Role of Attachment and Family Functioning in Problematic Smartphone Use in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2199388
Author(s):  
M. V. Jimeno ◽  
J. J. Ricarte ◽  
A. Toledano ◽  
S. Mangialavori ◽  
M. Cacioppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Faces Iv ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

Overuse of the smartphone causes negative consequences on the health and behavior of younger people. It is necessary to know which factors can determine the problematic use of the smartphone. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between problematic smartphone use, attachment styles, and perceived family functioning in young adults. Three hundred and thirteen Spanish young adults took part in the study (255 women, 58 men) and completed the following instruments: the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV). The results of the path analyses show that the cohesion and enmeshed functioning variables were the best predictors of problematic smartphone use. The preoccupied attachment scale was the only one whose score also showed indirect effects on problematic smartphone use through the variable of enmeshed family functioning.

scholarly journals Insecure Attachment Styles and Unbalanced Family Functioning as Risk Factors of Problematic Smartphone Use in Spanish Young Adults: A Relative Weight Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1021
Author(s):  
Sonia Mangialavori ◽  
Claudia Russo ◽  
Maria Veronica Jimeno ◽  
Jorge Javier Ricarte ◽  
Giulio D’Urso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

Young adulthood is the life stage during which people are more prone to develop problematic smartphone use (PSU). Only one study investigated the relationship among attachment styles, family functioning, and PSU, but thus far, no research has shown the relative importance that such dimensions may have on PSU. The main aim of this study was to analyze to what extent insecure attachment styles and unbalanced family functioning are related to PSU, investigating the specific weight of each dimension in a sample of young adults (N = 301; 82.7% females; Mage = 22.89; SD = 3.02). Participants completed a self-report questionnaire, including the Relationship Questionnaire, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. The regression and relative weight analyses results showed that preoccupied attachment style and disengaged, chaotic, and enmeshed family functioning were positively related to PSU. Implications for future research and interventions were discussed.

scholarly journals Problematic smartphone use and affective temperaments among Lebanese young adults: scale validation and mediating role of self-esteem

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Zeidan ◽  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Marwan Akel ◽  
Ismail Louragli ◽  
Sahar Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Smartphone Use

Abstract Background Adults all over the world face serious issues from problematic smartphone use (PSU). It influences them negatively on a cognitive, behavioral, and emotional level, as well as on their tendencies and well-being. In Lebanon, the prevalence of PSU was shown to be 20.2% within the adult population, specifically with young adults (18–34 years old). This study investigates the validity and reliability of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) Arabic version. In addition, this study evaluates the association between PSU and affective temperaments and the mediating role of self-esteem in this association. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out between August and September 2020, using a sample of community-dwelling participants aged 18 to 29 years. The Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version was used to evaluate smartphone addiction among adolescents and adults. The five different temperaments of the patients were assessed by using the Affective temperament Scale (TEMPS‐A). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to evaluate self-esteem. Results 461 participants were included in this study. All items of the SAS were extracted and yielded a one-factor solution with Eigenvalues > 1 (variance explained = 49.96%; αCronbach = 0.886). The confirmatory analysis results consolidated those obtained from the factor analysis. Higher depressive temperament (B = 0.46) was significantly associated with more smartphone addiction, whereas higher self-esteem (B =  − 0.28) was significantly associated with less smartphone addiction. Self-esteem was found to mediate the association between depressive and hyperthymic temperaments with smartphone addiction. Conclusion This study added a better understanding of the high smartphone addiction rate among adults in Lebanon. It confirms the association between affective temperaments and PSU through the mediating effect of self-esteem on Lebanese adults.

Together or apart? Labour migration and early maladaptive schemas of young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (61) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Adrianna Kaczuba
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Faces Iv ◽  
Polish Adaptation ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to analyze if parents’ labour migration experienced during childhood has long-lasting influence on people’s psychological functioning. It was verified whether family functioning defined as flexibility, cohesion, communication, and maladaptive beliefs was differentiated by the occurrenceof parents’ labuor migration. It was also tested if parents’ labour migration moderated the relationship between family functioning and maladaptive beliefs. The sample comprised 170 young adults (Mage = 21,81; SD = 2,99) including 94 people whose parents had migrated to work abroad, and 76 people whose parents had never left to work abroad. The study used the Polish adaptation of The Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form (YSQ-S3-PL) by Oettingen, Chodkiewicz, Mącik, and Gruszczyńska (2017), and an adaptation of the FACES-IV by Margasiński (2013). The results indicated that in eight of the tested models, the parents’ labour migration moderated the relationship between family functioning and maladaptive beliefs. The greatest susceptibility to the moderating effects of the indicated set of variables was observed in relation to the maladaptive schema of Defectiveness.

