Adolescent Transitions in Self-Management Strategies and Young Adult Alcohol Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Griffin ◽  
Lawrence M. Scheier ◽  
Martin Komarc ◽  
Gilbert J. Botvin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Class Membership

Individuals use a variety of strategies to manage their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors across the lifespan. In this study, we used latent class analysis to derive distinct subtypes of self-management skills in early adolescence and latent transition analysis to examine whether movement between different classes was associated with later young adult alcohol use. Assessments of behavioral self-control, affective self-regulation, and cognitive self-reinforcement were obtained in the seventh and 10th grades from students participating in two independent drug prevention trials (control group participants only, N = 3,939). Assessment of alcohol use was obtained when participants were young adults (23–26). A model distinguishing four subtypes of self-management skills fit best for both the seventh and 10th grades. While findings indicated modest stability in class structure over time, maintaining class membership characterized by high cognitive self-reinforcement and high affective self-regulation was consistently protective in terms of young adult alcohol use relative to movement from this to other classes. Transitions in class membership involving an expansion of self-management strategies were protective and associated with lower levels of young adult alcohol use and transitions involving a contraction of self-management strategies associated with higher young adult alcohol use. This study illustrates the important use of person-centered techniques to exemplify how typologies of self-management during adolescence can play a protective role in young adult alcohol use.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Self-Management Support Functions in Apps for People With Persistent Pain: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemakumar Devan ◽  
Devin Farmery ◽  
Lucy Peebles ◽  
Rebecca Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Pain Diary

BACKGROUND Smartphone apps are a potential mechanism for development of self-management skills in people with persistent pain. However, the inclusion of best-practice content items in available pain management apps fostering core self-management skills for self-management support is not known. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the contents of smartphone apps providing information on pain management strategies for people with persistent pain facilitating self-management support and to appraise the app quality. METHODS A systematic search was performed in the New Zealand App Store and Google Play Store. Apps were included if they were designed for people with persistent pain, provided information on pain self-management strategies, and were available in English. App contents were evaluated using an a priori 14-item self-management support (SMS-14) checklist. App quality was assessed using the 23-item Mobile Apps Rating Scale. RESULTS Of the 939 apps screened, 19 apps met the inclusion criteria. Meditation and guided relaxation were the most frequently included self-management strategies. Overall, the included apps met a median of 4 (range 1-8) of the SMS-14 checklist. A total of 3 apps (Curable, PainScale-Pain Diary and Coach, and SuperBetter) met the largest number of items (8 out of 14) to foster self-management of pain. Self-monitoring of symptoms (n=11) and self-tailoring of strategies (n=9) were frequently featured functions, whereas a few apps had features facilitating social support and enabling communicating with clinicians. No apps provided information tailored to the cultural needs of the user. The app quality mean scores using Mobile Apps Rating Scale ranged from 2.7 to 4.5 (out of 5.0). Although use of 2 apps (Headspace and SuperBetter) has been shown to improve health outcomes, none of the included apps have been evaluated in people with persistent pain. CONCLUSIONS Of the 3 apps (Curable, PainScale-Pain Diary and Coach, and SuperBetter) that met the largest number of items to support skills in self-management of pain, 2 apps (PainScale-Pain Diary and Coach and SuperBetter) were free, suggesting the potential for using apps as a scalable, wide-reaching intervention to complement face-to-face care. However, none provided culturally tailored information. Although 2 apps (Headspace and SuperBetter) were validated to show improved health outcomes, none were tested in people with persistent pain. Both users and clinicians should be aware of such limitations and make informed choices in using or recommending apps as a self-management tool. For better integration of apps in clinical practice, concerted efforts are required among app developers, clinicians, and people with persistent pain in developing apps and evaluating for clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic and its Association with Alcohol and Cannabis Use: A Latent Class Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibene Habib Somé ◽  
Samantha Wells ◽  
Daniel Felsky ◽  
Hayley A. Hamilton ◽  
Shehzad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background: Mental health problems and substance use co-morbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic are a public health priority. Identifying individuals at high-risk of developing these problems can directly inform mitigating strategies. We aimed to identify distinct groups of individuals (i.e., latent classes) based on patterns of self-reported mental health symptoms and investigate associations with alcohol and cannabis use.Methods: We used data from six successive waves of a web-based cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 years and older living in Canada (6,021 participants). We applied latent class analysis to three domains of self-reported mental health: anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Logistic regression was used to characterize latent class membership, estimate the association of class membership with alcohol and cannabis use, and perform sex-based analyses.Results: We identified two distinct classes: 1) individuals with low scores on all three mental health indicators (no/low-symptoms) and 2) those reporting high scores (high-symptoms). Those at greater risk of being in the high-symptoms class were likely to be women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =1.34, 95%CI:1.18-1.52), people worried about getting COVID-19 (aOR=2.39, 95%CI:2.02-2.82), and those with post-secondary education (aOR=1.26, 95%CI:1.02-1.55). Asian ethnicity (aOR=0.78, 95%CI:0.62-0.97), married status (aOR=0.71, 95%CI:0.59-0.85), seniors (aOR=0.38, 95%CI:0.32-0.47), individuals in households with income higher than CAD$40,000: $40,000-$79,000 (aOR=0.73, 95%CI:0.60-0.90), $80,000-$119,000 (aOR=0.60, 95%CI:0.48-0.74) and $120,000+ (aOR=0.47, 95%CI:0.37-0.59) were at lower odds of being in the high-symptoms class. Individuals in the high-symptoms class were more likely to use cannabis at least once a week (aOR=2.25, 95%CI:1.90-2.67), drink alcohol heavily (aOR=1.69, 95%CI:1.47-1.95); and increase the use of cannabis (aOR=3.48, 95%CI:2.79-4.35) and alcohol (aOR=2.37, 95%CI:2.05-2.73) during the pandemic. Women in the high-symptoms class had higher odds of increasing alcohol use than men.Conclusions: We identified the determinants of experiencing high-symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness, and found a significant association with alcohol and cannabis consumption. This suggests that initiatives and supports are needed to address mental health and substance use multi-morbidities, particularly regarding alcohol use in women.

