What the analytic versus holistic scoring of international teaching assistants can reveal: Lexical grammar matters

2021 ◽  
pp. 026553222110400
Author(s):  
Wenyue Ma
Keyword(s):  
International Teaching Assistants ◽  
Holistic Scoring ◽  
Grammatical Competence ◽  
International Teaching Assistant ◽  
Speaking Proficiency ◽  
International Teaching ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Second-language (L2) testing researchers have explored the relationship between speakers’ overall speaking ability, reflected by holistic scores, and the speakers’ performance on speaking subcomponents, reflected by analytic scores (e.g., McNamara, 1990; Sato, 2011). These research studies have advanced applied linguists’ understanding of how raters view the components of effective speaking skills, but the authors of the studies either used analytic composite scores, instead of true holistic ratings, or ran regression analyses with highly correlated subscores, which is problematic. To address these issues, 10 experienced ITA raters rated the speaking of 127 international teaching assistant (ITA) candidates using a four-component analytic rubric. In addition, holistic ratings were provided for the 127 test takers from a separate (earlier) scoring by two experienced ITA raters. The two types of scores differentiated examinees in similar ways. The variability observed in students’ holistic scores was reflected in their analytic scores. However, among the four analytic subscales, examinees’ scores on Lexical and Grammatical Competence had the greatest differentiating power. Its scores indicated with a high level of accuracy who passed the test and who did not. The paper discusses the components contributing to ITAs’ L2 oral speaking proficiency, and reviews pedagogical implications.

scholarly journals Tale of the Tape: International Teaching Assistant Noticing During Videotaped Classroom Observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-446
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn M. Williams ◽  
Rod E. Case
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Teaching Assistant ◽  
International Teaching Assistants ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Initial Interview ◽  
American Universities ◽  
International Teaching Assistant ◽  
International Teaching ◽  
Effective Use

International teaching assistants face challenges in learning the norms for teaching in American universities. In order to address this learning curve this article describes a qualitative study of twenty international teaching assistants that examined how these participants viewed observations as part of their professional development. The study explored the noticing practices of international teaching assistants who participated in an initial interview, followed by a classroom observation so that the ITAs could notice their own teaching practices in the classroom. After examining the ITAs’ noticing of events during observations, the article will conclude with general recommendations for effective use of observations as part of the training of international instructors.

scholarly journals English Communication for International Teaching Assistants

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
Rui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
International Teaching Assistants ◽  
Strategic Competence ◽  
Grammatical Competence ◽  
Sociolinguistic Competence ◽  
International Teaching

English Communication for International Teaching Assistants is at extbook written specifically for international teaching assistants (ITAs) working in a typical U.S. undergraduate classroom. An ITA might speak fluently in English with a clear pronunciation, yet the undergraduate students in an US classroom may still have difficulty understanding him or her. High English oral proficiency does notnecessarily lead to an ITA’s communicative competence, which, according to Canale and Swain (1980), includes grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, and also strategic competence.

It Sharpens My Brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 174-189
Author(s):  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
International Teaching Assistants ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
International Teaching Assistant ◽  
Teaching Assistant Training ◽  
International Teaching ◽  
The U.S

In this case study, the author investigated how international teaching assistants in the U.S. learned English language and teaching skills within a course they took about teaching at an American college. Four participants from three different countries and three disciplines volunteered to participate in this study. The results suggested that by talking with a partner, all of the participants acquired communication and conferring skills and learned teaching skills by practicing, sharing, getting feedback, and reflecting with their peers. All participants contributed to this social learning environment and enjoyed the communication between each other no matter what backgrounds and disciplines they came from. Their conversations revealed their strengths and challenges and represented their various cultural backgrounds, disciplines, and personal goals. The findings from this study suggest that teachers in the international teaching assistant training program should encourage peer learning and provide opportunities for students to work in pairs or small groups. They should also plan meaningful activities for students through which students can learn language skills and cultivate communicative competence.

Jump-Squat Performance and Its Relationship With Relative Training Intensity in High-Level Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes ◽  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽  
Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández ◽  
Víctor Cuadrado-Peñafiel ◽  
Manuel A. Ortega-Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:To examine the relationship between the relative load in full squats and the height achieved in jump-squat (JS) exercises and to determine the load that maximizes the power output of high-level athletes.Method:Fifty-one male high-level track-and-field athletes (age 25.2 ± 4.4 y, weight 77. ± 6.2 kg, height 179.9 ± 5.6 cm) who competed in sprinting and jumping events took part in the study. Full-squat 1-repetition-maximum (1-RM) and JS height (JH) with loads from 17 to 97 kg were measured in 2 sessions separated by 48 h.Results:Individual regression analyses showed that JH (R2 = .992 ± .005) and the jump decrease (JD) that each load produced with respect to the unloaded countermovement jump (CMJ) (R2 = .992 ± 0.007) are highly correlated with the full-squat %1-RM, which means that training intensities can be prescribed using JH and JD values. The authors also found that the load that maximizes JS’s power output was 0%RM (ie, unloaded CMJ).Conclusions:These results highlight the close relationship between JS performance and relative training intensity in terms of %1-RM. The authors also observed that the load that maximizes power output was 0%1-RM. Monitoring jump height during JS training could help coaches and athletes determine and optimize their training loads.

