scholarly journals Regional Knowledge Capabilities, Entrepreneurial Activity, and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Italian NUTS-3 Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 016001762110341
Author(s):  
Taewon Kang ◽  
Sira Maliphol ◽  
Dieter F. Kogler ◽  
Keungoui Kim
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Spillover Theory ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Knowledge Capability

Knowledge has replaced labor as the key factor for productivity growth in innovation discourse. The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship (KSTE) provides the theoretical foundation to bridge the gap between knowledge and productivity growth. The way regional knowledge actually contributes to productivity growth requires a theoretical explanation because knowledge capability is an indirect and intangible input for regional productivity growth. Previous research has shown that entrepreneurship alone is insufficient to drive productivity improvements. We examine how knowledge capabilities lead to meaningful growth outcomes of new firms in a region. This study examines the determinants of productivity growth by analyzing the factors of entrepreneurship and knowledge capabilities at the regional level, especially considering the moderating effect of entrepreneurship between knowledge and regional growth; by comparing different dimensions of local knowledge capabilities; and by aggregating the contribution of knowledge capabilities and entrepreneurship to productivity growth at the regional level. The empirical analysis is performed on Italian NUTS-3 regions by utilizing an integrated data set combining patent data from the EPO PATSTAT database, and regional data from Eurostat regional statistics. This study makes two main contributions to the KSTE literature by linking knowledge, entrepreneurship, and regional growth and by providing empirical results on different aspects of regional knowledge capability. Our findings identify which types of local knowledge capabilities are more important and how related innovative activity interacts with entrepreneurial activity, elucidating the mechanisms by which knowledge affects labor productivity through entrepreneurship.

THE APPLICATION OF WELLBEING RESEARCH TO REGIONAL LEVEL IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintarė VAZNONIENĖ ◽  
Bernardas VAZNONIS
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Development Context

In this article the significance of wellbeing research in the regional level in Lithuania has been analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of the objective and subjective wellbeing research have been evaluated. The results of the analysis of wellbeing research reveal that the wellbeing research in the regional level is poorly amplified, the wellbeing research in the social sciences is not marked, the wellbeing is investigated in other fields not in social sciences or according to the aims of the researher and more often causes and outcomes of social economical inequality for regional development are emphasized. Scientific studies show that wellbeing research can have big influence for shaping the future of regions because it concerns local people, their choices and overall wellbeing of a particular region. Findings from foreign countries good practice disclose that wellbeing is currently widely used as a key factor and trend for the development policy evaluation. Accordingly in this article big attention is drawn to wellbeing research possible effect for policymakers. It can be concluded that wellbeing research should become an important discussion object in the regional development context because it reveals the situation about people overall wellbeing and particular life domains. The main aim of this article is to analyse the importance of wellbeing research to regional level in Lithuania. The research problem of this article is the fact that the poor experience of wellbeing research in Lithuania insufficiently reveals the wellbeing expression and use in the regional level. In the research common research methods like analysis and synthesis of the scientific literature, analysis of documents and comparative analysis have been employed.

scholarly journals Structural transformation and productivity in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cavalcanti Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Fonseca da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Modern Services

AbstractThis article examines the effects of sectorial shifts and structural transformation on the recent productivity path of Latin America. We use a four-sector (agriculture, industry, modern services and traditional services) general equilibrium model calibrated to the main economies in the region. The model very closely replicates labor reallocations across sectors and the growth of aggregate labor productivity from 1950 to 2005. Structural transformation explains a sizeable portion of the region’s convergence in the first decades. In most cases, the poor performance of the traditional services sector is the main cause of the slowdown in productivity growth observed in the region after the mid-1970s and is a key factor in explaining the divergence during this period.

