Consumption of carbonated soft drinks among Ghanaian adolescents: associations with socio-demographic factors, health risk factors and psychological distress

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602199693
Author(s):  
Prince Atorkey ◽  
Mariam Akwei ◽  
Winifred Asare-Doku
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Carbonated Soft Drinks ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Carbonated soft drinks consumption is associated with weight gain and other chronic diseases. Aim: To examine whether socio-demographic factors, health risk factors and psychological distress are associated with carbonated soft drink consumption among adolescents in selected senior high schools in Ghana. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2012 Ghana Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Participants consisted of 1756 school-going adolescents sampled using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine whether socio-demographic factors, health risk factors and psychological distress were associated with consumption of soft drinks. Results: The prevalence of carbonated soft drinks consumption was 34.9%. Males (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.59–0.92); p = 0.007), and participants with high socio-economic status (OR = 0.76 (95% CI 0.48–0.97); p = 0.033) had smaller odds for consumption of soft drinks. Also, adolescents in Senior High School (SHS) 3 (OR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.53–0.97); p = 0.034) and SHS 4 (OR = 0.63 (95% CI 0.43–0.91); p = 0.014) had smaller odds for soft drinks intake compared to those in SHS 1. Health risk factors associated with greater odds of high soft drink consumption were tobacco use (OR = 1.68, (95% CI 1.07–2.65); p = 0.025), fast food consumption (OR = 1.88, (95% CI 1.47–2.41); p = 0.011) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.43, (95% CI 1.02–1.99); p = 0.039). Consuming adequate fruit (OR = 0.19 (95% CI 0.15–0.24); p = 0.000) and adequate vegetable (OR = 0.55 (95% CI 0.34–0.87); p = 0.011) were associated with lower odds for soft drink consumption. Adolescents who reported feeling anxious had smaller odds for soft drink intake (OR = 0.65, (95% CI 0.47–0.91); p = 0.011). Conclusions: The findings from this study show that socio-demographic characteristics, health risk factors and psychological distress are associated with the soft drink consumption among adolescents in Ghana. Interventions aimed at reducing soft drink consumption and other health risk factors are needed.

Erosive Tooth Wear and Related Risk Factors in 8- and 14-Year-Old Greek Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymia Provatenou ◽  
Eleftherios G. Kaklamanos ◽  
Aikaterini Kevrekidou ◽  
Ismini Kosma ◽  
Nikolaos Kotsanos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Erosive Tooth Wear ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Related Risk

The aim of the present study was to investigate the erosive tooth wear of primary and permanent teeth and its association with related risk factors. Two groups of Greek children aged 8 (n = 329) and 14 years (n = 263) were examined in the classroom using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Data concerning risk factors were collected using questionnaires. Dental caries (DMFS/dmfs) was also recorded. The data were analyzed using the t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, Fisher's exact test, and the χ2 test. In the 8-year-olds, the primary teeth showed a predominantly medium level of wear and the permanent teeth no wear. A majority of the 14-year-olds exhibited low risk levels of wear. The most frequently affected dental surface in both age groups was the occlusal surface of the mandibular posterior teeth. In the 8-year-olds, BEWE scores and the prevalence of wear in the primary teeth was influenced by gender (p = 0.020). In their permanent teeth, soft drink consumption (p < 0.0001) and preference for lemon/vinegar (p = 0.041) significantly affected wear prevalence and BEWE scores, while habitually retaining soft drinks in the mouth influenced wear prevalence (p = 0.008), risk (p = 0.004), and BEWE scores (p = 0.022). In the 14-year-olds, wear prevalence was significantly affected by the consumption of lemon-flavored candies (p = 0.016) and soft drinks (p = 0.050). BEWE scores were significantly affected by gender (p = 0.022) and soft drink consumption (p = 0.030). Gender influenced tooth wear risk in both age groups (p = 0.010 and p = 0.021, respectively). The results of this study indicate that erosive tooth wear differed between primary and permanent teeth and was influenced by gender and dietary factors.

scholarly journals Health-Risk Transition and 8-Year Hypertension Incidence in a Nationwide Thai Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Prasutr Thawornchaisit ◽  
Fredinandus De Looze ◽  
Christopher M Reid ◽  
Sam-ang Seubsman ◽  
Adrian Sleigh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Household Asset

OBJECTIVE: Rapid economic growth is transforming Thailand into a middle-income country. Also emerging are chronic diseases particularly hypertension, diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. There are few studies of the incidence of hypertension. We analyse the effect on 8-year incidence of hypertension of transitional health-risk factors including demography, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), sedentariness, physical activity, underlying diseases, personal behaviours, food, fruit and vegetable consumption.DESIGN & METHODS: Health-risk factors and their effects on the incidence of hypertension were evaluated prospectively in the national Thai Cohort Study from 2005 to 2013. All data were derived from 40,548 Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University students returning mail-based questionnaire surveys in both 2005 and 2013. Adjusted relative risks of association between each risk factor and incidence of hypertension were calculated after controlling for confounding factors.RESULTS: In Thailand, the 8-year incidence of hypertension was 5.1% (men 7.1%, women 3.6%). Hypertension was associated with ageing, higher BMI, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, high lipids, SES, lower education level, lower household asset, physical inactivity, smoking, instant food intake and soft drink. Sex, having a partner, urbanization and sedentary habits had no influence on hypertension.CONCLUSION: In Thailand, hypertension is becoming a serious risk factor for chronic disease with a wide array of associations with modern life. As Thailand’s socio-economy develops the health-risk transition will further impact on population health. Thais should be encouraged by government policy to consume less instant food, maintain normal BMI, increased physical activity, stop smoking and consume less soft drink.

