Beyond Knowledge Ventriloquism and Echo Chambers: Raising the quality of the Debate in Teacher Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Zeichner ◽  
Hilary G. Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
College And University ◽  
Echo Chambers ◽  
University Programs

Background/Context For over two decades, there has been a steady call for deregulating U.S. teacher education, closing down allegedly poor quality college and university programs, and creating greater market competition. In response to this call to disrupt the dominance of colleges and universities in teacher education, and because of the policies and funding allocations of the U.S. Education Department and private foundation funding, non-university providers of teacher education have proliferated in certain areas of the country. A critical aspect of the current call for greater deregulation and market competition in teacher education has been the declaration that university teacher education has failed. While there is no dispute about the need for improvements in the dominant college and university system of teacher education, it is also important to critically evaluate the warrants for the value of programs that critics claim should replace college and university programs. Purpose The focus of this paper is to illustrate how research has been misrepresented to support policies and programs that would simultaneously reduce the role of colleges and universities in preparing U.S. teachers and support the expansion of the role of non-university providers. We also examine the print news media's role in uncritically reproducing a narrative of failure about university teacher education and promoting the success of new non-university programs—attention that has served to inflate the public perception of these organizations and programs beyond what is warranted by the available evidence. Research Design Four cases are presented that illustrate the efforts to manufacture a narrative of the failure of colleges and universities in preparing teachers, and to construct a narrative of success for the non-university programs that have been funded to replace them. The authors use the concepts of echo chambers and knowledge ventriloquism to show how this process operates. Conclusions/Recommendations Following the presentation of the cases, specific recommendations are offered for raising the quality of the debates about the future of U.S. teacher education. These include greater transparency in the process of reform, better communication between researchers and stakeholders, using research that has been vetted to inform the debates, and genuinely exploring different policy options for teacher education.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Trade In The Halal Food Industry In Jember

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Misbahul Munir ◽  
Muhammad Masyhuri
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Business Partner ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Product Industry

The halal product industry continues to grow and has a big influence on the global market. In fact, Indonesia is determined to make the country's halal product industry more competitive in the world halal market. To anticipate this global market competition, Indonesia as a Muslim majority country must be able to take the advantage of this enormous opportunity. The role of the network in developing halal products to the global market was when marketing its products. PT. Mitratani could not be separated from relationships with business partners. Each business partner had a role to play. Also, PT. Mitratani could not separate the use of information technology and media as a means to expand marketing to the global market. To create an edge in competition, PT. Mitratani focused on customer and consumer needs. The most important thing was to build trust in business partners. PT. Mitratani's advantage was in the cultivation of edamame. It was from planting to the use of pesticides and fertilizers, until PT Mitratani farmers did their own crops and carried out quality control on each land. This was done to maintain the quality of edamame. PT. Mitratani also improved the quality of its products by implementing HACCP, SOP and GMP in processing and production. In addition to maintaining the quality of PT, Mitratani had established good relationships with company stakeholders so that loyalty and trusted in the product and the company could continue.

scholarly journals Teacher Education and Development in Africa: A Modern Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Peter Wekesa Wamalwa ◽  
Edwin Nyongesa Masibo
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Teacher Education Programme ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
Education And Society ◽  
The Relationship

Teacher education programme is a critical component of education and the life of any society. It normally lays the very foundations of the society. It spurs and pushes the various aspects of development in the society through well-established culture and character of such a society. But for this programme of education to perform this development function efficiently it must be well designed, developed and constantly reformed and modernized so as to keep it abreast with the emerging issues both in education and society. This process is only possible through the conduct of regular studies in education and society to establish new developments and also facilitate the generation of relevant innovations to promote the quality of Teacher education programme. However, there is no evidence that such a process has ever been initiated and conducted in Teacher education programme since the inception of this programme in modern Africa. This paper is designed to explore the importance of Teacher education programme in modern Africa, the relationship between Teacher education programme and development in modern Africa, the roe of this programme in modern Africa, strategies of harnessing the programme for development in modern Africa and the challenges of the programme in modern Africa. This narrative is likely to shade light on the need of Teacher education programme in development in modern Africa and the role of innovative research in this process. Hence, set in motion the desired development in modern Africa.

