Equality of the Sexes in an Organizational Perspective: A Swedish Experiment

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-259
Author(s):  
Gunnela Westlander

One way in which management can respond to contemporary demands that it take greater responsibility for equal working conditions for men and women is by special training projects designed to break through existing barriers. One such 'break-away effort', which was subjected to an especially systematic evaluation, is described in this paper. It involved women workers in a Volvo plant in central Sweden.

2021 ◽  
pp. 146394912110101
Author(s):  
Geraldine Mooney Simmie ◽  
Dawn Murphy

The last decade has revealed a global (re)configuring of the relationships between the state, society and educational settings in the direction of systems of performance management. In this article, the authors conduct a critical feminist inquiry into this changing relationship in relation to the professionalisation of early childhood education and care practitioners in Ireland, with a focus on dilemmatic contradictions between the policy reform ensemble and practitioners’ reported working conditions in a doctoral study. The critique draws from the politics of power and education, and gendered and classed subjectivities, and allows the authors to theorise early childhood education and care professionalisation in alternative emancipatory ways for democratic pedagogy rather than a limited performativity. The findings reveal the state (re)configured as a central command centre with an over-reliance on surveillance, alongside deficits of responsibility for public interest values in relation to the working conditions of early childhood education and care workers, who are mostly part-time ‘pink-collar’ women workers in precarious roles. The study has implications that go beyond Ireland for the professionalisation of early childhood education and care workers and meeting the early developmental needs of young children.


2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne O’Brien

While all media workers face challenges particular to flexible specialization in a networked economy, there are differences in career outcomes for men and women, which occur as a result of gendered work cultures. Within media production these gendered contexts manifest through three main factors, which compromise women workers and can eventually cause them to exit their professions mid-career. Women leave media work because of a combination of the gendered nature of work cultures, the informalisation of the sector and structural restrictions placed on women’s agency to participate in networks. The interplay of these factors ultimately creates an impossible bind for many female media workers forcing them to exit media work.


ILR Review ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall K. Filer

This study investigates the extent to which differences in average earnings between men and women may be the result of sorting by the sexes into jobs with different average levels of disagreeable and agreeable working conditions. An analysis of data from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey shows that, on average, men and women hold jobs with substantially different working conditions and that these differences are of a pattern suggesting the need to pay higher wages to attract employees to the jobs held by men. Estimation of wage equations shows that these differences in working conditions contribute significantly to the ability to explain average earnings for each sex.


2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Gerardo Meil

The aim of this paper is to analyse, differentiated by gender, the effects that high geographical job mobility has on parenthood decisions. In particular, in a first part we will examine whether job mobility fosters childlessness and/or postponement of childbearing and if mobility implies a lower family size. In a second part we will analyse how the specific working conditions of mobile people and their resources for balancing working and private lives affect childlessness and postponement of parenthood. The analysis will be based on a representative survey of people aged 25 to 54, performed in six European countries (Germany, France, Spain, Poland, Switzerland and Belgium) in 2007, oversampling mobile people in order to get enough cases to analyse. Results show that the impact of high job mobility on the timing and quantum of parenthood is important, both for men and women, but stronger for the latter. Besides gender, the strength of the impact depends on the duration of job mobility and when it takes place in the lifecycle. Resources for promoting a better balance of working and private lives such as flexitime and teleworking have no clear impact on parenthood decisions, but having a supportive employer facilitates family development of mobile employees. A greater involvement of men in unpaid work does not seem to facilitate fertility decisions of mobile women. Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit hohe berufsbedingte räumliche Mobilität negative Folgen auf die Familienentwicklung hat. Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes wird getrennt nach Geschlecht analysiert, ob Mobilität Kinderlosigkeit fördert, eine Verschiebung des Geburtenkalenders verursacht und ob sie eine Reduktion der Familiengröße zur Folge hat. Darüber hinaus wird in dem zweiten Teil analysiert, welchen Einfluss bestimmte Arbeitsbedingungen sowie die Ressourcen, die Familien zur Verfügung stehen, um Familie und Beruf zu vereinbaren, auf die Entscheidungen bezüglich Elternschaft ausüben. Die Analyse stützt sich auf eine repräsentative Umfrage in sechs europäischen Ländern (Deutschland, Frankreich, Spanien, Polen, Schweiz und Belgien) mit Personen im Alter zwischen 25 und 54 Jahren. Die Daten wurden in 2007 erhoben. Mobile Erwerbstätige wurden überproportional erhoben, um eine ausreichende Fallzahl zu gewährleisten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auswirkung der Mobilität auf die Familienentwicklung von Bedeutung ist, wobei sich Mobilität von Frauen stärker auswirkt. Darüber hinaus ist von Bedeutung, wann im Lebenslauf Mobilität und Elternschaft stattfinden und wie lange die Phase der mobilen Arbeit andauert. Flexible Arbeitszeiten oder die Möglichkeit, einen Teil der Arbeit zu Hause zu leisten, haben keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf die Entscheidungen zur Elternschaft von mobilen Erwerbstätigen, wohl aber die Unterstützung durch den Arbeitgeber. Unterstützung seitens des Partners scheint die Entscheidung mobiler Frauen für Kinder nicht zu fördern.