scholarly journals Determinants of adolescents’ soft drink consumption

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elling Bere ◽  
Elin Sørli Glomnes ◽  
Saskia J te Velde ◽  
Knut-Inge Klepp
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Carbonated Soft Drinks ◽  
Educational Plans ◽  
School Preferences

AbstractObjectiveTo identify determinants of adolescents’ consumption of carbonated soft drinks (regular and diet), both of total consumption and of consumption at school.Design/Setting/SubjectsRegular and diet soft drink consumption was measured by food frequency questions that were dichotomised. Several potential environmental and personal determinants of consumption were measured. A total of 2870 (participation rate: 85%) 9th and 10th graders, within 33 Norwegian schools, participated in the study. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were preformed for total soft drink consumption (twice a week or more vs. less) and for consumption at school (once a week or more vs. less).ResultsA total of 63% and 27% of the participants reported to drink respectively regular and diet soft drinks twice a week or more, and 24% and 8%, respectively, reported to drink soft drinks once a week or more at school. Preferences, accessibility, modelling and attitudes were the strongest determinants of both regular and diet soft drink consumption. In addition, gender, educational plans and dieting were related to both total soft drink consumption and consumption at school. Pupils with longer distance from school to shop and those in schools with rules concerning soft drink consumption tended to have lower odds of drinking both regular and diet soft drinks at school.ConclusionThis study shows that gender, educational plans, dieting, accessibility, modelling, attitudes and preferences all seem to be strong determinants of adolescents’ soft drink consumption. Parents and the home environment appear as great potential intervention targets.

scholarly journals Which Risk Factors Matter More for Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Application Approach of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5879
Author(s):  
Yiyi Chen ◽  
Ye Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Objective Risk ◽  
Direct Distance

Background: A growing body of scientific literature indicates that risk factors for COVID-19 contribute to a high level of psychological distress. However, there is no consensus on which factors contribute more to predicting psychological health. Objectives: The present study quantifies the importance of related risk factors on the level of psychological distress and further explores the threshold effect of each rick factor on the level of psychological distress. Both subjective and objective measures of risk factors are considered in the model. Methods: We sampled 937 individual items of data obtained from an online questionnaire between 20 January and 13 February 2020 in China. Objective risk factors were measured in terms of direct distance from respondents’ housing to the nearest COVID-19 hospital, direct distance from respondents’ housing to the nearest park, and the air quality index (AQI). Perceived risk factors were measured in regard to perceived distance to the nearest COVID-19 hospital, perceived air quality, and perceived environmental quality. Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler psychological distress scale K6 score. The following health risk factors and sociodemographic factors were considered: self-rated health level, physical health status, physical activity, current smoker or drinker, age, gender, marital status, educational attainment level, residence location, and household income level. A gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was used to analyse the data. Results: Health risk factors were the greatest contributors to predicting the level of psychological distress, with a relative importance of 42.32% among all influential factors. Objective risk factors had a stronger predictive power than perceived risk factors (23.49% vs. 16.26%). Furthermore, it was found that there was a dramatic rise in the moderate level of psychological distress regarding the threshold of AQI between 40 and 50, and 110 and 130, respectively. Gender-sensitive analysis revealed that women and men responded differently to psychological distress based on different risk factors. Conclusion: We found evidence that perceived indoor air quality played a more important role in predicting psychological distress compared to ambient air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with and without obesity: Metabolic, nutritional and soft drink consumption variables / Riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes con y sin obesidad: Variables metabólicas, nutricionales y consumo de refresco

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Rebeca Monroy-Torres ◽  
Carolina Aguilera Juárez ◽  
Jaime Naves-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

