Mining layered technological information in scientific papers: A semi-supervised method

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-793
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Yujia Zhai ◽  
Yuanhai Lin ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Technological Information ◽  
Dependency Tree ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
Concise Information ◽  
Tech Mining ◽  
Two Parameters

Tech mining is the application of text mining tools to science and technology information resources. The ever-increasing volume of scientific outputs is a boom to technological innovation, but it also complicates efforts to obtain useful and concise information for problem solving. This challenge extends to tech mining, where the development of techniques compatible with big data is an urgent issue. This article introduces a semi-supervised method for extracting layered technological information from scientific papers in order to extend the reach of tech mining. Our method starts with several pre-set seed patterns used to extract candidate phrases by matching the dependency tree of each sentence. Then, after a series of judgements, phrases are divided into two categories: ‘main technique’ and ‘tech-component’. (A technique, for the purposes of this study, is a method or tool used in the article being analysed.) In order to generate new patterns for subsequent iterations, a weighted pattern learning method is also adopted. Finally, multiple iterations of the method are applied to extract technological information from each paper. A dataset from the field of optical switcher is used to verify the method’s effectiveness. Our findings are that (1) by two loops of extraction process in each iteration, our method realises the layered technological information extraction, which contains the ‘part–whole’ relationships between main techniques and tech-components; (2) the recall rate for main techniques is superior to the baseline after iterating 23 rounds; (3) when layering is disregarded, in the aspect of the precision and the volume of techniques, the new method is higher than that for the baseline; and (4) adjusting another two parameters can optimise the efficiency – however, the effect is neither pronounced nor straightforward.

Speaker and Speech Recognition using Deep Neural Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Mohit Srivastava ◽  
Amod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Work Model

In command and control applications, feature extraction process is very important for good accuracy and less learning time. In order to deal with these metrics, we have proposed an automated combined speaker and speech recognition technique. In this paper five isolated words are recorded with four speakers, two males and two females. We have used the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC)  feature extraction method with Genetic Algorithm to optimize the extracted features and generate an appropriate feature set. In first phase, feature extraction using MFCC is executed following the feature optimization using Genetic Algorithm and in last & third phase, training is conducted using the Deep Neural Network. In the end, evaluation and validation of the proposed work model is done by setting real environment. To check the efficiency of the proposed work, we have calculated the parameters like accuracy, precision rate, recall rate, sensitivity and specificity..

Enhancement of diffractions in prestack domain by means of a finite-offset double-square-root traveltime

Geophysics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. V81-V96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago A. Coimbra ◽  
Jorge H. Faccipieri ◽  
João H. Speglich ◽  
Leiv-J. Gelius ◽  
Martin Tygel
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
General Source

Exploration of redundancy contained in the seismic data set assures enhancement of images that are based on stacking results. This enhancement is the goal of developing multiparametric traveltime equations that are able to approximate reflection and diffraction events in general source-receiver configurations. The main challenge of using these equations is to estimate a large number of parameters in a computationally feasible, reliable, and fast way. To obtain a better fit for diffraction traveltime events than the ones in the literature, we have derived a finite-offset (FO) double-square-root (DSR) diffraction traveltime equation (which depends on 10 parameters in three dimensions and four parameters in two dimensions). Moreover, to reduce the number of parameters, we have developed another version called simplified FO-DSR diffraction traveltime equation (which depends on five parameters in three dimensions and two parameters in two dimensions), which delivers a similar performance. We have developed operators that make use of the simplified FO-DSR traveltime equation to construct the so-called diffraction-only data set volumes (or, more simply, D-volumes) assuring enhancement in the diffraction extraction process. The D-volume construction has two steps: first, a stacking procedure to separate the diffraction events from the input data set and second, a spreading procedure to enhance the quality of these diffractions. As proof of concept, our approach has been tested on 2D/3D synthetic and 2D field data sets with successful results.

scholarly journals PHENOLIC COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GREEN-SOLVENTS-BASED EXTRACTS OF RED ONION WASTES

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona OANCEA ◽  
Maria RADU
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Sample Ratio

Onion represents one of the most important crop, based on its production,consumption and high pharmacological potential supported by its chemicalcomposition. Phytochemicals of phenolic structure, in particular anthocyanins, areamong the strongest antioxidant compounds with large biological and industrialapplications. Because their conventional extraction involves the use of highamounts of polar organic solvents, there is a strong requirement for development ofnew strategies based on greener solvents. The aim of the present paper was toextract valuable compounds of polyphenolic structure from red onion wastes usingdeep eutectic solvents, as green strategy for their isolation. In addition, the totalantioxidant activity as measured by ferric reducing antioxidant capacity assay wasinvestigated. Extraction performed at 40oC in the selected solvent system wasoptimized for two parameters, solvent/sample ratio and extraction time. Theobtained results showed the highest content of anthocyanins and antioxidantactivity at a solvent/sample ratio of 30/1 and the extraction time of 90 min, at 40oC.Regarding the total phenolics and flavonoids, the optimal extraction parameterswere 20/1 solvent/sample ratio and 90 min, at 40oC. Compared to conventionalextraction in organic solvent, the values of the antioxidant activity were similar,while those of the content of bioactive compounds were higher in extracts obtainedin ethanol solution. By further optimization of the extraction process, the obtainedproducts may find useful application in obtaining natural ingredients intended fordifferent purposes.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF BETA-SITOSTEROL EXTRACTION FROM LEUCAENALEUCOCHEPALA BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED HYDRODISTILLATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Norlaili Hashim ◽  
Noormazlinah Ahmad ◽  
A.M. Mimi Sakinah ◽  
A. Maria-Pilar
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Parameter ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
Parameters Extraction ◽  
Phytosterol Content ◽  
Two Parameters

