Infusion of Enteral vs Parenteral Nutrients Using High-Concentration Branch-Chain Amino Acids: Effect on Wound Healing in the Postoperative Rat

Abstract Porewater samples from the upper Qu’Appelle River basin in Saskatchewan, Canada, were analyzed to obtain metal, inorganic ligand and amino add profiles. These data were used to compute the aqueous speciation of the metals in each porewater using the computer program GEOCHEM-PC. The porewaters were classified as slightly to moderately saline. Metal concentrations reflected both the geology of the drainage basin and the impact of anthropogenic activities. Whereas K and Na were present almost entirely as the free aquo ions, carbonate equilibria dominated the speciation of Ca. Mg and Mn (the predominant metal ligand species were of the type MCO3 (s). MCO30. and MHCO3+). Trace metal concentrations were generally within the ranges reported for non-polluted freshwater systems. Whereas the speciation of the trace metals Cr(III) and Co(II) was dominated by carbonate equilibria, Hg(II)-, Zn(II)- and Fe(II)-speciation was dominated by hydroxy-metal complexes of the type M(OH)+ and M(OH)2°. The speciation of Fe(III) was dominated by Fe(OH)3 (s). In porewaters with high chloride concentrations (> 2 mM), however, significant amounts of Hg(II) were bound as HgCl20 and HgClOH0. The aqueous speciation of Al was dominated by Al(OH)4− and Al2Si2O4(OH)6 (s). Total concentrations of dissolved free amino acids varied from 15.21 to 25.17 umole L−1. The most important metal scavenging amino acids were histidine (due to high stability constants for the metal-histidine complexes) and tryptophan (due to its relatively high concentration in the porewaters. i.e., 5.96 to 7.73 umole L−1). Secondary concentrations of various trace metal-amino add complexes were computed for all the porewaters, but metal-amino acid complexes dominated the speciation of Cu(II) in all the porewaters and Ni(II) in two of the porewaters.

Download Full-text

Amino Acids as Gustatory Stimuli in the Rat

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.45.4.681 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 681-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Bruce P. Halpern ◽

Rudy A. Bernard ◽

Morley R. Kare

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Neural Activity ◽

Receptor Site ◽

Chorda Tympani ◽

Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽

High Concentration ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Common Receptor ◽

Amino Acid Solutions ◽

Selection Of

Neural activity in intact chorda tympani nerve of rats was studied with an electronic summator. Neural activity increased when amino acid solutions 0.01 M or above passed over the tongue. Response magnitude, at concentrations close to solubility limits for the amino acids tested, was: DL-methionine < DL-tryptophan < DL-valine < DL-alanine < glycine < 0.1 M NaCl. Maximum response magnitudes to 1 M D-, and 1.2 M DL-alanine, and 1.5 M glycine developed in 1 to 3 minutes. Following such stimulation, a 63 per cent reduction in response to 0.1 M NaCl occurred 60 minutes after the first stimulation (medians). The depression was still present 20 hours later. Responses to glycine and alanine were not depressed. Amino acids vs. water preferences were investigated. With ascending concentration sequences, rats selected low concentration DL- and L-alanine and glycine; accepted D-, L-, and DL-tryptophan and low concentration DL-methionine; and rejected high concentration glycine, DL-alanine, and DL-methionine. Descending sequences showed depressed and delayed selection of glycine and DL-alanine, and DL-methionine and D- and L-tryptophan rejection. Both groups rejected DL-valine. It is concluded that glycine and alanine receptor effects differ from those of NaCl, but that all three compounds may affect a common receptor site. Prior exposure to amino acids may modify subsequent neural and/or behavioral responses.

Download Full-text

Review: Aktivitas Farmakologi Dan Perkembangan Produk Dari Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.)

Jurnal Pharmascience ◽

10.20527/jps.v6i1.6073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Dian Kurnia ◽

