Undocumented Migration to Venezuela

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Van Roy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Undocumented Migration ◽  
Undocumented Migrant ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
First Time

In 1980 Venezuela took concrete steps to regularize the undocumented migrant population. While the number responding to the amnesty was small relative to expectations, the majority of illegals appeared to have regularized their status. For the first time it was possible to assess objectively the characteristics of the undocumented population. Moreover, the problem of illegal migrants seems to have been temporarily solved, a result of both the amnesty and the country's declining economic activity.

scholarly journals Cidade de Nampula: a Rainha do Norte de Moçambique

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mendes Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Military Control ◽  
The City ◽  
Demographic Growth

The city of Nampula, located in the Northern hinterland of Mozambique, has always been considered the «capital of the North». Founded with the aim of ensuring military control over the colonial penetration of the hinterland, it is an important crossroads where the litoral-hinterland and centre-North axes intersect. Just like Mozambique’sother urban areas, the city of Nampula underwent considerable demographic growth in the period that followed the independence of the country, including the period of civil war and the peace that ensued from 1992 onwards. This demographic growth was the result of a significant migration inflow originating in the rural areas. As the city’s infrastructure and economic activity was unable to keep apace with this growth, the idea of migrating to the city with the aim of improving the livelihood of the migrant population was nothing but a mirage, which eventually resulted in the proliferation of the informal economy as a means of livelihood. The «city of concrete» still exhibits a series of urban and demographic haracteristics that differ substantially from those of the surrounding urban administrative units.

scholarly journals Surveillance capitalism and children’s data: the Internet of toys and things for children

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donell Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
First Time

This article discusses the positioning of children both as objects of economic activity as and subjects of market relations under surveillance capitalism. It looks briefly at the history of children’s engagement with the market economy from their engagement in the labour force during industrial revolution times; their disappearance from direct economic activity during the Romantic Movement; through to their emergence as both data sources and data consumers within a big data economy. It argues that this is the first time since children retreated from the paid labour force in the late 19th and early 20th centuries due to labour law reforms that their activities are of significant economic value, and that the emergence of Internet-connected toys and things for children will significantly amplify children’s position as data sources under surveillance capitalism.

Economic and Cultural Life of the Czech Migrants of Volhynian Province in the Late 19th – early 20th centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Melnychuk Melnychuk ◽  
Oleksandr Sulimenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
High Level ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
First Time

The article explores the main aspects of Czech economic activity in the territory of Volhyn. Particular attention is paid to the formation of agriculture, the acquisition of land by the colonists, their agriculture and industry. The article highlights the peculiarities of Czech people cultural life in the region at the end of XIX – beginning of XX century. It is noted that the most favorable conditions for Czech emigration were created in the Volhynian province, where after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and the unsuccessful Polish uprising in 1863, the Czechs were able to buy land at relatively cheap prices. The article shows the tsarist government’s policy towards the settlers, which he endorsed and supported in order to weaken the influence of the Polish nobility and raise the economic level of the province. It is noted that the Czech settlers were interested in local Polish landlords, who were devastated for various reasons and were considered to be real buyers of their land. The article chronologically indicates their regions of residence in the Volyn province counties. The study shows the difficulties faced by migrants in their first years of residence on new territory and ways to overcome them. It is noted that the tsarist administration saw in the Czechs the bearers of Western European progress, because they were distinguished by a high level of agro-culture. The article examines the tsarist government’s study of the quantitative and qualitative state of life of the Czechs in the province, and points to the authorities’ conclusion that the settlers were wealthy compared to Ukrainian peasants. For the first time on the basis of archival documents, the study analyzed the number of Czechs and the amount of land they purchased for private ownership in each township and in general in the Volhynian province counties. It was concluded that the largest number of Czechs lived in Dubna County, where on average there were 1,45 des. of land per person, and in general in the province there were 1,6 des. of land per person. It is noted that during the Stolypin agrarian reform, the Czechs began to migrate from the agrarian-populated Volhynian province to other regions of the empire. The article analyzes the peculiarities of Czechs’ economic activity during the reform period, the creation of exemplary farms and cutting farms. Based on individual field studies, the value of Czech living in the region is shown.

scholarly journals The Limitations of Marginal Utility

2007 ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Neoclassical Theory ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
First Time ◽  
Influence Behavior

