Hemolysis generation from a novel, linear positive displacement blood pump for cardiopulmonary bypass on a six kilogram piglet: a preliminary report

Perfusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
D. Scott Lawson ◽  
Derek Eilers ◽  
Suzanne Osorio Lujan ◽  
Maria Bortot ◽  
James Jaggers
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Blood Pumps ◽  
Extracorporeal Circuits

Background: Current blood pumps used for cardiopulmonary bypass generally fall into two different pump design categories; non-occlusive centrifugal pumps and occlusive, positive-displacement roller pumps. The amount of foreign surface area of extracorporeal circuits correlates with post-operative morbidity due to systemic inflammation, leading to a push for technology that reduces the amount of foreign surfaces. Current roller pumps are bulky and the tubing forms an arc in the pumping chamber (raceway), positioning the inlet 360 degrees from the outlet, making it very difficult to place the pump closer to the patient and to efficiently reduce tubing length. These challenges put existing roller pumps at a disadvantage for use in a compact cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. Centrifugal blood pumps are easier to incorporate into miniature circuit designs. However, the prime volumes of current centrifugal pump designs are large, especially for pediatric extracorporeal circuits where the prime volumes are too great to be of clinical value. Method: We describe a preliminary report on a novel, occlusive, linear, single-helix, positive-displacement blood pump which allows for decreased prime volume and surface area of the extracorporeal circuit. This new experimental pump design was used to perfuse a 6 kilogram piglet with a pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass circuit for two hours of continuous use. Blood samples were obtained every thirty minutes and assayed for plasma free hemolysis generation. Conclusions: The results from this initial experiment showed low plasma free hemoglobin generation and encourages the authors to further develop this concept.

In vitro hemocompatibility investigation for the development of low-flow centrifugal blood pumps with less platelet clogging

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882110525
Author(s):  
Akiko Oota-Ishigaki ◽  
Takashi Yamane ◽  
Daisuke Sakota ◽  
Ryo Kosaka ◽  
Osamu Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Centrifugal Blood Pump ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Blood Pumps ◽  
Adhesion Rate

Low-flow blood pumps rated under 1 L/min are emerging for new medical applications, such as hemofiltration in acute use. In those pumps, platelet adhesion and aggregation have to be carefully considered because of clogging risk in the filter part. To find an acceptable hemocompatibility that can be applied to low-flow centrifugal blood pump design, the platelet aggregation index, clogging on a micromesh filter, and the hemolysis index were investigated using a low-flow blood pump designed for hemofiltration use. We conducted circulation testing in vitro using fresh porcine blood and two centrifugal pumps with different impeller inlet shapes. The Negative Log Platelet Aggregation Threshold Index (NL-PATI), which reflects the ability of residual platelets to aggregate, and flow rate were measured during reflux for 60 min, and the Normalized Index of Hemolysis (NIH (g/20 min)) was calculated. In addition, blood cell clogging after reflux was observed on the micromesh filter by SEM, and the adhesion rate was calculated. Our results showed that the platelet clogging on the micromesh filter occurred when the average NL-PATI was greater than 0.28 and the average NIH (g/20 min) was greater than 0.01. In contrast, platelet clogging on the micromesh was suppressed when NL-PATI was less than 0.17 and the NIH (g/20 min) was less than 0.003. These values might be used as acceptable hemocompatibility of low-flow centrifugal blood pumps with suppressed platelet clogging for hemofiltration pumps.

scholarly journals Clinical Value and Time Course of Pericoronary Fat Inflammation in Patients with Angiographically Nonobstructive Coronaries: A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Valeria Pergola ◽  
Marco Previtero ◽  
Annagrazia Cecere ◽  
Vittorio Storer ◽  
Teresa Castiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Electrocardiographic Changes ◽  
Acute Event

The introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin allowed identifying a proportion of subjects with chest pain and electrocardiographic changes suggestive of myocardial infarction showing <50% coronary artery stenosis. PFAI is a coronary CT marker proved to predict outcome in ischemic heart disease. Based on CMR findings, patients were divided into myocarditis (n = 15), MINOCA (n = 14) and TTS (n = 9) groups. The aim was to estimate the value of pFAI in these groups compared to 12 controls. To evaluate the coronary inflammation “time course,” 20 patients underwent CMR and coronary CT scan within 8 days from the onset, the others within 60 days. There were higher values of pFAI in myocarditis (−86.45 HU), MINOCA (−84.63 HU) and TTS (−84.79 HU) compared to controls (−96.02 HU; p = 0.0077). Among patients who underwent CT within 8 days from onset, the MINOCA had a significantly higher pFAI value (−76.91 HU) compared to the control group (−96.02 HU; p = 0.0001). In the group that underwent CT later than 8 days, elevated pFAI values persisted only in the myocarditis and TTS groups, and there was no difference between MINOCA and controls. Our study shows that in patients with a diagnosis of MINOCA, there is acute coronary inflammation, which is more evident within one week from the acute event but tends to disappear with time.

Preclinical evaluation of the Kyocera Gyro centrifugal blood pump for cardiopulmonary bypass

Perfusion ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Takami ◽  
Yasuhisa Ohara ◽  
Goro Otsuka ◽  
Tadashi Nakazawa ◽  
Yukihiko Nosé
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Centrifugal Blood Pump ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation

Acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome and Blood Pump Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Rosenberg ◽  
Christopher A. Siedlecki ◽  
Choon-Sik Jhun ◽  
William J. Weiss ◽  
Keefe Manning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pump ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome ◽  
Von Willebrand

Study on Electromagnetic Vibration Pump

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Zhan Xiong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Electromagnetic Vibration ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Small Flow ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Low Specific Speed ◽  
Specific Speed

Electromagnetic vibration pump is one type of first proposed new household positive displacement pump.It is mainly used to transport water and other low viscosity liquid. It has many advantages including small flow, high head, simple structure,good self-priming performance. Electromagnetic driving method was combined with displacement pump in vibration pump for the first time. Its specific speed can reach below 10,and this is a breakthrough in super-low specific speed pump design. The working principle of electromagnetic vibration pump and its performance were studied in the paper. each of these problems is further discussed and explained in order to point out the research field for the development of electromagnetic vibration pump later.

The Heart-Pump Interaction: Effects of a Microaxial Blood Pump

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stoliński ◽  
C. Rosenbaum ◽  
W. Flameng ◽  
B. Meyns
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Failing Heart ◽  
Pump Flow ◽  
Heart Pump ◽  
Blood Pumps ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Rotary Blood Pumps

Background: When we use rotary blood pumps as an assist device, an interaction takes place between the pump performance and the native heart function (native heart influences pump performance and vice versa). The interaction between native heart and rotary blood pump can be useful to predict recovery of the failing heart. Methods: The rotary blood pumps used were microaxial catheter-mounted pumps with an external diameter of 6.4mm (Impella, Aachen, Germany). The pump-heart interaction was studied in five juvenile sheep with a mean body weight of 68.5 ± 8.7 kg. The pumps were introduced via the left carotid artery and placed in transvalvular aortic position. Recorded parameters were pump speed (rpm), generated flow (L/min) and differential pressure (mm Hg) obtained at high frequency rate of data recordings (25 sets of data per second). This allowed continuous analysis of the pump performance during cardiac cycle. Under clinical conditions the interaction was studied in a 60-year-old male, in whom the device was applied due to postcardiotomy heart failure after myocardial infarction. Results: Heart-pump interaction was analyzed based on pump flow differential pressure. This relationship, analyzed continuously during cardiac cycle, presents as a loop. The dynamic contribution of the heart to the flow generated by the pump leads to continuous fluctuation in the pressure head and the creation of hysteresis. The improved function of the failing heart under clinical conditions after seven days of mechanical support was expressed by: increased hysteresis of the loop caused by increased gradient of flow generated during cardiac cycle, a more pronounced ventricular ejection phase that indicates more dynamic heart contribution to the generated flow, and finally increased gradient of the differential pressure during cardiac cycle, caused predominantly by increased aortic pressure and decreased left ventricle pressure during diastolic phase. Conclusions: The heart-pump interaction based on the pump flow-differential pressure relationship can be useful in predicting the possibility to wean the patient from the device.