Prima Happy Ratnapuri

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Pharmacological Activities

ABSTRAK Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) diketahui mengandung banyak senyawa kimia alami, seperti antrakuinon, asam amino, acemannan, aloesin, glukomanan yang bertanggungjawab memberikan efek teraupetik yang bermanfaat dalam dunia farmasi. Review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait aktivitas farmakologi dan perkembangan produk dari lidah buaya dalam bidang farmasi. Pada Review artikel ini data yang disajikan diperoleh dari literatur online berupa jurnal dan artikel ilmiah publikasi lokal maupun internasional dan literatur offline berupa buku dan e-book. Diketahui bahwa lidah buaya memiliki berbagai aktivitas farmakologi yaitu sebagai antiinflamasi, berperan dalam penyembuhan luka, antibakteri, antifungi, antivirus, antioksidan, antikanker, antitumor, antikolesterol, dan antiulcer. Penggunaan lidah buaya dalam produk farmasi juga telah mengalami perkembangan diantaranya yaitu sediaan nano partikel, tablet, suppositoria, gel dan krim. Kata Kunci— Aloe vera L., Aktivitas farmakologi, Perkembangan produk ABSTRACT Aloe vera L. contains many natural chemical compounds, such as anthraquinone, amino acids, acemannan, aloesin, glucomannan which are responsible for providing therapeutic effects that are useful in pharmaceutical. The aims of this review is to provide information about pharmacological activities and products development of Aloe vera. In this article review, online and offline literatures were used. Online literature such us journals and articles obtained from local and international, while the offline literature such us books and e-books. It is known that aloe vera has a variety of pharmacological activities, that act as antiinflammatory, wound healing, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, antitumor, anticholesterol, and antiulcer. Pharmaceutical products of Aloe vera also have been developed such us nanoparticles products, tablets, suppositories, gels and creams. Keywords— Aloe vera L., Pharmacological activities, Products development

Download Full-text

A Few Experimental Suggestions Using Minerals to Obtain Peptides with a High Concentration of L-Amino Acids and Protein Amino Acids

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12122046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2046

Author(s):

Dimas A. M. Zaia ◽

Cássia Thaïs B. V. Zaia

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Rna World ◽

High Concentration ◽

Protein World ◽

Protein Amino Acids ◽

Hydrothermal Environment ◽

World Hypothesis ◽

Prebiotic Earth ◽

Hydrothermal Environments ◽

Selection Of

The peptides/proteins of all living beings on our planet are mostly made up of 19 L-amino acids and glycine, an achiral amino acid. Arising from endogenous and exogenous sources, the seas of the prebiotic Earth could have contained a huge diversity of biomolecules (including amino acids), and precursors of biomolecules. Thus, how were these amino acids selected from the huge number of available amino acids and other molecules? What were the peptides of prebiotic Earth made up of? How were these peptides synthesized? Minerals have been considered for this task, since they can preconcentrate amino acids from dilute solutions, catalyze their polymerization, and even make the chiral selection of them. However, until now, this problem has only been studied in compartmentalized experiments. There are separate experiments showing that minerals preconcentrate amino acids by adsorption or catalyze their polymerization, or separate L-amino acids from D-amino acids. Based on the [GADV]-protein world hypothesis, as well as the relative abundance of amino acids on prebiotic Earth obtained by Zaia, several experiments are suggested. The main goal of these experiments is to show that using minerals it is possible, at least, to obtain peptides whose composition includes a high quantity of L-amino acids and protein amino acids (PAAs). These experiments should be performed using hydrothermal environments and wet/dry cycles. In addition, for hydrothermal environment experiments, it is very important to use one of the suggested artificial seawaters, and for wet/dry environments, it is important to perform the experiments in distilled water and diluted salt solutions. Finally, from these experiments, we suggest that, without an RNA world or even a pre genetic world, a small peptide set could emerge that better resembles modern proteins.

Download Full-text

Peptide Cyclization at High Concentration

Synlett ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1707165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (16) ◽

pp. 1537-1542

Author(s):

Monika Raj ◽

Rachel D. Wills ◽

Victor T. Adebomi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Cyclic Peptides ◽

High Concentration ◽

Peptide Cyclization ◽

Synthetic Strategy ◽

New Methodologies ◽

High Concentrations

The emergence of cyclic peptides as pharmaceuticals has led to an eruption of new methodologies for macrocyclization. However, the cyclization of peptides at high concentrations presents a challenge due to the production of side products like dimers and oligomers. This factor is more pronounced with the cyclization of peptides composed of fewer than seven amino acids, thus has created a need for a new synthetic strategy. Herein, we will elucidate a new chemoselective method termed ‘CyClick’ that works in an exclusively intramolecular fashion preventing the formation of commonly occurring side products such as dimers and oligomers, even at relatively high concentration.1 Introduction2 Known Methodologies3 Novel CyClick Chemistry4 Conclusion and Outlook

Download Full-text

Exosomes derived from mmu_circ_0000250-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote wound healing in diabetic mice by inducing miR-128-3p/SIRT1-mediated autophagy