The article written by the founder of institutionalism and published in 1909 is translated into Russian for the first time. Veblen criticizes different versions of neoclassical theories of production and consumption, trying to consider human behavior in the wide cultural context. He suggests a methodological alternative to neoclassical theory, rebutting teleological explanations of neoclassics and emphasizing causal relations. Moreover Veblen formulates a theoretical alternative: he develops a theory of institutional evolution and describes how habits, customary modes of thought and conventional judgments influence behavior of businessmen and how the analysis of their scheme of life can contribute to deeper understanding of their economic activity.

scholarly journals Linguoculturological aspect of studying Turkic toponyms of Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Emine Suleimanovna Ganieva ◽  
Zarema Seityag'yaevna Osmanova ◽  
Akhtem Seit-Ametovich Mazinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Cultural Artifact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Color Form ◽  
First Time ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The object of this research is the Turkic toponymic units of the Crimean Region. The subject of this research is the Crimean Tatar toponymic lexicon in the linguocultural aspect. The article examines the Turkic (Crimean Tatar) toponymic system as a fragment of the linguistic worldview of its native speakers. The need is underlined for comprehensive characteristics of geographical denominations of the Crimean Peninsula, with consideration of linguoculturological components as a full-fledged element. The goal consists in description of the Turkic toponymic units of Crimean Region as a phenomenon generated by the culture of Crimean Tatars. It is determined that the semantic of Turkic toponyms is motivated by different associations related to images of the animals and their habitat, plants, historical events and legends that defined names of the objects, etc. There also nomens with unmotivated semantics, permitting variable semantization. As a result of analysis, the examined in linguoculturological aspect toponyms of Crimea of Turkic origin are classified by most significant thematic groups. The Crimean Tatar toponymic lexicon is viewed from linguoculturological perspective for the first time, which defines the scientific novelty of the research. The following conclusions were made: geographical denominations of Crimea are the cultural artifact of Crimean Tatars, reflecting the historical stages of their settlement, ancient migrations and interethnic contacts, economic activity. Political and social transformations, geographical specificities, location, territorial traditions, including those that no longer exist.  The geographical nominations, alongside the instances of creation of toponyms based on external resemblance of geographical object with the realities surrounded Crimean Tatars (color, form), also used cultural and mental associative principles of nomination. This is why the terms included religious, somatic, legend-based, and other components.  

Ghost Workers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bronwen Horton
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Undocumented Migration ◽  
Undocumented Migrant ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Local Officials

Migrant farmworkers’ exclusion from many labor protections and forms of social assistance forces them to rely on informal and illicit subsistence strategies. One such strategy is “identity loan,” in which a migrant with legal status loans an undocumented migrant the work authorization documents that the latter needs to work. Unlike “identity theft,” then, “identity loan” is the voluntary and mutually beneficial exchange of work authorization documents. This chapter explores why document exchange flourishes in migrant communities, even as labor supervisors take advantage of such loans to reduce their labor costs. Labor supervisors often threaten to falsely position identity “loans” as “thefts,” denying “identity recipients” their right to workers’ compensation insurance when they are injured. Thus the recent trend towards governing immigration through crime—that is, federal and local officials’ reliance on criminal prosecution to deter undocumented migration— hands labor supervisors yet one more tool to create a docile labor force.

scholarly journals Organization of the Living Space and the Inferred Economic Activity at the Middle Paleolithic Site in Saradj-Chuko Grotto (based on materials of layer 6B)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Doronicheva ◽  
◽  
Galina N. Poplevko ◽  
Vadim V. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Habitation Site

The use of modern methods of microstratigraphic and planigraphic analyses allows the authors to speak about features of organizing life space in the Middle Paleolithic sites. The layer 6B at Saradj-Chuko grotto can be defined as an actively occupied Middle Paleolithic habitation site, where ancient humans were engaged in manufacture and use of obsidian tools. A tracelogical analysis allowed the authors to reconstruct various economic activities of ancient humans. For the first time for the Middle Paleolithic site in the northern slope of the central Caucasus, a tracelogical analysis was carried out taking into account the space distribution of tools over the site area, which allowed us to study features of human activity at different areas of the site. The new data are considered within a broad context of the Middle Paleolithic of the Caucasus, as well as the available data on economic activity and residential structures in various sites are analyzed.