Preliminary evaluation of a predictive controller for a rotary blood pump based on pulmonary oxygen gas exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Huang ◽  
Zhe Gou ◽  
Yang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Rotary Blood Pump ◽  
Blood Pumps ◽  
Control Objective ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Rotary Blood Pumps

Physiological control of rotary blood pumps is becoming increasingly necessary for clinical use. In this study, the mean oxygen partial pressure in the upper airway was first quantitatively evaluated as a control objective for a rotary blood pump. A model-free predictive controller was designed based on this control objective. Then, the quantitative evaluation of the controller was implemented with a rotary blood pump model on a complete cardiovascular model incorporated with airway mechanics and gas exchange models. The results show that the controller maintained a mean oxygen partial pressure at a normal and constant level of 138 mmHg in the left heart failure condition and restored basic haemodynamics of blood circulation. A left ventricular contractility recovery condition was also replicated to assess the response of the controller, and a stable result was obtained. This study indicates the potential use of the oxygen partial pressure index during pulmonary gas exchange when developing a multi-objective physiological controller for rotary blood pumps.

Sensorless Detection of Cavitation in Centrifugal Pumps

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parasuram P. Harihara ◽  
Alexander G. Parlos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Electric Power Supply

Analysis of electrical signatures has been in use for some time for estimating the condition of induction motors, by extracting spectral indicators from motor current waveforms. In most applications, motors are used to drive dynamic loads, such as pumps, fans, and blowers, by means of power transmission devices, such as belts, couplers, gear-boxes. Failure of either the electric motors or the driven loads is associated with operational disruption. The large costs associated with the resulting idle equipment and personnel can often be avoided if the degradation is detected in its early stages prior to reaching failure conditions. Hence the need arises for cost-effective detection schemes not only for assessing the condition of the motor but also of the driven load. This prompts one to consider approaches that use no add-on sensors, in order to avoid any reduction in overall system reliability and increased costs. This paper presents an experimentally demonstrated sensorless approach to detecting varying levels of cavitation in centrifugal pumps. The proposed approach is sensorless in the sense that no mechanical sensors are required on either the pump or the motor driving the pump. Rather, onset of pump cavitation is detected using only the line voltages and phase currents of the electric motor driving the pump. Moreover, most industrial motor switchgear are equipped with potential transformers and current transformers which can be used to measure the motor voltages and currents. The developed fault detection scheme is insensitive to electric power supply and mechanical load variations. Furthermore, it does not require a priori knowledge of a motor or pump model or any detailed motor or pump design parameters; a model of the system is adaptively estimated on-line. The developed detection algorithm has been tested on data collected from a centrifugal pump connected to a 3 φ, 3 hp induction motor. Several cavitation levels are staged with increased severity. In addition to these staged pump faults, extensive experiments are also conducted to test the false alarm performance of the algorithm. Results from these experiments allow us to offer the conclusion that for the cases under consideration, the proposed model-based detection scheme reveals cavitation detection times that are comparable to those obtained from vibration analysis with a detection threshold that is significantly lower than used in industrial practice.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE DIFFUSER FOR MAGLEV AXIAL BLOOD PUMP

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450045
Author(s):  
HUACHUN WU ◽  
GAO GONG ◽  
ZHIQIANG WANG ◽  
YEFA HU ◽  
CHUNSHENG SONG
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Blade Angle ◽  
Blade Number ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
Blood Pumps

Hydraulic performance is an especially important factor for maglev axial blood pumps that have been used in patients with heart disease. Most maglev axial blood pumps basically consist of a straightener, an impeller and a diffuser. The diffuser plays a key role in the performance of the maglev axial blood pump to provide an adequate pressure head and increase the hydraulic efficiency. Maglev axial blood pumps with various structural diffusers exhibit different hydraulic performance. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to quantify hydrodynamic in a maglev axial blood pump with a flow rate of 6 L/min against a pressure head of 100 mmHg to optimize the diffuser structure. First, we design the prototype of diffuser structure based on traditional design method, establish blood flow channel models using commercial software ANSYS FLUENT. Specifically, compare the performance of pump with the diffusers of different parameters, such as the leading edge blade angle, blade-thickness and blade-number. The results show that the diffuser structures with the thickening blade by arc airfoil law, blade-number of 6, leading edge blade angle of 24°, and trailing edge blade angle of 90° exhibited the best hydraulic performance which could be utilized in the optimization design of maglev axial blood pumps.

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