Targeted state economic development incentives and entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Patrick Tuszynski ◽  
Dean Stansel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Economic Development Incentives ◽  
State Economic Development ◽  
Development Incentives ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between state economic development incentives programs and entrepreneurial activity. Design/methodology/approach The authors use panel data and a fixed-effects model to examine the determinants of five measures of entrepreneurial activity. To measure state economic development incentives programs, they use a new and substantially improved data set from Bartik (2017). They also include a measure for economic freedom, the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of North America index. Findings The authors find a robustly negative relationship between development incentives and patent activity. They find some evidence that incentives are negatively associated with small business establishments (<10 employees) as a percentage of total establishments but positively associated with the large business establishment (>500 employees) share. They also find evidence of a positive relationship between economic freedom and both patent activity and net business formation. Research limitations/implications The results imply that economic development incentive programs are unlikely to increase entrepreneurial activity and may decrease it. They also imply increased economic freedom (lower taxes, lower spending, and lower governmental restrictions on labor markets) may increase entrepreneurial activity. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this paper provides the first examination of the relationship between development incentives and entrepreneurial activity that utilizes Bartik (2017), a new vastly improved data set of state economic development incentive programs. The paper also contributes to the literature on the relationship between economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity.

ICT and Regional Growth in Europe

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
George M. Korres
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Productivity Enhancement

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been at the heart of economic changes for more than a decade. ICT producing sectors play an important role, notably by contributing to rapid technological progress and productivity growth. The existence of a widely accepted definition of the ICT sector is the first step towards making comparisons across time and countries possible. International comparisons are made more difficult by the lack of harmonization in the definitions of indicators. Accordingly, there is renewed interest in measuring productive efficiency to determine the degree of inefficiency (if any) and the sources of inefficiency, if it exists. This chapter provides a broad theoretical and empirical review regarding productive efficiency as well as its relationship to productivity enhancement, especially focusing on ICT and FDI investments, comprising two of the most important productivity enhancement means.

scholarly journals Method for Monitoring of Managing the Modernization of Regional Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
T. Krasnova ◽  
T. Plotnikova ◽  
A. Pozdnyakov ◽  
A. Vilgelm
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Data Set ◽  
New Approach

This paper proposes a new approach for monitoring of managing the modernisation of regional economic. The model built on proposed methodology will make it possible to smooth out the influence of non-urban areas on the unevenness of economic activity in spatial development. This paper has two goals. The first is to provide a new compilation of data on spatial distribution of economic activity at the sub-regional level. This data set allows us to monitoring of different indicators within macroregions such as Siberia. The second goal is to construct an instrument that helps to overcome the endogeneity problem using new economic geography hypothesis about the mechanisms of distribution of economic activity. Section 2 describes the data and method that we have proposed, discusses the construction of the Theil indexes using these data at the sub-federal and the sub-regional level. Section 3 presents the correlations between spatial distribution of economic activity and local market potential, discusses the robustness of the results; and the last section concludes.

scholarly journals Understanding controversies in the α-ω and ω-β phase transformations of zirconium from nonhydrostatic thermodynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Ying-Hua Li ◽  
Yan-Qin Gu ◽  
Ling-Cang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Thermodynamic Formalism ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSignificant debate has been noted in the α-ω and ω-β phase transformations of zirconium. The initial pressure of the α-to-ω transformation at room temperature has been reported to vary from 0.25 to 7.0 GPa, while the hydrostatic transformation is believed to occur at approximately 2.2 GPa. Shear stress is commonly considered as a key factor leading to the discrepancy. However, the principal mechanisms previously proposed concluded that the phase transformation pressure would be decreased in the presence of shear stress. The experimental results of the α-ω transformation in zirconium are contrary to this conclusion. In the ω-β phase diagram of zirconium, the dT/dP along the phase boundary near the α-ω-β triple-point was reported to be either positive or negative, but no theoretical explanation, especially a quantitative one, has been proposed. This article aimed to quantitatively investigate and explain the controversies reported in the α-ω and ω-β phase transformations of zirconium by applying a new nonhydrostatic thermodynamic formalism for solid medium, which has recently been proposed and is capable of quantitatively estimating the impact of shear stress on phase transformations in solids.

