Marital Equality

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN C. ROSENBLUTH ◽  
JANICE M. STEIL ◽  
JULIET H. WHITCOMB
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Task Sharing ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Marital Equality

During the past 20 years, the number of women and men who endorse egalitarian relationships has steadily increased. Yet, marital inequality continues to be the norm. Why the gap? In 41 structured interviews with respondents in dual-career marriages, domestic task sharing and decision making (the most salient criteria for social scientists) were the most frequently cited criteria for evaluating equality in marriages other than their own. However, in response to self-referential questions, relationship characteristics and attitudes (e.g., mutual respect, commitment, reciprocity, and supportiveness) were used more frequently than behavioral observations. Men and women were equally likely to endorse relationship equality as ideal. Women, however, rated equality as less important to men than men reported it to be, and men rated equality as more important to women than women reported it to be. The majority stated that equal relationships benefit both husbands and wives, but a significant minority emphasized the costs to men and benefits to women.

The role of mobile devices in 21st-century family communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Storch ◽  
Anna V. Ortiz Juarez-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
The Past

Use of media devices has evolved over the past 10–15 years and the resulting effects on family communication are of interest for this study. Through 26 semi-structured interviews, the authors sought to understand the role mobile devices play in family communication. Qualitative grounded theory analysis was used to find themes and interpret results (Creswell, 2013). One overarching paradoxical theme emerged from these data, family connect–family disconnect. In family connect, categories of across distance, reassurances, and boundaries are shared. Within family disconnect, distractions, misunderstandings, and negative emotional responses are conveyed. Future research avenues recommended are decision making related to mobile devices based on values and morals, in-depth social media and app usage, emoji emotional responses, individuals under 18 and between 18 and 30 years old, and a network analysis of one extended family.

SEX DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF SEXUAL DESIRE

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela C. Regan ◽  
Leah Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Sexual Response ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vital Component

Only within the past decade have social scientists commonly recognized the phenomenon of sexual desire as a distinct and vital component of human sexual response. Of the various factors believed to be associated with sexual desire, gender (biological sex) is presumed by many theorists to be one of the most important. Limited empirical work suggests that men experience desire more frequently than do women; however, sex differences in intensity or level of desire have yet to be examined. This study explored both the self-reported frequency and intensity of sexual desire among an ethnically diverse sample of 676 men and women. As hypothesized, men reported experiencing a higher overall level of sexual desire than did women. Sex differences also were found with respect to frequency of sexual desire. Men reported experiencing sexual desire more often than did women and, when asked to estimate the actual frequency with which they experienced desire, men's estimated frequency (37 times per week) was significantly higher than women's (9 times per week). These results do not imply that men always feel desire or that women lack sexual desire. In fact, virtually every participant in this study reported feeling sexual desire on a regular basis. This suggests that desire may be the most universal sexual response experienced by both men and women.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Rationales among Quebec VET Student Aged 25 and Older

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-248
Author(s):  
Louis Cournoyer ◽  
Frédéric Deschenaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Adjustment Strategies

Each year, a large number of students aged 25 years and over take part in vocational and education training (VET) programs in the Province of Quebec, Canada. The life experiences of many of these adults are marked by complex psychosocial and professional events, which may have influenced their career decision-making processes. This paper aimed to identify key rationales guiding the decisions of adults aged 25 years and older to return to education based on a thematic analysis of 30 semi-structured interviews with students enrolled in a VET program. The analysis focused on two theoretical axes: one biographical and the other interactionist. The first involved personal life courses and professional projects undertaken by the student in the past. The second examined tensions and conflicts between context forces and adjustment strategies adopted by the student. The results revealed five decision-making rationales that characterized the vast majority of the students’ experiences: 1) get out of a socioprofessional and economic slump; 2) know yourself better, personally and socially; 3) value the concrete and the practical; 4) take advantage of supporting conditions; and 5) reconcile proximity and the known. The relevance and implications of these findings for professionals and decision makers in vocational training are discussed.

Gender and the negotiation between older people and their carers in the prevention of falls

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHIM HORTON ◽  
SARA ARBER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Older People ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Older Men And Women

Little is known about how negotiation between older people and their carers varies according to gender. This paper reports a study of older men and women who have had multiple falls and the actions of their key family members to prevent multiple falls. In-depth interviews were conducted with 35 older people who had had recurrent falls, and separately with the identified key family member. The actions taken by the relatives to prevent future falls were classified as protective, coercive, negotiating, engaging and ‘reflective of mutual respect’. It was found that sons caring for older mothers took only ‘protective’ and ‘coercive’ actions, resulting in mothers having passive and submissive roles. In contrast, the daughters who were caring for their fathers undertook most often ‘engaging’ and some ‘negotiating’ actions, which empowered the fathers in their decision making. Daughters had a ‘peer-like’ relationship with the mothers that they supported and cared for, and undertook primarily ‘negotiating’ as well as ‘engaging’ actions. The two men who cared for older men took no specific actions but maintained mutual respect for each other. The findings demonstrate several ways in which the gender of the dyad members influences the nature of the negotiation between close relatives, and throws light on the factors that influence the autonomy and dependence of older people.

scholarly journals Collation of Decision Support System (DSS) Models used for Bid Decisions in Construction Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Support System ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Financial Capability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Focus