Die Reformen des Wahlrechts zum Deutschen Bundestag 2011 und 2013 im öffentlichen Diskurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-864
Author(s):  
Eric Linhart ◽  
Oke Bahnsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
German Newspapers

The German electoral law to the federal parliament was reformed in 2011 and in 2013 . While political scientists have extensively evaluated consequences of these reforms, the role of the public discourse has been largely neglected . We analyze articles from three leading German newspapers (FAZ, SZ, Welt) on this topic and find the debate around the reforms to be dominated by parties and political institutions . Scientists, interest groups, and journalists have only played minor roles . Regarding content, the discourse largely focused on surplus seats, reform speed, and a proposal by the CDU/CSU‑FDP coalition government in 2011 . A broad public debate in which multiple social groups could participate has not taken place . From a normative perspective this is problematic since the lack of a public debate might have contributed to the poor quality of the reform’s result .

scholarly journals Preparing Globally Competent Teachers: A Paradigm Shift for Teacher Education in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
John Kwasi Annan
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
School Level ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Secondary Sources

It is well known that quality and positive school outcomes are determined by teacher competence, sensitivity, and motivation which are summed as teacher quality. The role teachers play in shaping society requires that training of same must be of utmost priority of governments. With reference to the relevance of archival materials, the study relied mostly on observation and secondary sources of data with content analysis on training of teachers in Ghana. This study identified various elements that contribute to the quality of teachers which ultimately increases the quality of education. These included quality assurance of teacher education, initial training of teachers, deployment processes, professional growth, compensation, and regulatory bodies that ensure standards and compliance. The article also found out that low investments in teacher education, allowing nonprofessional graduates to teach, poor living, and working condition are deterrent to teachers from accepting postings to rural and deprived areas; lack of regular and consistent training for professional development and poor motivation packages for teachers are some of the reasons for poor quality in the education delivery at the basic school level. The study then advocates that teachers must be trained strictly by educational institutions only, aptitude test must be used to recruit teachers, intensify curricula reform to address critical thinking skills in teachers, institute regular development training for teachers, and motivate teachers who accept postings to rural areas.

Psychiatry’s ethical involvement in gender-affirming care

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Gender Reassignment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Physical Treatments

Objective: To reflect on the role of psychiatry in authorising physical treatments for Gender Dysphoria and to examine the quality of evidence for gender-reassignment. Method: A Medline search was performed with the subject term “transsexualism” or “gender dysphoria” and “outcome” or “follow-up” in the title. Studies published from 2005 onwards reporting psychosocial outcomes were selected for review. Results: Most available evidence indicating positive outcomes for gender reassignment is of poor quality. The few studies with robust methodology suggest that some patients have poor outcomes and may be at risk of suicide. Conclusion: The author raises questions about the implications for ethical treatment of transgender individuals.

scholarly journals Triggers for Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Anxiety

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Severino ◽  
Marco Valerio Mariani ◽  
Annalisa Maraone ◽  
Agostino Piro ◽  
Andrea Ceccacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Substrate ◽  
Clinical Strategies

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most widely recognized arrhythmia. Systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and valvular heart diseases are major risk factors for the onset and progression of AF. Various studies have emphasized the augmented anxiety rate among AF patients due to the poor quality of life; however, little information is known about the possibility of triggering atrial fibrillation by anxiety. The present review sought to underline the possible pathophysiological association between AF and anxiety disorders and suggests that anxiety can be an independent risk factor for AF, acting as a trigger, creating an arrhythmogenic substrate, and modulating the autonomic nervous system. The awareness of the role of anxiety disorders as a risk factor for AF may lead to the development of new clinical strategies for the management of AF.

