically analyze the relative volume of the dendritic cells and the relationship between anal intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in HIV-positive patients from the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas, Brazil. All patients were submitted to biopsies of anorectal mucosa to perform a classic histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, employing antibodies against CD1a and DC-SIGN for the morphometric quantification of dendritic cells. RESULTS: HIV-negative patients displayed a CD1a DC density significantly higher than that of HIV-positives patients (3.75 versus 2.54) (p=0.018), and in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia had correlated between DC CD1a density with levels of CD4 + cells (p: 0.04) as well as the viral load of HIV-1 (p: 0.035). A not significant rise in the median density of CD1a+ DC was observed in the HIV positive/ HAART positive subgroup compared to the HIV positive/ HAART negative subgroup. The CD1a+ DC were also significantly increased in HIV-negative patients with anorectal condyloma (2.33 to 3.53; p=0.05), with an opposite effect in HIV-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support an enhancement of the synergistic action caused by HIV-HPV co-infection on the anal epithelium, weakening the DC for its major role in immune surveillance. Notoriously in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the density of CD1a+ epithelial dendritic cells was influenced by the viral load of HIV-1. Our study describes for the first time the density of subepithelial DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in patients with anal severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia and points to the possibility that a specific therapy for HIV induces the recovery of the density of epithelial DC.

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Radiological Findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with and Without HIV Infections

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v16i1.1174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Radhiana binti Hassan ◽

Haziq Hussaini bin Fauzi ◽

Kamil Irsyad bin Yusoff ◽

Muhammad Faizol bin Mohd Satar ◽

Hafizah bt Pasi

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Chest Radiograph ◽

Chest Radiographs ◽

Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

P Value ◽

Radiological Findings ◽

Radiological Manifestation ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction: Radiological manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive patients is different with HIV negative patients. We aim to determine the differences in chest radiological findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV and non-HIV infected patients in HTAA. Materials and method: A retrospective study was conducted in Chest Clinic, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan Pahang. There were 101 chest radiographs with sputum smear-positive retrieved and reviewed. Socio-demographic status and chest radiographs findings were documented and analyzed. Results: Of the 101 patients, 12 patients were HIV positive. Of the 89 HIV negative patients, 96% had consolidation change on chest radiograph, in contrast with HIV positive patients, only 4% among them had this appearance and this is statistically significant (p value less than 0.05). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is significantly higher (17%) in HIV positive patients compared to HIV negative patients (1%). Normal chest radiographs were more common in HIV positive patients (33%) as compared to HIV negative patients (2%). Conclusion: HIV positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis exhibit different radiological manifestation on chest radiograph when compared to HIV negative patients.

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Nursing patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Oxford Handbook of Adult Nursing ◽

10.1093/med/9780199231355.003.0018 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 637-650

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Patient Education ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Continuing Care ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Nursing Assessment ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

Introduction 638 Problems experienced by patients with HIV 639 Nursing assessment to establish HIV 640 Nursing problems 642 Psychosocial problems 646 Patient education 647 Discharge and continuing care 648 Common drugs used for patients with HIV 649 The term ‘HIV disease’ is used to cover the spectrum of illness (and wellness) of individuals diagnosed with HIV. More than 40 million people are HIV positive and more than half live in Africa (WHO 2004). There are two types of virus that produce similar illnesses; the most common is the retrovirus HIV-1....

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Clinical features and index of suspicion in adults (HIV-negative and HIV-positive)

Tuberculosis ◽

10.1016/b978-1-4160-3988-4.00017-2 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 164-168

Author(s):

D MAHER

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Negative

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Simultaneous Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Kaposi’s Sarcoma in an Immunocompetent Subject: A Case Report and Literature Review

Case Reports in Pulmonology ◽

10.1155/2019/5453031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Sofia Baina ◽

Jihane Achrane ◽

Jouda Benamor ◽

Jamal Eddine Bourkadi

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽

Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Negative Patient ◽

Different Types ◽

Hiv Negative

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) occurs as a pathological entity that may be classified into four different types: classic, endemic, epidemic, and iatrogenic. It can arise among HIV-positive subjects or within immunosuppression, yet exceptionally of tuberculous origin. We describe a new case report of an HIV-negative patient, manifesting Kaposi’s disease in the course of tuberculosis, with the aim to assess this uncommon disorder and to outline this rare atypical association.

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Sleep Disturbances Associated with Age and HIV

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.96.2.433-434 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 433-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David E. Vance ◽

Joe W. Burrage

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Age Groups ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Age Group ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Normal People ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Negative

Sleep disturbances are common in normal people of several age groups and those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. In a secondary analysis of data, 50 HIV-positive and 50 HIV-negative adults between 30 and 65 years old responded to 5 items about sleep. No statistically significant differences by HIV status or age group were found.

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Status of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease ◽

10.1177/20499361211042477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 204993612110424

Author(s):

Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽

Benson Musinguzi ◽

James Mwesigye ◽

Kennedy Kassaza ◽

Joseph Turigurwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Study Participant ◽

University Teaching ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Pulmonary mycoses are important diseases of the respiratory tract caused by pulmonary fungal pathogens. These pathogens are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide; however, less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Method: This was a hospital based cross sectional survey. Sputum samples were collected from each study participant. For each sample, the following tests were performed: Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungal culture, GeneXpert for Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB) and potassium hydroxide for fungal screening. Filamentous fungal growth and yeasts were further examined with lactophenol cotton blue staining and germ tube respectively. Results: Out of 113 study participants, 80 (70.7%) had pulmonary fungal pathogens whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis numbered five (4.4%). Candida albicans [21 (22.58%)] and Aspergillus species [16 (17.20%)] were the pathogens most identified among others. Two (1.7%) TB GeneXpert positive participants had fungal pathogens isolated from their sputum samples. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for pulmonary fungal pathogen (PFP) isolates, three (60.0%) for MTB in HIV positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFP, and zero (0.0%) for MTB in HIV negative patients. On the other hand, two (100%) HIV positive patients had both PFP isolates and MTB. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the diversity of neglected pulmonary fungal pathogens whose known medical importance in causing pulmonary mycoses cannot be overemphasised. Therefore this presents a need for routine diagnosis for pulmonary mycoses among TB suspects and set-up of antimicrobial profile for pulmonary fungal isolates to support clinical management of these cases.

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