The past researches on key elements responsible for the successful completion of the project showed the importance of assessment and accounting of various types of risks during the bid decision process. If the contractor invests his productive time in only those projects which are meeting the organization’s goals and targets, then the chances of submitting a competitive bid is more. In order to select such appropriate projects, the measure of the effect of numerous factors on bid decision is essential. This research highlights the numerous reasons that influences the bid decisions of contractors and the contribution of these factors towards the construction of Decision Support System Models (DSS). In order to identify the factors influencing the bid decisions, past literature studies were conducted and a strong focus was given to methods such as questionnaire survey, structured and semi-structured interviews were used. The construction of the models was done after taking the opinions of contractors. From the past research it can be noted that the main factors such as client’s financial capability, contractor’s financial capability, past experience of the contractors in similar projects etc., were considered across the globe. This complex and dynamic nature of bid decision making demands a robust decision support system which can be implemented collectively at least in a construction industry within a country. Moreover, the bid decision is more of subjective in nature. So, addressing this with only quantitative models which considers past bid data, recently applied strategy etc., may not be adequate to forecast the dynamic phenomenon. This strongly proposes the requirement for development of a Qualitative model to take care of subjective decision-making situation.

London Smellwalk Around 1450

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Sensory Maps

This chapter examines the smell of medieval cities and its role in shaping individual, collective, and social knowledge about navigating these realms. To breathe in medieval cities was a communal affair; men and women inhaled all aspects of this crowded, shared space, including the smell of its many animal and human inhabitants, its industries, and their collective detritus. Using literary and historical sources to create a medieval urban odour descriptor wheel, I argue that the smell of medieval cities was both more pungent and pleasurable than we usually assume; this wheel will hopefully help readers orient themselves towards new understandings about the vitality of smell in the past as well as in the present. Literary sources might usefully be combined with archaeological evidence and recent tools developed by urban geographers and computational social scientists that seek to translate visceral experiences into sensory maps of shared urban realms.

Stewardship in the "Age of Algorithms"

First Monday ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
The Future ◽  
Total Failure ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Technical Systems

This paper explores pragmatic approaches that might be employed to document the behavior of large, complex socio-technical systems (often today shorthanded as “algorithms”) that centrally involve some mixture of personalization, opaque rules, and machine learning components. Thinking rooted in traditional archival methodology — focusing on the preservation of physical and digital objects, and perhaps the accompanying preservation of their environments to permit subsequent interpretation or performance of the objects — has been a total failure for many reasons, and we must address this problem. The approaches presented here are clearly imperfect, unproven, labor-intensive, and sensitive to the often hidden factors that the target systems use for decision-making (including personalization of results, where relevant); but they are a place to begin, and their limitations are at least outlined. Numerous research questions must be explored before we can fully understand the strengths and limitations of what is proposed here. But it represents a way forward. This is essentially the first paper I am aware of which tries to effectively make progress on the stewardship challenges facing our society in the so-called “Age of Algorithms;” the paper concludes with some discussion of the failure to address these challenges to date, and the implications for the roles of archivists as opposed to other players in the broader enterprise of stewardship — that is, the capture of a record of the present and the transmission of this record, and the records bequeathed by the past, into the future. It may well be that we see the emergence of a new group of creators of documentation, perhaps predominantly social scientists and humanists, taking the front lines in dealing with the “Age of Algorithms,” with their materials then destined for our memory organizations to be cared for into the future.

Truth Matters: Cognitive Integrity as an Intervention for Self-Deception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Isabel Gorlin ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adaptive Problem

To live well in the present, we take direction from the past. Yet, individuals may engage in a variety of behaviors that distort their past and current circumstances, reducing the likelihood of adaptive problem solving and decision making. In this article, we attend to self-deception as one such class of behaviors. Drawing upon research showing both the maladaptive consequences and self-perpetuating nature of self-deception, we propose that self-deception is an understudied risk and maintaining factor for psychopathology, and we introduce a “cognitive-integrity”-based approach that may hold promise for increasing the reach and effectiveness of our existing therapeutic interventions. Pending empirical validation of this theoretically-informed approach, we posit that patients may become more informed and autonomous agents in their own therapeutic growth by becoming more honest with themselves.

Integrating gender in rice research

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
BN Sadangi ◽  
Biswajit Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
And Gender

Gender mainstreaming in agriculture is new trend to address the inequalities of resources and work participation between men and women for ensuring equity in gender. Though women constitute about half of the total agricultural labour, their access to resources as well as decision making power is limited. Particularly, women in rice-based farming system though undertake hard work, own or share very limited resources and benefits in comparison to other systems. Various needs of women, while undertake research and technologies developed should be addressed appropriately through gender focussed planning, project implementation, monitoring as well as impact assessment. A systematic understanding and capacity building of the planners, researchers, development and extension machineries on innovative mechanism and gender sensitive perspectives would bring socioeconomic upliftment of not only women but the whole society.

Other Factors Influencing Religious Vocations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu T. Do
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Women Religious ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Religious Vocation ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Religious Vocations ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

This chapter presents an overview of aspects that may influence women and men religious on their religious vocational decision during their childhood with their family and parish, their attendance of primary and secondary school, their participation in parish life, and their college years. The influential aspects addressed are: attending Mass regularly and devotional practices, having the opportunity to discuss and receive encouragement from others to discern a religious vocation, the witness of men and women religious, and being engaged in youth and voluntary ministry programs. The chapter concludes that while not every individual religious has opportunities to experience these activities in various environments before he or she decides to enter religious life, all the aspects complement one another and have an impact on religious vocational discernment and decision-making.

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