Microwave-assisted hydrodistillatlion (MAH) extraction process can extract phytosterol (beta-sitosterol) from Leucaena leucochepala. The suitable parameter of the extraction process to extract the highest yield of phytosterol srom a plant can be optimized by using central composit design (CCCD). Two parameters extraction process were studied which are duration of time (4 to 8 minutes) and solvent ethanol concentration (55%-95%) to gain the highest yield of extracted beta-sitosterol from Leucaena leucochepala. The Liebermann-Burchard analysis was used to analyse phytosterol content in the extracted from the samples. The CCD model parameter was significant because of the values for Prob>F is less tahn 0.0500 which are 0.006 and value lack of fit F-value which is 5.44 represent only 6.77% chances to occur failure. This indicated the CCD with duration of extraction and the ethanol solvent concentration is the optimum parameter for the extraction of beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) from Leucaena leucochepala legume pod with the highest yield of phytosterol of 0.2717 mg/mL at 75% ethanol and 6 minutes.

Photo-electric Hβ and uvby photometry

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
D. L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Line Strength ◽  
Interference Filter ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Relative Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Stars ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Filter Photometry ◽  
The Continuum

Early in the 1950's Strömgren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) introduced medium to narrow-band interference filter photometry at the McDonald Observatory. He used six interference filters to obtain two parameters of astrophysical interest. These parameters he calledlandc, for line and continuum hydrogen absorption. The first measured empirically the absorption line strength of Hβby means of a filter of half width 35Å centered on Hβand compared to the mean of two filters situated in the continuum near Hβ. The second index measured empirically the Balmer discontinuity by means of a filter situated below the Balmer discontinuity and two above it. He showed that these two indices could accurately predict the spectral type and luminosity of both B stars and A and F stars. He later derived (6) an indexmfrom the same filters. This index was a measure of the relative line blanketing near 4100Å compared to two filters above 4500Å. These three indices confirmed earlier work by many people, including Lindblad and Becker. References to this earlier work and to the systems discussed today can be found in Strömgren's article inBasic Astronomical Data(7).

Freeze-Etch Crystal-Like Structures in Membranous Glomerulosclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Burton B. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Donor Kidney ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
Etched Surface ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Diseased Kidney

Tissue from a non-functional kidney affected with chronic membranous glomerulosclerosis was removed at time of trnasplantation. Recipient kidney tissue and donor kidney tissue were simultaneously fixed for electron microscopy. Primary fixation was in phosphate buffered gluteraldehyde followed by infiltration in 20 and then 40% glycerol. The tissues were frozen in liquid Freon and finally in liquid nitrogen. Fracturing and replication of the etched surface was carried out in a Denton freeze-etch device. The etched surface was coated with platinum followed by carbon. These replicas were cleaned in a 50% solution of sodium hypochlorite and mounted on 400 mesh copper grids. They were examined in an Siemens Elmiskop IA. The pictures suggested that the diseased kidney had heavy deposits of an unknown substance which might account for its inoperative state at the time of surgery. Such deposits were not as apparent in light microscopy or in the standard fixation methods used for EM. This might have been due to some extraction process which removed such granular material in the dehydration steps.

Radiation Damage of Support Films

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Imaging Parameters ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Phase Corrections ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Medium Dose

The goal of imaging the finest detail possible in biological specimens leads to contradictory requirements for the choice of an electron dose. The dose should be as low as possible to minimize object damage, yet as high as possible to optimize image statistics. For specimens that are protected by low temperatures or for which the low resolution associated with negative stain is acceptable, the first condition may be partially relaxed, allowing the use of (for example) 6 to 10 e/Å2. However, this medium dose is marginal for obtaining the contrast transfer function (CTF) of the microscope, which is necessary to allow phase corrections to the image. We have explored two parameters that affect the CTF under medium dose conditions.Figure 1 displays the CTF for carbon (C, row 1) and triafol plus carbon (T+C, row 2). For any column, the images to which the CTF correspond were from a carbon covered hole (C) and the adjacent triafol plus carbon support film (T+C), both recorded on the same micrograph; therefore the imaging parameters of defocus, illumination angle, and electron statistics were identical.

Applications of Scanning Microscopy in Biomedical Research

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.

Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Dna Backbone ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

Practical Importance of Spatial Resolution and Analytical Sensitivity in AEM X-ray Microanalysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.I. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Excitation Volume ◽  
Two Parameters

Analytical sensitivity and spatial resolution are important and closely related factors in x-ray microanalysis using the AEM. Analytical sensitivity is the ability to distinguish, for a given element under given conditions, between two concentrations that are nearly equal. The analytical sensitivity is directly related to the number of x-ray counts collected and, therefore, to the probe current, specimen thickness and counting time. The spatial resolution in AEM analysis is determined by the probe size and beam broadening in the specimen. A finer probe and a thinner specimen give a higher spatial resolution. However, the resulting lower beam current and smaller X-ray excitation volume degrade analytical sensitivity. A compromise must be made between high spatial resolution and an acceptable analytical sensitivity. In this paper, we show the necessity of evaluating these two parameters in order to determine the low temperature Fe-Ni phase diagram.A Phillips EM400T AEM with an EDAX/TN2000 EDS/MCA system and a VG HB501 FEG STEM with a LINK AN10 EDS/MCA system were used.

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