scholarly journals Validation and update of OMI Total Column Water Vapor product

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 11379-11393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiqun Wang ◽  
Gonzalo Gonzalez Abad ◽  
Xiong Liu ◽  
Kelly Chance
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. The collection 3 Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV) data generated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's (SAO) algorithm version 1.0 and archived at the Aura Validation Data Center (AVDC) are compared with NCAR's ground-based GPS data, AERONET's sun-photometer data, and Remote Sensing System's (RSS) SSMIS data. Results show that the OMI data track the seasonal and interannual variability of TCWV for a wide range of climate regimes. During the period from 2005 to 2009, the mean OMI−GPS over land is −0.3 mm and the mean OMI−AERONET over land is 0 mm. For July 2005, the mean OMI−SSMIS over the ocean is −4.3 mm. The better agreement over land than over the ocean is corroborated by the smaller fitting residuals over land and suggests that liquid water is a key factor for the fitting quality over the ocean in the version 1.0 retrieval algorithm. We find that the influence of liquid water is reduced using a shorter optimized retrieval window of 427.7–465 nm. As a result, the TCWV retrieved with the new algorithm increases significantly over the ocean and only slightly over land. We have also made several updates to the air mass factor (AMF) calculation. The updated version 2.1 retrieval algorithm improves the land/ocean consistency and the overall quality of the OMI TCWV data set. The version 2.1 OMI data largely eliminate the low bias of the version 1.0 OMI data over the ocean and are 1.5 mm higher than RSS's “clear” sky SSMIS data in July 2005. Over the ocean, the mean of version 2.1 OMI−GlobVapour is 1 mm for July 2005 and 0 mm for January 2005. Over land, the version 2.1 OMI data are about 1 mm higher than GlobVapour when TCWV  <  15 mm and about 1 mm lower when TCWV  >  15 mm.

The Financial Crisis, Bank Lending and UK Productivity: Sectoral and Firm-Level Evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. R17-R34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Riley ◽  
Chiara Rosazza-Bondibene ◽  
Garry Young
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Holding Back ◽  
Reallocation Of Resources

This paper assesses the evidence and investigates some of the mechanisms by which the most recent banking sector crisis might have affected the supply side of the UK economy. We find clear evidence that the banking sector crisis affected credit supply to businesses and caused bank lending to decline. But we do not find much evidence of the heterogeneity in performance between different industrial sectors that would have been expected if banking sector impairment had been the key factor holding back productivity growth. Consistent with this we do not find strong evidence that a lack of reallocation of resources across businesses has been a substantial drag on productivity growth.

Comparative analysis of efficiency and productivity growth in Canadian regional boreal logging industries

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atakelty Hailu ◽  
Terrence S Veeman
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Logging Industry

The Canadian boreal logging industry has attracted little or no attention from economic researchers in spite of its importance for the competitiveness and long-term survival of other forest-based industries. This article uses a panel data set covering the period from 1977 to 1995 to analyze technical efficiency, technical change, and total factor productivity growth in the logging industries for six boreal provinces. The production technology is represented using a data envelopment analysis model. A transitive measure of productivity change that combines technical progress and changes in the degree of productive efficiency is computed. The empirical investigation reveals that logging activities in the boreal region are characterized by substantial efficiency differentials among the regions. Results from a Tobit analysis of efficiency differentials indicate that forest resource characteristics such as forest density and proportion of hardwood production were found to have positive effects. There was also evidence of significant positive scale effects. Engineering construction per area seems to be negatively related to efficiency. Total factor productivity in the boreal logging industry progressed at an average annual rate of 1.56%.

A simulation–optimization algorithm for reservoir capacity calculation: the effect of inflow data set length

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Barlishen ◽  
Slobodan P. Simonovic ◽  
Donald H. Burn
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Simulation Optimization ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Record Length ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Capacity Selection ◽  
Final Probability

A simultion–optimization algorithm for sizing potential reservoirs on a river basin has been used to demonstrate the effects of the streamflow record length on capacity requirements. The sizing procedure involves the generation of synthetic streamflows and a reservoir reliability analysis. Two levels of reliability are present: the reliability in meeting water supply requirements, and the probability level associated with the final capacity selection. The procedure was applied to synthetic sequences generated from an 81-year inflow record and subsets of this sequence to produce frequency distributions of required capacities. The capacities with a 5% probability of exceedence were compared. Relying on short inflow sequences can lead to substantial overestimations or underestimations of capacity. A key factor is the presence of the critical period in the analysis. An open question remains regarding the effect of the final probability level selection on the range of capacities observed. Key words: design reservoirs, water supply, simulation, optimization, reliability, record length, synthetic streamflows.

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