DECONSTRUCTING THE ARGUMENT FOR FREE TRADE: A CASE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF ECONOMISTS IN POLICY DEBATES

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Driskill
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Standard Argument ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Judgements

This paper argues that, in light of the apparent settled nature of economists’ judgement on the issue of trade liberalization, the profession has stopped thinking critically about the question and, as a consequence, makes poor-quality arguments justifying their consensus. To develop support for this claim, the paper first recounts what economic analysis can say about trade liberalization. Then it analyses the quality of the arguments that economists make in support of free trade. The paper argues that the standard argument made by economists in favour of free trade is either incoherent or implicitly imposes philosophical value judgements about what is good for a nation or society, or it makes leaps of empirical faith about how the world works. The paper concludes with suggestions for better arguments.

Development and validation of a yoga module for Parkinson disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noopur Kakde ◽  
Kashinath G. Metri ◽  
Shivarama Varambally ◽  
Raghuram Nagaratna ◽  
H.R. Nagendra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractBackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects motor and nonmotor functions, leading to severe debility and poor quality of life. Studies have reported the beneficial role of yoga in alleviating the symptoms of PD; however, a validated yoga module for PD is unavailable. This study developed and validated an integrated yoga module(IYM) for PD.MethodsThe IYM was prepared after a thorough review of classical yoga texts and previous findings. Twenty experienced yoga experts, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were selected validating the content of the IYM. A total of 28 practices were included in the IYM, and each practice was discussed and rated as (i) not essential, (ii) useful but not essential, and (iii) essential; the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated using Lawshe’s formula.ResultsData analysis revealed that of the 28 IYM practices, 21 exhibited significant content validity (cut-off value: 0.42, as calculated by applying Lawshe’s formula for the CVR).ConclusionsThe IYM is valid for PD, with good content validity. However, future studies must determine the feasibility and efficacy of the developed module.

Modeling product market competition and reporting quality: the transitional economy of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Iqbal ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Rao ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Tauni ◽  
Khalil Jebran
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Transitional Economy ◽  
Product Market Competition ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Absolute

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of product market competition in shaping a firm’s reporting quality (RQ). Design/methodology/approach This research uses an aggregate measure of a firm’s RQ, considering both the absolute level of discretionary accruals (DA) and the quality of accruals, using modified Jones model and Francis et al. (2005) accruals quality model, respectively. Whereas, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the Lerner index are used to measure product market competition. Further, this study considers the transitional economy of China and employs panel data estimation techniques for testing the hypothesized relationships. Findings This study finds that firms operating in more competitive industries are associated with higher RQ. This association still prevails when analysis is done using the component measures of RQ (i.e. the absolute level of DA and the quality of accruals). Overall, the empirical results provide evidence on the disciplining role of product market competition among Chinese firms. Practical implications Given the complex governance structures and specific kind of agency problems in Chinese corporations, this study suggests that product market competition may play an external disciplining role to improve the corporate information environment. Originality/value This research explores the role of product market competition for a firm’s RQ in Chinese-listed companies, while the prior studies on the same topic are mostly from the developed countries.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment and Risk of Harm to Self and Others: The Role of Sex and Polyvictimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Stewart ◽  
Ashley Toohey ◽  
Natalia Lapshina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Skill Deficits

Objectives: Research has shown that children who experience abuse and neglect are at much higher risk of experiencing negative outcomes such as physical and mental health problems, social skill deficits, and poor quality of life. The goal of this paper was to examine the relationship between polyvictimization and risk of harm to self and others, taking into account both age and sex differences. Methods: A total of 8980 participants (4156 with maltreatment history) were recruited from over 50 mental health facilities in Ontario, Canada. Group comparisons were completed to examine types of trauma experienced, and risk of harm to self and others. Results: Among our sample, we found that 29% of children and youth had experienced multiple types of interpersonal trauma. We also found that while female children and youth who had experienced trauma were at greater risk of harm to themselves, males were at greater risk of harming others. Further, our results highlight that children and youth who had experienced multiple types of maltreatment, regardless of age or sex, were at the greatest risk of harm to self and others. Implications: Findings from this research highlight that interpersonal trauma is multifaceted and add to existing evidence that there is a cumulative relationship between experiencing multiple types of maltreatment and risk in relation to harming oneself or others. Our findings underscore the importance of a background assessment that takes into account all forms of maltreatment in order to properly understand risk of harm and inform intervention.

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