Patients’, carers’ and providers’ experiences and requirements for support in self-management of multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Deibel ◽  
Michelle Edwards ◽  
Adrian Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Management Interventions

Background: Self-management is a process increasingly promoted for the management of long term conditions, both for ethical reasons of enhancing autonomy and for likely cost-effectiveness, but the nature and scope of self-management strategies are currently highly variable.Objective: To identify patients’, carers’ and clinicians’ current experiences of self-management in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their recommendations for the development of a future MS-specific self-management interventionMethods: Qualitative study using focus groups and semi-structured one-to-one interviews with a purposive sample. Three focus groups were held with 25 patients with moderate to advanced multiple sclerosis and 4 carers. Ten clinicians were interviewed. Data underwent thematic analysis.Results: Participants perceived multiple aspects of MS to be amenable to self-management, but identified a current lack of service provision to support their abilities to self-manage. Participants felt that to address both the physical and psychosocial challenges posed by MS required better information provision, a strong relationship with healthcare professionals and a toolkit of self-management skills. Participants expressed concern at the lack of consideration currently given to carers, which should be addressed in future provision.Conclusion: The diverse experiences of patients living with MS warrant a multidisciplinary, flexible and proactive approach to improve their self-management capabilities, acknowledging both patients’ and carers’ unmet needs. The findings can be used to guide the development of future self-management interventions specific to individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Effective Self-Management Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Rafferty ◽  
Kristie Asaro-Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Teacher Involvement ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Inclusive Classroom ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

There are many benefits to developing self-management skills in children, especially in inclusive classroom environments; individuals with effective self-management skills who work as part of a larger team can improve not only their own overall performance but also that of the group as a whole—inside and outside of the school setting. Teaching students self-management strategies can free teacher time to focus on other essential tasks, which is especially important when working in a classroom environment with children with a variety of learning strengths and needs. Moreover, such strategies can be used to increase students’ opportunities to practice and respond to knowledge and academic skills in the curriculum, as well as support their behavioral needs. Although there are many benefits to developing self-management skills, students with and at risk of disabilities often need explicit instruction to learn about and implement specific strategies to help develop these skills. Fortunately, teaching just a small set of strategies can have wide-ranging benefits and help students regulate many behaviors; additionally, research results suggest that people with a variety of learning strengths and needs can learn to implement and benefit from being taught self-management strategies. Therefore, it seems worthwhile to focus on such skills. Despite these encouraging benefits, however, there are still several areas within self-management research that need to be further explored and discussed. For instance, identifying the appropriate level of teacher involvement in teaching these strategies, determining the potential differential effects of various self-management strategies on the behaviors of students embodying different characteristics, and the potential structural variability and the impact on student outcomes all require further investigation. Given these unresolved questions in the field, it is unclear as to how such variables impact students’ mastery and generalization of self-management strategies. This is especially important since it has been argued that self-management is the most significant goal of education; individuals who can effectively self-manage contribute to society in impactful and meaningful ways.