scholarly journals DEMANDA DE DINERO Y CAPTACIÓN BANCARIA EN MÉXICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (314) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ramón Valencia Romero ◽  
Jorge Andrés González Moya ◽  
Humberto Ríos Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Money Demand ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Switching Model ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Bank Funding ◽  
First Time

<p>Considerando las variables de actividad económica y de costo de oportunidad de mantener dinero que inciden en la demanda de dinero (M1), analizamos su efecto en la captación del sistema bancario mexicano (2006-2018). Por primera vez se introduce a M1 como determinante de la captación. El análisis emplea un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR, <em>Vector Autoregression</em>) para evaluar la cointegración, así como modelos de corrección de errores. Concluimos que la captación bancaria no fue determinada por la variable actividad económica (el IGAE), sino por algunas variables de costo de oportunidad; sobresale el papel de M1 como determinante de la captación. Por último, obtuvimos un comportamiento estable de la captación. La estabilidad la analizamos con un modelo de cambio de régimen, e identificamos dos regímenes, alta y baja volatilidad; predomina este último.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">MONEY DEMAND AND BANK DEPOSITS IN MEXICO</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Considering that the variables economic activity and opportunity cost of holding money affect money demand (M1), their effect on deposits at the Mexican banking system is analyzed for the period 2006-2018. For the first time ever, M1 is introduced as a determinant of bank deposits. A Vector Autoregressive Model is used to assess cointegration. Error Correction Models were used. We concluded that bank deposits were not determined by the variable economic activity (IGAE), the rate of inflation nor the bank funding rate, but by some opportunity cost variables. The role of M1 stands out as a determinant of bank deposits. Finally, a stable behavior of bank deposits is obtained. Stability is analyzed using a Regime Switching-Model, two regimes are identified, high and low volatility, the latter predominates.</p>

scholarly journals ATTRACTIVENESS OF LANDSCAPES OF VOLYN REGION (UKRAINE): THEORY AND PRACTICE OF EVALUATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Anastasiia R. HRYNASIUK ◽  
◽  
Oksana V. NOVOSAD ◽  
Leonid V. ILYIN ◽  
Olga V. ILYINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Aesthetic Appeal ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
First Time ◽  
Environmental Activity

This research aims to identify the most valuable territories in terms of aesthetics. Objective and subjective methods were used to assess the attractiveness of the landscapes of the Volyn region. As a result of the evaluation, four degrees of the attractiveness of the landscapes were selected. The results of a comprehensive evaluation of the aesthetical attractiveness of landscapes of the region were obtained for the first time. Cartographic materials based on the studies were established. Evaluation of the landscape's aesthetic appeal is relevant to the rational planning of economic activity territorial organization, especially for the development of the environmental activity.

scholarly journals Food Security in a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (514) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
S. V. Tiutiunnykova ◽  
◽  
I. Y. Skochko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Coronavirus pandemic, which unfolded in the modern world, became a trigger for the development of economic crisis. Its most acute manifestation is the food crisis. There are a number of fundamental reasons for this: firstly, the world of the XXI century is a «full world» (Herman Daly), which is populated by almost 8 billion people, which results in a contradiction with the resource potential of the planet; secondly, the food crisis belongs to structural crises, which cannot be solved in the conditions of the established system of economic activity; thirdly, the world faced the before unrealized level of inequality – in human development, income, consumption and other forms, which is reflected primarily in gaps in the level of food consumption; fourthly, there is a growing requirement for quality of life in the world, which leads to new approaches to quality, calorie content and food balance. The problem of economic security is complex, aggregated, interdisciplinary, the solution of the problem requires a fundamental transformation of thinking, the development of a new system of values and civilizational shifts. The use of the latest technologies for the first time creates an opportunity to achieve a high standard of living for all people of the planet, not just for the «golden billion». However, the system of economic activity in the capitalist system is not able to provide this type of development. It is the food crisis that shows the «failures» of capitalism. Based on this, we believe that the solution to this problem should unite the countries of the world, complementaryly link them in the achievement of food security. Actualization of the solution of the food crisis requires not only the participation of the entire world community, but also a rapid response to the novel challenges. The latest technologies with enormous potential must be used rationally to enhance the welfare of all mankind, eliminate hunger and poverty. If we do not provide humanitarian guidance for new technologies, they will contribute to further deepening of food disparities and undermining food security.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document