scholarly journals Problematic Smartphone Use and Aggressive Behavior Among University Students: The Mediating Role of Sleep Disturbance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Salman Zarei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Despite several benefits, research has found that problematic smartphone use is positively associated with behavioral problems. However, the internal mechanisms underlying this relationship need further investigation. So, the current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and aggression. Methods: The research design was descriptive-correlational. Also, the study population included the male university students of the Islamic Azad University of South Tehran Branch in the academic year of 2019-2020. Using the convenience sampling method, a total number of 213 participants from two faculties (Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Law and Political Sciences) were selected and tested by Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Then, the Pearson correlation and path analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed the significant and direct effects of problematic smartphone use on aggression (β=0.12, P<0.05), sleep quality on aggression (β=0.37, P<0.001), and problematic smartphone use on sleep disturbance (β=0.42, P<0.001). Also, sleep quality significantly mediated in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and aggression (β=0.15, P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the present findings, problematic smartphone use and sleep disturbance are two important factors affecting aggressive behavior among university students. These findings highlight the critical role of early intervention for aggression with a focus on those with problematic smartphone use and more specifically those with sleep disturbance.

scholarly journals Caudate nucleus volume mediates the link between glutamatergic neurotransmission and problematic smartphone use in youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hyun Yoo ◽  
Ji-Won Chun ◽  
Mi Ran Choi ◽  
Hyun Cho ◽  
Jin-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Glutamate Level ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Serum Glutamate

AbstractBackground and aimsProblematic smartphone use (PSU) is growing rapidly among teens. It has similar presentations as other behavioral addictions in terms of excessive use, impulse control problems, and negative consequences. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain undiscovered. We hypothesized that structural changes in the striatum might serve as an important link between alteration in glutamate signaling and development of PSU.MethodsAmong 88 participants, twenty (F:M, 12:8; age 16.2 ± 1.1) reported high scores in the smartphone addiction proneness scale (SAPS) with a cut-off score of 42; the other 68 (F:M, 19:49; age 15.3 ± 1.7) comprised the control group. Sociodemographic data and depression, anxiety, and impulsivity traits were measured. Striatal volumes (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens) were estimated from T1 imaging data. Serum glutamate levels were estimated from peripheral blood samples. Group comparisons of each data were performed after controlling for age and gender. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the indirect effects of glutamate level alteration on PSU through striatal volumetric alteration.ResultsThe PSU group showed a decrease in both caudate volumes than the control group. Left caudate volume was positively correlated with serum glutamate level, and negatively with impulsivity traits and SAPS scores. The mediation model revealed a significant indirect effect of serum glutamate on SAS scores through the reduced left caudate volume.Discussion and conclusionsThis study suggests that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission may be associated with PSU among teens, possibly through reduced left caudate volume. Current findings might support neural mechanisms of smartphone addiction.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Social Anxiety, Smartphone Use, Dispositional Trust, and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Moderated Mediation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2452
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Annoni ◽  
Serena Petrocchi ◽  
Anne-Linda Camerini ◽  
Laura Marciano
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Dispositional Trust ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The pervasiveness of smartphones has raised concerns about an increase in the prevalence of problematic smartphone use (PSU), which depends on a set of psychological and behavioral risk factors. Previous research has yielded mixed results on factors predicting PSU, including social anxiety and trust. In particular, the role of trust remained largely unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and PSU, via the mediating role of time spent on the phone, and to explore the moderating role of dispositional trust toward others, by using a moderated mediation model with PSU as the outcome. Methods: A total of 240 young adults (Mage = 23.33, SD = 3.90, 50% male) answered an online questionnaire, which included the 12-item Social Anxiety Scale, a question on the daily duration of smartphone use, a single-item measure of dispositional trust, and the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version. Gender and occupational status were included as covariates. Results: Social anxiety was significantly and positively related to PSU; however, smartphone use did not mediate this relationship. Although the relationship between smartphone use and PSU was significant and positive, the link between social anxiety and smartphone use was not. Dispositional trust moderated and strengthened the direct relationships between social anxiety and PSU as well as smartphone use and PSU. Conclusions. Heavy smartphone users as well as socially anxious individuals, with the tendency of trusting others, are more at risk of PSU, which can be explained by their preference and search for online connections.

scholarly journals Associations between changes in behavioral difficulties and levels of problematic smartphone use in adolescents over a 1-year period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Poulain ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Tobias Kliesener ◽  
Wieland Kiess
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Behavioral Difficulties ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract Objectives The present longitudinal study investigates associations between changes in externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties and changes in problematic smartphone usage within the same 1-year period in healthy adolescents. Methods The project is part of the LIFE Child cohort study conducted in Leipzig, Germany. Ten- to 16-year-old adolescents (n = 363) provided information on behavioral difficulties [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)], the duration of daily smartphone use, and symptoms of smartphone addiction [Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS)] at two consecutive study visits, t1 and t2 (1 year after t1). In the first of two analysis phases, we applied linear regression analyses to assess cross-sectional associations between externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties and the duration of smartphone use and symptoms of smartphone addiction (at t1 and t2). In the second, we assessed associations between the changes measured in these variables over the period of a year. All associations were adjusted for age, sex, and soci-economic status. Results Children who reported prolonged periods of smartphone use or more symptoms of smartphone addiction exhibited significantly higher levels of externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties at t1 and t2. Further, children who increased their usage or developed addiction symptoms between t1 and t2 also developed more externalizing behavioral difficulties. We found the same tendencies in regard to internalizing behavioral difficulties, although the associations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The present findings suggest that externalizing behavioral difficulties and problematic smartphone use are mutually dependent in the long term.