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00041.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (5) ◽

pp. C848-C856 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rongfeng Shi ◽

Yinpeng Jin ◽

Weiwei Hu ◽

Weishuai Lian ◽

Chuanwu Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Luciferase Reporter Assay ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Reporter Assay ◽

High Concentration ◽

Promote Wound Healing

More and more evidence advises that circular RNAs (circRNAs) function critically in regulating different disease microenvironments. Our previous study found that autotransplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) promotes diabetes wound healing. Exosomes derived in ADSCs play an important regulatory role. This study aimed to characterize if mmu_circ_0000250 played a role in ADSC-exosome-mediated full-thickness skin wound repair in diabetic rats. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were selected to study the therapeutic mechanism of exosomes in high-glucose (HG)-induced cell damage and dysfunction. Analysis and luciferase reporter assay were utilized to explore the interaction among mmu_circ_0000250, miRNA (miR)-128-3p, and sirtuin (SIRT)1. The diabetic rats were used to confirm the therapeutic effect of mmu_circ_0000250 against exosome-mediated wound healing. Exosomes containing a high concentration of mmu_circ_0000250 had a greater therapeutic effect on restoration of the function of EPCs by promotion autophagy activation under HG conditions. Expression of mmu_circ_0000250 promoted SIRT1 expression by miR-128-3p adsorption, which was confirmed via luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics analysis. In vivo, exosomes containing a high concentration of mmu_circ_0000250 had a more therapeutic effect on wound healing when compared with wild-type exosomes from ADSCs. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence detection showed that mmu_circ_0000250 increased angiopoiesis with exosome treatment in wound skin and suppressed apoptosis by autophagy activation. In conclusion, we verified that mmu_circ_0000250 enhanced the therapeutic effect of ADSC-exosomes to promote wound healing in diabetes by absorption of miR-128-3p and upregulation of SIRT1. Therefore, these findings advocate targeting the mmu_circ_0000250/miR-128-3p/SIRT1 axis as a candidate therapeutic option for diabetic ulcers.

Download Full-text

Effect of Oral Administration of Active Peptides of Pinctada Martensii on the Repair of Skin Wounds

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17120697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 697 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Faming Yang ◽

Xiaoming Qin ◽

Ting Zhang ◽

Chaohua Zhang ◽

Haisheng Lin

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Type Iii Collagen ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Active Peptides ◽

Pinctada Martensii

Skin wound healing, especially chronic wound healing, is a common challenging clinical problem. It is urgent to broaden the sources of bioactive substances that can safely and efficiently promote skin wound healing. This study aimed to observe the effects of active peptides (APs) of the mantle of Pinctada martensii on wound healing. After physicochemical analysis of amino acids and mass spectrometry of APs, the effect of APs on promoting healing was studied through a whole cortex wound model on the back of mice for 18 consecutive days. The results showed that APs consisted of polypeptides with molecular weights in the range 302.17–2936.43 Da. The content of polypeptides containing 2–15 amino acids accounted for 73.87%, and the hydrophobic amino acids accounted for 56.51%. Results of in vitro experimentation showed that mice in APs-L group which were fed a low dose of APs (0.5 g/kg bw) had a shortened epithelialization time due to a shortening inflammatory period (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, this relied on its specific ability to promote the proliferation of CD31, FGF and EGF which accelerated the percentage of wound closure. Moreover, the APs-L group mice had enhanced collagen synthesis and increased type III collagen content in their wounds through a TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway (p > 0.05). Consequently, scar formation was inhibited and wound healing efficiency was significantly improved. These results show that the APs of Pinctada martensii promote dermal wound healing in mice and have tremendous potential for development and utilization in skin wound healing.

Download Full-text

Incorporation of Sulfur Amino Acids by Leucocytes during Wound Healing

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/8.5.520 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 520-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin B Williamson ◽

Mary V Whalen ◽

Harold B Haley

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Normal Control ◽

Sulfur Amino Acids ◽

The Third

Abstract The effect of wounding on the uptake of S35-labeled amino acids by leucocytes of the blood was studied. Although a significant increase in the rate of uptake of cystine was observed after wounding, there appeared to be no effect on the incorporation of methionine. The effect was most pronounced on the third day after wounding; by the seventh day, the uptake of cystine had returned almost to the normal control rate. Experiments with substances which inhibit metabolism indicated that different mechanisms are involved in the uptake of methionine and of cystine by leucocytes.

Download Full-text