Glutamine Supplementation Increases Postprandial Energy Expenditure and Fat Oxidation in Humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soh Iwashita ◽  
Catherine Mikus ◽  
Shawn Baier ◽  
Paul J. Flakoll
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Moderate Exercise, Postprandial Energy Expenditure, and Substrate Use in Varying Meals in Lean and Obese Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Stiegler ◽  
S. Andrew Sparks ◽  
Adam Cunliffe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Maximizing postprandial energy expenditure and fat oxidation could be of clinical relevance for the treatment of obesity. This study investigated the effect of prior exercise on energy expenditure and substrate utilization after meals containing varying amounts of macronutrients. Eight lean (11.6% ± 4.0% body fat, M ± SD) and 12 obese (35.9% ± 5.3% body fat) men were randomly assigned to a protein (43% protein, 30% carbohydrate) or a carbohydrate (10% protein, 63% carbohydrate) meal. The metabolic responses to the meals were investigated during 2 trials, when meals were ingested after a resting period (D) or cycling exercise (Ex+D; 65% of oxygen consumption reserve, 200 kcal). Energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and glucose and insulin responses were measured for 4 hr during the postprandial phase. Although postprandial energy expenditure was not affected by prior exercise, the total amount of fat oxidized was higher during Ex+D than during D (170.8 ± 60.1 g vs. 137.8 ± 50.8 g, p < .05), and, accordingly, the use of carbohydrate as substrate was decreased (136.4 ± 45.2 g vs. 164.0 ± 42.9 g, p < .05). After the protein meal fat-oxidation rates were higher than after carbohydrate intake (p < .05), an effect independent of prior exercise. Plasma insulin tended to be lower during Ex+D (p = .072) and after the protein meal (p = .066). No statistically significant change in postprandial blood glucose was induced by prior exercise. Exercising before meal consumption can result in a marked increase in fat oxidation, which is independent of the type of meal consumed.

High-level medium-chain triglyceride feeding and energy expenditure in normal-weight women

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Alexandrou ◽  
Gene R. Herzberg ◽  
Matthew D. White
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

The objective of this study was to assess how short-term feeding of high levels of dietary medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) affect energy expenditure and postprandial substrate oxidation rates in normal-weight, premenopausal women. Eight healthy women were fed both a MCT-rich and an isocaloric long-chain triglyceride (LCT)-rich diet for two 1-week periods separated by a minimum of 21 days. The energy intake in each diet was 45% carbohydrates, 40% fat, and 15% protein. The 2 diets had either 60.81% or 1.11% of total fat energy from MCT with the remaining fat energy intake from LCT. On days 1 and 7 of each diet, resting metabolic rate and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) were measured by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood. Results indicated on days 1 and 7, there were no significant differences between diets for resting metabolic rate or mean postprandial EE. On both days 1 and 7, fat oxidation for the MCT-rich diet was significantly greater (0.0001 ≤ p ≤ 0.04) than that for the LCT-rich diet at different time points across the 5.5 h postprandial period. In conclusion, for premenopausal, normal-weight women consuming a diet with 25% of the energy content from MCT, there were no changes in resting metabolic rate, transient increases in postprandial energy expenditure, and significant increases in postprandial fat oxidation.

scholarly journals Dietary Fat Chain Length, Saturation, and PUFA Source Acutely Affect Diet-Induced Thermogenesis but Not Satiety in Adults in a Randomized, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2615
Author(s):  
Bret M. Rust ◽  
Susan K. Raatz ◽  
Shanon L. Casperson ◽  
Sara E. Duke ◽  
Matthew J. Picklo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

Structural differences in dietary fatty acids modify their rate of oxidation and effect on satiety, endpoints that may influence the development of obesity. This study tests the hypothesis that meals containing fat sources with elevated unsaturated fats will result in greater postprandial energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and satiety than meals containing fats with greater saturation. In a randomized, 5-way crossover design, healthy men and women (n = 23; age: 25.7 ± 6.6 years; BMI: 27.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2) consumed liquid meals containing 30 g of fat from heavy cream (HC), olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SFO), flaxseed oil (FSO), and fish oil (FO). Energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) were determined by metabolic rate over a 240 min postprandial period. Serum concentrations of ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol (TAG) were assessed. DIT induced by SFO was 5% lower than HC and FO (p = 0.04). Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation did not differ between fat sources. Postprandial TAG concentrations were significantly affected by fat source (p = 0.0001). Varying fat sources by the degree of saturation and PUFA type modified DIT but not satiety responses in normal to obese adult men and women.