scholarly journals The Italian Version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-I) for Adolescents: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Relation with Self-Control and Internalized-Externalized Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bassi ◽  
Adriana Lis ◽  
Tatiana Marci ◽  
Silvia Salcuni
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe increased smartphone use in adolescence has led clinicians and researchers to carry out in-depth studies on the matter. Adolescents seem to be at risk of smartphone addiction because they are yet to develop self-control in smartphone use. This psychometric study aimed at examining the levels of validity evidence for the Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Italian (SPAI-I) version for adults, among adolescents. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the factor structure of the SPAI-I version for adults among adolescents but not the exploratory factor structure for adults of the original Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). Convergent validity was assessed by examining the relationship between SPAI-I, self-control, and internalized and externalized problems. A total of 446 Italian adolescents (mean age = 16.04, SD = 1.72, 36.3% males) completed the Self-Restraint Subscale of the Adolescent Self-Consciousness and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires—with a specific focus on the subscales of internalized and externalized problems. Present findings suggested that the SPAI-I version could be used to assess smartphone overuse among adolescents according to a multidimensional perspective.

scholarly journals Digital leisure and perceived family functioning in youth of upper Secondary Education

Comunicar ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Ángeles Valdemoros-San-Emeterio ◽  
Eva Sanz-Arazuri ◽  
Ana Ponce-de-León-Elizondo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Faces Iv ◽  
Funcionamiento Familiar ◽  
The Relationship

The «Network Society» is identified by accelerated changes that occur between real and virtual worlds. The progress of digital devices has generated a new model of leisure that it has conditioned family interactions. The aim of this research was to identify the relationship between digital leisure experiences and perceived family functioning in post-compulsory secondary education Spanish students. The sample was composed of 1,764 Spanish young people 15-18 years old; all of them were post-compulsory secondary education students. Students’ digital leisure activities were measured by an opening question by which they indicated the three most important leisure activities for them, and family functioning was measured by the answers from the Spanish adaptation for FACES IV questionnaire (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale). A descriptive analysis about digital leisure activities of young people was used. The family functioning coefficient of each subject was determined and, finally, the relationship between students’ family functioning perceived and students’ digital leisure practices assessed by a factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Young people give importance to digital leisure activities, highlighting social network participation, playing videogames and browsing the Internet. Cohesion, flexibility and family functioning are healthier when children don´t point to any digital activity into their preferred leisure practices. The results suggest that new research should be conducted to confirm whether this negative association between family functioning and digital leisure is causal or due to other factors. La «Sociedad Red» se identifica con acelerados cambios que se suceden entre el mundo real y el virtual. El progreso de dispositivos digitales ha generado un nuevo modelo de ocio que ha condicionado las interacciones familiares. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar percibido por estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria postobligatoria y su práctica de ocio digital. La muestra ascendió a 1.764 estudiantes. El ocio digital se midió a partir de una pregunta abierta en la que debían señalar las tres actividades de ocio más importantes, y el funcionamiento familiar se valoró mediante la versión española del FACES IV (Escala de cohesión y adaptación familiar). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo sobre las actividades de ocio digital de los jóvenes, se determinó el coeficiente del funcionamiento familiar de cada sujeto y mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de un factor se valoró la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar percibido por los estudiantes y las actividades de ocio digital practicadas por los mismos. Los jóvenes otorgan importancia a las actividades digitales de ocio, destacando la participación en redes sociales, jugar a videojuegos y navegar por Internet. La cohesión, la flexibilidad y el funcionamiento familiar gozan de mejor salud cuando los hijos no apuntan actividades digitales entre sus prácticas preferentes de ocio. Los resultados sugieren nuevas investigaciones que comprueben si esta asociación negativa entre funcionamiento familiar y ocio digital es causal o se debe a otros factores.

Problematic smartphone use and anxiety in adolescents: survey study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Eun Lee ◽  
Kitai Kim ◽  
Jeong Yee ◽  
Jee Eun Chung ◽  
Joo Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Observational Study Design ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

BACKGROUND Smartphone overuse is a troubling issue to many, influencing psychological, social, and physical aspects. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the association between risk of problematic smartphone use and anxiety in adolescents. METHODS A questionnaire-based observational study design was used. Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale was used to assess symptoms of anxiety, and Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale index was used to evaluate the degree of high-risk or potential-risk for problematic smartphone use. RESULTS Analyses were conducted on 1,733 adolescents, including 771 boys and 962 girls. 20.1% of the studied population was classified as high-risk or potential-risk group for problematic smartphone use. Risk of problematic smartphone use exhibited statistically significant effects on the total anxiety scale, as well as physiological anxiety, oversensitivity, and social concern (all P-values < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis suggested that higher anxiety scales were associated with the higher risk of problematic smartphone use, as well as following factors: poor self-reported health, fewer number of close friends, caffeine beverage consumption, female sex, and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that higher risk of problematic smartphone use was associated with anxiety. Thus, management of problematic smartphone use seems necessary for the enhancement of psychological health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document