scholarly journals Open-label placebos reduce test anxiety and improve self-management skills: A randomized-controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schaefer ◽  
Claudia Denke ◽  
Rebecca Harke ◽  
Nina Olk ◽  
Merve Erkovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Group Participant ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Control Group Participant

Abstract Test anxiety is a condition in which people experience extreme distress and anxiety before and in test situations. It affects up to 40 percent of all students. Conventional treatment includes both medication and psychotherapy, but studies also demonstrated that placebos affect anxiety symptoms. Although in the traditional understanding placebos need to be administered in a concealed way, intriguing new studies report that open-label placebos can be effective. Since prescription of fake pills involves ethical problems, open-label placebos may provide important new treatment possibilities. Here we report results of a pilot study examining whether open-label placebos may reduce test anxiety and improve self-management skills. 58 students participated in a two-group randomized controlled trial. Two weeks before an exam at the university participants received open-label placebos or no pills (control group). Participant – provider relationship and amount of contact time was held similar for all groups. After two weeks we found that test anxiety and self-management abilities (skills and resources) of the open-label placebo group were more improved than in the control group. Thus, our results seems to indicate that open-label placebos may reduce test anxiety and enhance self-management skills in students.

scholarly journals Overview of Self-Management Skills and Associated Assessment Tools for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Angharad Vernon-Roberts ◽  
Richard B. Gearry ◽  
Andrew S. Day
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Self-management is a multi-modal approach for managing chronic conditions that encompasses a number of different elements; knowledge, adherence, self-regulation, communication, and cognitive factors. Self-management has been shown to be beneficial for adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and for children with IBD it may help them learn to take control of their complex treatment regimens and lead to positive disease outcomes. The development of self-management skills for children with IBD is vital in order to maximize their potential for health autonomy, but it is still an emergent field in this population. This review provides an over-arching view of the self-management elements specific to children with IBD, and highlights outcome measures that may be used to assess skills within each field as well as the efficacy of targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Using mHealth Technology in a Self-Management Intervention to Promote Physical Activity Among Adults With Chronic Disabling Conditions: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Plow ◽  
Meghan Golding
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Contact Control ◽  
Mhealth Apps

BACKGROUND Physical activity is considered a comprehensive approach for managing limitations in physical function among adults with chronic disabling conditions. However, adults with chronic disabling conditions often face many barriers to engaging in physical activity. A strategy to promote physical activity among adults with chronic disabling conditions is to encourage the use of mobile health (mHealth) apps. OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to examine the potential benefits of using commercially available mHealth apps in a self-management intervention among 46 adults with musculoskeletal or neurological conditions. METHODS Participants were randomized to one of 3 intervention groups: (1) mHealth-based self-management intervention, (2) paper-based self-management intervention, and (3) contact-control intervention. Participants in all 3 groups met in person once and received 3 follow-up phone calls with a trained graduate assistant. Participants in the mHealth-based and paper-based groups received a computer tablet or a paper diary, respectively, to facilitate goal setting, self-monitoring, and action planning. Participants in the contact-control group received information on healthy behaviors without being taught skills to change behaviors. The following outcomes were measured at baseline and at the 7th week: physical activity (Physical Activity and Disability Survey–revised), psychosocial factors (self-efficacy, self-regulation, and social support), and physical function (Patient Report Outcomes Measurement Information System, 6-min walk test, 1-min chair stands, and 1-min arm curls). RESULTS Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated significant differences between groups in physical activity levels (Wilks λ=0.71, F6,76=2.34, P=.04). Both the mHealth-based and paper-based groups had large effect size increases in planned exercise and leisure-time physical activity compared with the contact-control group (Cohen d=1.20 and d=0.82, respectively). Repeated-measures MANOVA indicated nonsignificant differences between groups in psychosocial factors (Wilks λ=0.85, F6,76=1.10, P=.37). However, both the mHealth-based and paper-based groups had moderate effect size improvements in self-efficacy (d=0.48 and d=0.75, respectively) and self-regulation (d=0.59 and d=0.43, respectively) compared with the contact-control group. Repeated-measures MANOVA indicated nonsignificant differences between groups in physical function (Wilks λ=0.94, F8,66=0.27, P=.97). There were small and nonsignificant changes between the mHealth-based and paper-based groups with regard to most outcomes. However, the mHealth-based group had moderate effect size increases (d=0.47) in planned exercise and leisure-time physical activity compared with the paper-based group. CONCLUSIONS We found that using commercially available mHealth apps in a self-management intervention shows promise in promoting physical activity among adults with musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. Further research is needed to identify the best ways of using commercially available mobile apps in self-management interventions. CLINICALTRIAL Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02833311; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02833311 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6vDVSAw1w)

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