Total peptide YY is a correlate of postprandial energy expenditure but not of appetite or energy intake in healthy women

Metabolism ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éric Doucet ◽  
Manon Laviolette ◽  
Pascal Imbeault ◽  
Irene Strychar ◽  
Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Postprandial Energy Expenditure

scholarly journals β-Adrenergically Stimulated Fat Oxidation Is Diminished in Middle-Aged Compared to Young Subjects*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3764-3769
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
W. H. M. Saris
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract The effect of aging on β-adrenergically mediated substrate utilization was investigated in nine young (25.2 ± 1.7 yr old) and eight older males (52.9 ± 2.1 yr old), matched for body weight and body composition. In a first experiment, the nonselectiveβ -agonist isoprenaline (ISO) was infused in increasing standardized doses, and during each infusion period energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry. In a second experiment, forearm skeletal muscle metabolism was studied during a standardized infusion dose of ISO (19 ng/kg fat-free mass·min). During β-adrenergic stimulation there was an increased carbohydrate oxidation (at an ISO infusion dose of 24 ng/kg fat-free mass·min, 31% vs. 21% of total energy expenditure; P &lt; 0.05) and a decreased fat oxidation (51 vs. 62 of total energy expenditure; P &lt; 0.05) in older compared to young subjects. Skeletal muscle lactate release significantly increased in the older subjects (from −175 ± 32 to −366 ± 66 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min), whereas there was no change in young subjects (from− 32 ± 21 to 23 ± 57 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min; interaction group × ISO, P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, there was a tendency toward a blunted ISO-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid uptake in the older subjects (interaction group × ISO, P = 0.062). Thus, middle-aged subjects have a blunted ability to oxidize fat during β-adrenergic stimulation compared to young subjects. This diminished fat oxidation may be an important etiological factor in the age-related increase in body fatness and obesity by favoring fat storage above oxidation.

Changes in 24-h substrate oxidation in older and younger men in response to exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
William T. Donahoo ◽  
Gary K. Grunwald ◽  
Robert Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Time Point

The purpose of this study was to compare 24-h substrate oxidation in older (OM; 60–75 yr, n = 7) and younger (YM; 20–30 yr, n = 7) men studied on sedentary day (Con) and on a day with exercise (Ex; net energy expenditure = 300 kcal). Plasma glucose and free fatty acids were also measured at several time points during the 24-h measurement. Weight was not different in OM and YM (means ± SD; 84.8 ± 16.9 vs. 81.4 ± 10.4 kg, respectively), although percent body fat was slightly higher in OM (25.9 ± 3.5 vs. 21.9 ± 9.7%; P = 0.17).Values of 24-h energy expenditure did not differ in OM and YM on the Con (means ± SE; 2,449 ± 162 vs. 2,484 ± 104 kcal/day, respectively) or Ex (2,902 ± 154 vs. 2,978 ± 122 kcal/day) days. Under both conditions, 24-h respiratory quotient was significantly lower and fat oxidation significantly higher in OM. Glucose concentrations were not different at any time point, but plasma free fatty acid concentrations were higher in OM, particularly following meals. Thus, under these controlled conditions, 24-h fat oxidation was not reduced and was in fact greater in OM. We speculate that differences in the availability of circulating free fatty acids in the postprandial state contributed to the observed differences in 24-h fat oxidation in OM and YM.

Metabolic response to feeding in weight-losing pancreatic cancer patients and its modulation by a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. BARBER ◽  
Donald C. MCMILLAN ◽  
Tom PRESTON ◽  
James A. ROSS ◽  
Kenneth C. H. FEARON
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Healthy Control

Weight-losing patients with advanced cancer often fail to gain weight with conventional nutritional support. This suboptimal response might be explained, in part, by an increased metabolic response to feeding. It has been suggested that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can modify beneficially the metabolic response to cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the metabolic response to feeding in cancer and the effects of an EPA-enriched oral food supplement on this response. A total of 16 weight-losing, non-diabetic patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma and six healthy, weight-stable controls were studied by indirect calorimetry in the fasting and fed states. Body composition was estimated by bioimpedence analysis. Cancer patients were then given a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement providing 2 g of EPA and 2550 kJ daily, and underwent repeat metabolic study after 3 weeks of such supplementation. At baseline, resting energy expenditure whether expressed per kg body weight, lean body mass or body cell mass was significantly greater in the cancer patients compared with controls. Fat oxidation was significantly higher in the fasting state in cancer patients [median 1.26 g·kg-1·min-1 (interquartile range 0.95–1.38)] than in controls [0.76 g·kg-1·min-1 (0.62–0.92); P < 0.05]. Over the 4 h feeding period, changes in insulin and glucose concentrations in cancer patients suggested relative glucose intolerance. In response to oral meal feeding, the percentage change in the area under the curve of energy expenditure was significantly lower in the cancer patients [median 7.9% (interquartile range 3.4–9.0)] than in controls [12.6% (9.9–15.1); P < 0.01]. After 3 weeks of the EPA-enriched supplement, the body weight of the cancer patients had increased and the energy expenditure in response to feeding had risen significantly [9.6% (6.3–12.4)], such that it was no different from baseline healthy control values. Similarly, fasting fat oxidation fell to 1.02 g·kg-1·min-1 (0.8–1.18), again no longer significantly different from baseline healthy control values. While weight-losing patients with advanced pancreatic cancer have an increased resting energy expenditure and increased fat oxidation, the energy cost of feeding is, in fact, reduced. Provision of a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement results in some normalization of the metabolic response in both the fasted and fed states, in association with an improvement in nutritional status.

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