Adolescent Popularity as a Nonlinear, Two-Dimensional Construct: Convergent Results From Three Large Samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 027243162110160
Author(s):  
Peter E. L. Marks ◽  
Ben Babcock ◽  
Yvonne H. M. van den Berg ◽  
Rob Gommans ◽  
Antonius H. N. Cillessen
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Peer Nominations

The goal of this study was to advance the conceptualization and measurement of adolescent popularity by exploring the commonly used composite score (popularity minus unpopularity). We used standardized peer nominations from 4,414 early adolescents (ages ≈ 12-14 years) from three samples collected in two countries. Popularity and unpopularity were strongly related, but not linearly; scatterplots of the two variables resembled an L-shaped right angle. Subsequent analyses indicated that either including popularity as a curvilinear term or including both popularity and unpopularity as separate terms explained significantly more variance in social and behavioral correlates than linear, bivariate analyses using popularity, unpopularity, or composite popularity. These results suggest that researchers studying adolescent popularity should either separate popularity and unpopularity or treat composite popularity as curvilinear.

scholarly journals Early Adolescents’ Social Standing in Peer Groups: Behavioral Correlates of Stability and Change

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
Ley A. Killeya-Jones ◽  
Shari Miller ◽  
Philip R. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Stability And Change

Muscle protein analysis. II. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of normal and diseased human skeletal muscle.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1152-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Giometti ◽  
M Bárány ◽  
M J Danon ◽  
N G Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Myosin Light Chains ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Two Dimensional Electrophoresis ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

Abstract We used high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis to analyze the major proteins of normal and pathological human-muscle samples. The normal human-muscle pattern contains four myosin light chains: three that co-migrate with the myosin light chains from rabbit fast muscle (extensor digitorum longus), and one that co-migrates with the light chain 2 from rabbit slow muscle (soleus). Of seven Duchenne muscular dystrophy samples, four yielded patterns with decreased amounts of actin and myosin relative to normal muscle, while three samples gave patterns comparable to that for normal muscle. Six samples from patients with myotonic dystrophy also gave normal patterns. In nemaline rod myopathy, in contrast, the pattern was deficient in two of the fast-type myosin light chains.

Unsociability, Peer Rejection, and Loneliness in Chinese Early Adolescents: Testing a Cross-Lagged Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162096145
Author(s):  
Bowen Xiao ◽  
Amanda Bullock ◽  
Junsheng Liu ◽  
Robert Coplan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
Best Fit

In this study, we explored the longitudinal linkages among Chinese early adolescents’ unsociability, peer rejection, and loneliness. Participants were N = 445 primary school students in Shanghai, P.R. China followed over 3 years from Grades 6 and 7 to Grades 8 and 9. Measures of adolescents’ unsociability, peer rejection, and loneliness were obtained each year from a combination of self-reports and peer nominations. Among the results, (1) compared with the unidirectional and bidirectional models, the cross-lagged model was deemed the best fit for the data; (2) adolescent unsociability contributed to later increases in loneliness via a pathway through peer rejection; and (3) loneliness directly contributed to later increases in unsociability. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of unsociability for Chinese adolescents’ experience of peer rejection and subsequent loneliness.

Assessment and Implications of Social Avoidance in Chinese Early Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Sang ◽  
Xuechen Ding ◽  
Robert J. Coplan ◽  
Junsheng Liu ◽  
Tingting Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Peer Nominations

The goals of the present study were to (a) develop and validate a new self-report measure of social avoidance for use among early adolescents in mainland China and (b) explore the links between subtypes of social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance) and indices of socio-emotional difficulties in this cultural context. Participants were 663 early adolescents (350 boys, 313 girls) attending elementary schools ([Formula: see text] = 10.25 years) and middle schools ([Formula: see text] = 12.53 years) in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. Measures of social withdrawal subtypes and adjustment were collected using multi-source assessments, including self-reports, peer nominations, and teacher ratings. The results provided evidence in support of the reliability and validity of the new scale of self-reported social avoidance. Shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance were also all uniquely associated with emotion dysregulation and self-reported internalizing problems. However, only social avoidance was uniquely associated with teacher-rated emotion symptoms and peer problems (as rated by both peers and teachers). Results are discussed in terms of the reasons why social avoidance may have particularly negative implications for early adolescents in China.