A data-driven near infrared calibration process including near infrared spectral thumbprints

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Sharon Nielsen ◽  
Kenneth G Russell ◽  
Alison Kelly ◽  
Glen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Near infrared spectra are highly correlated, complex and noisy, and potentially have many more predictor variables than are required to estimate a parsimonious calibration equation. It is difficult to appreciate the implication of pre-processing choices that are made during calibration, especially in connection with the relationship between the transformed data and the reference values. Graphical methods can be used to understand these relationships better and decisions made during the calibration process can be based on the data alone. In this paper, new graphical tools are introduced to help the researcher better understand these complex relationships in the data. When combined with the proposed algorithm to explore spectra in relation to calibration, these tools enable a parsimonious calibration model to be formed. The results from two different (diesel and wheat) near infrared spectra show that it is possible to form successful calibration equations based on the proposed algorithm, which includes the two new graphical tools. There is a high level of correlation between the results of the different transformations considered, suggesting that in terms of parsimony, developing a calibration using the raw spectra could provide the most judicious outcome.

Do Extra-Platelet Sources Contribute to the Plasma Level of Thrombospondin?

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dawes ◽  
D A Pratt ◽  
M S Dewar ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Bone Marrow Depression ◽  
Serial Sampling ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThrombospondin, a trimeric glycoprotein contained in the platelet α-granules, has been proposed as a marker of in vivo platelet activation. However, it is also synthesised by a range of other cells. The extraplatelet contribution to plasma levels of thrombospondin was therefore estimated by investigating the relationship between plasma thrombospondin levels and platelet count in samples from profoundly thrombocytopenic patients with marrow hypoplasia, using the platelet-specific α-granule protein β-thromboglobulin as control. Serum concentrations of both proteins were highly correlated with platelet count, but while plasma β-thromboglobulin levels and platelet count also correlated, there was no relationship between the number of platelets and thrombospondin concentrations in plasma. Serial sampling of patients recovering from bone marrow depression indicated that the plasma thrombospondin contributed by platelets is superimposed on a background concentration of at least 50 ng/ml probably derived from a non-platelet source, and plasma thrombospondin levels do not simply reflect platelet release.

Academic motivation and professional skills development in the Specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism at a public university [Motivación académica y desarrollo de competencias profesionales en la Especialidad de Ciencias Sociales y Turismo de una universidad pública]

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia De Paz Lazaro ◽  
Jessica Luz Palomino Collantes
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Public University ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Competencias Profesionales ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the research is to determine the relationship between academic motivation and the professional skills development in the specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. The study is quantitative and the design is non-experimental correlational translational. The results indicate that there is a high level relationship (0.914) between the independent academic motivation variable and the professional competences development in the Specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. In conclusion, motivation is directly related to the professional skills development in the specialty of Social Sciences and Tourism. The research results conclude that there is a high relationship between the variables.

Barriers of physical activity (kinesiophobia) in patients subjected to cardiac rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kocjan ◽  
Andrzej Knapik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground: Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a process designed to restore full physical, psychological and social activity and to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Fear of movement may contribute to the occurrence and intensification of hypokinesia, and consequently affect the effectiveness of therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the level of barriers of physical activity in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. The relationship between selected determinants (age and health selfassessment) and the kinesiophobia level were also examined.Material/Methods: 115 people aged 40-84 years were examined: 50 females (x = 63.46; SD = 11.19) and 65 males (x = 64.65; SD = 10.59) - patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation at the Upper-Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice. In the present study, the Polish version of questionnaires: Kinesiophobia Causes Scale (KCS) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used. Questionnaires were supplemented by authors’ short survey.Results: The patients presented an elevated level of kinesiophobia, both in general as well as in individual components. In women, the kinesiophobia level was higher than in men. The psychological domain was a greater barrier of physical activity than the biological one. Strong, negative correlations of psychological and biological domains of kinesiophobia to physical functioning (SF-36) were noted in women. In the case of men, correlations were weaker, but also statistically significant.Conclusions: 1. Sex differentiates patients in their kinesiophobia level 2. Poor self-assessment of health is associated with a greater intensification of kinesiophobia 3. A high level of kinesiophobia may negatively affect cardiac rehabilitation process

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