Abstract  A high added sugars (AS) intake is associated with greater overweight and obesity; however, having normal weight does not mean low intake of AS. The objective of this study was to associate the main cardiometabolic risk factors with nutritional status, soft drink intake (SDI) and other beverages with AS. Participants were 89 adolescents 10-15 years old (53 with obesity [GCO] and 36 without obesity [GSO]). The measures were: body fat percentage, body mass index, blood pressure, uric acid and blood glucose; besides a food reminder of 24 hours and a food intake frequency questionnaire. From the GCO, 31% had hypertension, 71% acanthosis nigricans, 13% hyperuricemia and 17% high values of glucose. However, the GSO increased the consumption of soft drinks, as well as the limit values ​​in other risk factors. Although there were no differences between the groups in the consumption of carbohydrates, there were in the frequency and amount of simple sugar and drinks with AS, for instance soft drinks. It is highlighted the importance to include the already known risk factors and a detailed analysis of SDI and other soft drinks with AS.  Resumen  El consumo alto de azúcares añadidos (AZA) se asocia a mayor sobrepeso y obesidad; sin embargo, la posesión de un peso corporal adecuado puede no descartar dicho consumo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la asociación de los principales factores de riesgo cardiometabólico con el estado nutricio, el consumo de refresco (CNR) y de otras bebidas con AZA. Participaron 89 adolescentes de 10-15 años de edad (53 con obesidad [GCO] y 36 sin obesidad [GSO]). Las medidas recabadas fueron: porcentaje de grasa corporal, índice de masa corporal, presión arterial, ácido úrico y glucosa sanguínea; además de un recordatorio de alimentación (24 hrs) y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Del GCO, 31% presentó hipertensión, 71% acantosis nigricans, 13% hiperuricemia y 17% valores altos de glucosa. No obstante, el GSO registró mayor consumo de refresco, así como valores limítrofes en los demás factores de riesgo. Aunque no hubo diferencia entre los grupos en el consumo de carbohidratos, si en la frecuencia y cantidad del consumo de azúcar simple y de bebidas con AZA, entre ellas el refresco. Destaca la importancia de integrar a los factores de riesgo ya conocidos, el análisis pormenorizado del CNR y otras bebidas con AZA.   

scholarly journals Health Across Generations: Findings From the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne C. Lucke ◽  
Wendy Brown ◽  
Leigh Tooth ◽  
Deborah Loxton ◽  
Julie Byles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Health Status Indicators ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Australian Longitudinal Study

Interpretation of changes in health and health care utilization patterns across the life span depends on an understanding of the effects of age, period, and cohort. The purpose of this article is to illustrate differences among three generations of women in demographic factors, health risk factors, and health status indicators from 1996 to 2008. The article examines data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, a broad-ranging project funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) and involving three age groups of women (born in the periods 1973—1978, 1946—1951, and 1921—1926) who were first surveyed in 1996 and will be surveyed every 3 years until at least 2015. Patterns in selected demographic factors (marital status and level of educational qualification), health risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index [BMI]), and health status indicators (asthma, hypertension, diabetes and depression; physical functioning and mental health scores from the SF-36) were examined to illustrate examples of biological age, generational differences, or period effects that affect all age groups and generations simultaneously. The results can be used to inform the development of responsive and effective models for both prevention and management of chronic disease, including health and aged-care systems that will meet the needs of different generations of women across their life span.

scholarly journals Health factor in soft drink consumption, German example

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Krisztián Lőrinczi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Carbonated Soft Drinks ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
Relevant Factors

Consumer lifestyle and health are relevant factors to understanding consumption preferences.The number of lifestyle diseases has dramatically increased worldwide. The main cause for these diseases is the change in lifestyle; including a lack of attention to physical activity and good nutrition. Health and lifestyle are important factors by purchase decision process. In accordance with these, I examine the consumer behaviour toward soft drinks with special regards to healthy lifestyle and the state of health. My examinations can be considered mainly as a qualitative research among German students, which can serve as a basis for further analyses and research, however, the conclusions and experience gained from it are worthy of consideration. I differentiated five categories: ice tea, carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, mineral waters, sport and energy drinks and studied the consumer behaviour toward them. The study focuses on the consumption of these and the factors influencing their purchase with special regards to lifestyle.

scholarly journals Health-Risk Factors and 8-Year Incidence of Kidney Disease in Transitional Thailand: Prospective Findings From a Large National Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Prasutr Thawornchaisit ◽  
Fredinandus De Looze ◽  
Christopher M Reid ◽  
Sam-ang Seubsman ◽  
Adrian Sleigh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Household Assets

OBJECTIVE: Kidney disease (KD) is increasing its burden in Thailand but prospective observational KD studies are few. So we analysed 8-year nationwide Thai Cohort Study (TCS) data on KD incidence, distribution and risk association among Thais.DESIGN & METHOD: TCS is a longitudinal study of the Thai health-risk transition among Open University student residing nationwide. At baseline (2005) the cohort members analysed here were aged 15-88 years and did not have KD. At the follow up in 2013 (n=41638) incident KD was reported based on doctor diagnosis. We analysed the 8-year cumulative incidence of KD and its association with risk factors by using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS: The incidence of KD (2005 to 2013) was 4.0%; the rate in men (5.9) was significantly higher than in women (2.5). KD increased significantly for both increasing age and body mass index (BMI) (p trend <0.001 for both). Its incidence was strongly associated with concurrent diseases including hypertension, diabetes and high blood lipids and moderately associated with increased frequency of cigarette smoking, instant food, roast or smoked food and soft drink consumption. KD decreased with increases in personal income, household assets, walking and physical activity.CONCLUSION: Physical activity, high income and household assets prevented KD. Lifestyle changes such as smoking and high consumption of instant, roast or smoked food and soft drink increased risk of KD. Government should encourage more physical activity and less smoking, salt and sugar.

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