Rapid Determination of Ortho- and Polyphosphates in Soft Drinks

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUHIDE TONOGAI ◽  
MASAHIRO IWAIDA
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Ion Exchange Column ◽  
Mango Juice ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Ortho-, poly (pyro- and higher)- and meta-phosphates can be separated from each other with two dimensional thin layer chromatography, the detection level being 1 μg as P2O5. For determination of ortho- and poly (including polymeta-)-phosphates, an ion-exchange column chromatography was used. A single concentration elution with 0.2 M potassium chloride was effective for separating of orthophosphates from polyphosphates, and the residual polyphosphates could be recovered with 6 N hydrochloric acid. This system was used for a survey of polyphosphates in 61 samples of soft drinks sold in Osaka. Results showed that the total phosphate contents within the range of 0 – 0.420 g of P2O5/kg. Only three samples contained polyphosphates. The highest being 0.261 g of polyphosphate/kg in a soft drink containing 20% mango juice.

scholarly journals The Personalities of Twins: Just Ordinary Folks

Twin Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Johnson ◽  
Robert F. Krueger ◽  
Thomas J. Bouchard ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Twin Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Mz Twins

AbstractTwin studies have demonstrated that personality traits show moderate genetic influence. The conclusions drawn from twin studies rely on the assumptions that twins are representative of the population at large and that monozygotic and dizygotic twins are comparable in every way that might have bearing on the traits being studied. To evaluate these assumptions, we used Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) data from three samples drawn from the Minnesota Twin Registry (totaling 12,971 respondents) to examine the effect sizes associated with mean differences on the 11 MPQ scales and 3 higher-order MPQ factors for singletons versus twins and MZ twins versus DZ twins. The singletons in the samples were family members of the participating twins. We also used ratios of scale variances to examine the significance of variance differences. The only mean or variance difference replicated across all three samples was greater Social Closeness (about .1 standard deviation) for twins than for singletons. This difference was obtained for both males and females. It would appear that, with respect to personality, twins are not systematically different from other people. Our results also highlight the importance of replication in psychological research because each of our large samples showed differences not replicated in other samples.

Effects of Response Style on Polarity and Validity of Two-Dimensional Mood Models

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-258
Author(s):  
Ross R. Vickers ◽  
Linda K. Hervig
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Factor Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Military Recruits

Unipolar and bipolar two-dimensional models have been proposed to represent mood. This study showed that a given data set will produce both a unipolar model and a bipolar model when a response-style adjustment is employed. The two models provided mathematically equivalent descriptions of a single-factor space and were equally valid for describing mood differences between successful and unsuccessful military recruits and between recruits in different basic training platoons. Both models discriminated between these groups as well as a six-factor model. The findings confirmed the existence of a reliable two-dimensional representation of self-reported mood but indicated that any choice between unipolar and bipolar models must be based on criteria other than the structure of self-reported mood. Further comparisons to mote complex mood models are needed to determine whether two dimensions adequately represent self-reported mood when a wider range of situational factors and behavioral correlates are considered. If so, a simple, reliable, consensual model for mood would be available to researchers interested in studying mood determinants and effects.

Water-vapor-induced transformation of two-dimensional vanadyl hydrogen phosphate hemihydrate, VOHPO4·0.5H2O, to one-dimensional tetrahydrate, VOHPO4·4H2O

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3131-3134
Author(s):  
Soumen Dasgupta ◽  
Monika Agarwal ◽  
Arunabha Datta
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The One ◽  
Vanadyl Hydrogen Phosphate Hemihydrate ◽  
First Time

The catalytically important, two-dimensional vanadyl hydrogen phosphate hemihydrate, VOHPO4·0.5H2O phase was transformed to the one-dimensional vanadyl hydrogen phosphate tetrahydrate, VOHPO4·4H2O for the first time by mild treatment with water vapor. It was also observed that for three samples of VOHPO4·0.5H2O prepared under different conditions, the rate of transformation to the tetrahydrate was markedly affected by morphology and crystallinity. The tetrahydrate phase could also be re-transformed to the hemihydrate by applying high vacuum or by heating at 120 °C, but this was accompanied by significant loss in crystallinity.

Microdiffraction using two-dimensional detectors

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Baoping He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Inhomogeneous Phase

X-ray diffraction analysis on small samples or micro-area of large samples is always a challenge due to weak diffraction and poor statistics, especially when dealing with samples containing large grain size, inhomogeneous phase distribution, and preferred orientation. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction has many advantages in microdiffraction analysis. A two-dimensional detector can collect a large amount of data both in terms of speed and angular coverage. This paper covers some aspects about instrumentation of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction and its applications in phase identification and stress analysis on small samples and micro-area of large samples.

scholarly journals Sociometric research in pedagogy

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Group Classification ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Selection Of

The use of sociometric research in pedagogy implies consideration of methodological demands pertaining to the selection and formulation of sociometric criteria, the selection of sociometric techniques, instruments and sociometric group classification methods. Various authors agree that sociometric criteria are basic relevant activities of the group they refer to and that they should be meaningful, understandable to every group member and clearly and precisely formulated. The selection of the appropriate sociometric technique and instrument has to be adjusted with the goal of sociometric research, along with the consideration of the advantages and short?comings of different sociometric techniques and instruments. The existing research provides very divergent results on the adequacy of different classification methods in identifying stable sociometric groups. Still, the majority of studies have confirmed that the two-dimensional rating scale method yields more stable classifications than the classification methods based on peer nominations, as well as that it is methodologically more justifiable to use cluster analysis in identifying stable sociometric status groups than the traditional classification methods.

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