Author(s):  
Keona K. Ervin

In the Funsten Nut Strike of 1933, nut shellers shut down production to protest poor working conditions and wage cuts. A group of black working-class women positioned themselves at the center of Depression-era politics through the highly publicized, Communist-organized strike against the Funsten Nut Company. Among the most influential labor battles of its era, the strike carved out a space for black women workers in the growing and increasingly powerful radical labor movement, marking the development of that movement in St. Louis.


Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson

Introduction to chest radiology provides a general overview of thoracic imaging. Chest radiography is an important part of the imaging evaluation of patients who present with thoracic complaints and is frequently ordered in patients undergoing physical examinations, hospital admission and surgery. Portable chest radiographs are also commonly obtained in patients in the intensive care unit. Chest computed tomography (CT) is characteristically employed for further evaluation of suspected pulmonary, vascular, pleural, mediastinal and chest wall abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often employed as a problem solving tool to further evaluate abnormalities found on radiography or CT. Radiologists should work with radiologic technologists to continuously assess and improve radiologic technique and image quality. Right and left markers must be noted on all radiographs in order to diagnose situs abnormalities. Radiologists should also strive to have optimal working conditions with regards to their reading rooms and viewing equipment. Accurate interpretation of thoracic imaging studies relies on a systematic evaluation of all thoracic structures on radiography, CT and MRI. Radiologists should produce clear radiologic reports and should include recommendations for further imaging and/or management when appropriate. Critical and unexpected imaging findings should be promptly communicated to the clinical team, and such communications should be documented on the radiologic report.


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 178-199
Author(s):  
Sakshi Khurana

The changing nature of production activities in developing countries has brought into focus the contribution of large numbers of women who get pulled into the labor force either by choice or by compulsion. Women in the latter category often find themselves engaged in informal employment, in work that is inconsistent and low-paid, carried out under suboptimal working conditions. Their ability to improve their conditions of work and life is constrained not just by capitalist structures and the organization of production relations, but also by social structures of norms and cultural practices. The analysis in this article, based on ethnographic research among women engaged in the garment and construction industries in Delhi provides insights into the strategies that some women workers, in the two sectors that also largely comprised women belonging two different religious communities, adopt to contest precarious working conditions and patriarchal norms, and transition into more autonomous positions. This article asks that given the constraints particular to the garment and construction sectors, why and how do some women resist against structures of gender oppression? How do the differences or similarities in the socio-cultural norms of the two communities constrain and at times, also enable women’s choices and actions? This article brings forth the factors that lead women to resist against structures of gender oppression, challenge inequalities inherent in the organization of work, and the new meanings that they may assign to their own negotiations and interpretations of norms.


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