scholarly journals Quantitative Evidence of Students’ Use of Social Networks and Social Categorization When Self-Selecting Teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Neu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
High Level ◽  
Team Assignment ◽  
Level Of Importance

This article presents two studies aimed at understanding consequences of giving students complete decision-making authority to select team members for a team assignment. Study 1 concludes that students place a high level of importance on cognitively categorizing their classmates as those to approach and avoid when self-selecting teams, and they put forth a good deal of effort to actually approach some classmates and avoid others. The approach category forms for most students as they develop a team assignment social network comprised of classmates who are highly trusted and believed to be high in trustworthiness. Study 2 finds evidence that, in the absence of network members and prior knowledge of each other, students use social cues (style of dress) to cognitively categorize classmates and make inferences about their trustworthiness based on the category in which they are placed. Study 2 also finds that style of dress influences students’ trust in their classmates, preference for who they want on their team, and effort they would put forth to approach some classmates and avoid others. Implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Assessment Modeling 
of Partnership Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Seto ◽  
Kristin Medlin
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
University Partnerships ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Data Points ◽  
High Level

What does it mean to be in a strong partnership? Using Collaboratory’s national dataset of community engagement data, we explored partnerships between higher education institutions and the community organizations with which they are partnered. Our goals were to 1- understand what quantitative characteristics from Collaboratory denote ‘strong’ community-university partnerships, 2- use those characteristics to create an algorithmic assessment model to identify the strongest partnerships in the Collaboratory dataset, and 3- reveal common themes that practitioners can leverage to cultivate stronger and more resilient partnerships. With input from Collaboratory administrators, community engagement professionals, and institutional research team members, we identified four quantitative data points in Collaboratory data that we combined into a partnership strength model. The model identified 99 out of 2,083 community-university partnerships that might be classified as high-strength. The model’s results represent an initial jumping-off point for future research, including qualitative assessment of the 99 strongest partnerships to validate the model. Additionally, we argue that quantitative assessment of qualitative partnerships is by no means a silver bullet, but instead represents a pragmatic method of high-level assessment and quick filtering of large datasets of qualitative partnership data that would otherwise be prohibitively time-consuming.

Managing Team Diversity in the Workplace

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Schouten ◽  
Jasmien Khattab ◽  
Phoebe Pahng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Team Outcomes ◽  
Personality Diversity ◽  
Elaboration Model ◽  
Dysfunctional Conflict ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
Main Effects

The study of team diversity has generated a large amount of research because of the changing nature of workplaces as they become more diverse and work becomes more organized around teams. Team diversity describes the variation among team members in terms of any attribute in which individuals may differ. Examples are demographic background diversity, functional or educational diversity, and personality diversity. Diversity can be operationalized as categorical (variety), continuous (separation), or vertical (disparity). Initial research on team diversity was dominated by a main-effects approach that produced two main perspectives: social-categorization scholars suggested that diversity hurts team outcomes, as it decreases feelings of cohesion and increases dysfunctional conflict, whereas the information and decision-making perspective suggested that diversity helps team outcomes, as it makes more information available in the team to help with decision-making. In an effort to integrate these disparate insights, the categorization-elaboration model (CEM) proposed that team diversity can lead both to social categorization and to information elaboration on the basis of contextual factors that may give rise to either process. The CEM has received widespread support in research, but a number of questions about the processes through which diversity has an effect on team outcomes remain.

Diversitŕ nei gruppi di lavoro e performance

2009 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Beatrice Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Elaboration Model

- The key question in diversity research concerns the effects of diversity on Work Group processes and work group performance. In this setting most of research has been performed according to two distinct perspectives, the social categorization and the information decision making. So far however, the research has yielded ambiguous results: diversity seems to have positive as well negative effects on work group work group outcomes (Milliken, Martins, 1996; Brewer, 1995; Guzzo, Shea, 1992; Jehn, Northcraft, Neale, 1999; Triandis et al.,1994). Recently, van Knippenberg, De Dreu, Homan (2004) proposed the Categorization Elaboration Model CEM (van Knippenberg et al., 2004; van Knippenberg, 2007), which deals with those ambiguous results by incorporating as well as integrating the social categorization and the information decision making perspectives. The model set an agenda for future research in work group diversity.

10 CHALLENGING PROBLEMS IN DATA MINING RESEARCH

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIANG YANG ◽  
XINDONG WU
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Short Article ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Importance ◽  
Young Researchers

In October 2005, we took an initiative to identify 10 challenging problems in data mining research, by consulting some of the most active researchers in data mining and machine learning for their opinions on what are considered important and worthy topics for future research in data mining. We hope their insights will inspire new research efforts, and give young researchers (including PhD students) a high-level guideline as to where the hot problems are located in data mining. Due to the limited amount of time, we were only able to send out our survey requests to the organizers of the IEEE ICDM and ACM KDD conferences, and we received an overwhelming response. We are very grateful for the contributions provided by these researchers despite their busy schedules. This short article serves to summarize the 10 most challenging problems of the 14 responses we have received from this survey. The order of the listing does not reflect their level of importance.

A Randomized Waitlist Controlled Analysis of Team-Initiated Problem Solving Professional Development and Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Horner ◽  
James S. Newton ◽  
Anne W. Todd ◽  
Bob Algozzine ◽  
Kate Algozzine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Professional Development Workshop ◽  
Positive Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Before And After

Data-based problem solving is a hallmark of research-supported practices such as positive behavioral interventions and supports. In this study, we provided members of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) teams from 38 elementary schools with professional development focused on a research-supported problem-solving model (Team-Initiated Problem Solving). We used direct observations to document procedures, practices, and outcomes before and after participating in the professional development workshop. Within the context of a randomized waitlist controlled trial, team members in the Immediate Group demonstrated greater improvement in (a) problem-solving procedures, (b) decision-making practices, and (c) meeting outcomes than did members of PBIS teams in the Waitlist Group. Our findings extend what is known about team-based problem solving and provide a framework for future research and improved practice related to decision making by school teams.

scholarly journals Situational awareness for distributed mobile robot teams under limited communication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kenzin ◽  
I. Bychkov ◽  
N. Maksimkin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Autonomous Mobile Robots ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Agent Interaction ◽  
Cooperative Decision Making ◽  
High Level

A high level of team situational awareness is essential during complex, large-scale missions of autonomous mobile robots. When a situation appears that needs inter-agent interaction for cooperative decision-making, the basic understanding of the current conditions ought to be identical within the group. To achieve this requirement, all emergent information of acute importance must be promptly shared among team members. It is a non-trivial problem for large-sized and distributed robotic teams, especially under hard communication constraints. The problem considered in this paper is to nd an ecient emergency broadcasting strategy for search and survey operations of the robotic groups providing the fastest way for any agent to aware the remaining team in case of any unexpected changes. A number of simple ruled-based heuristics is proposed to treat the problem. The comparison between the suggested approaches is made regarding both the quality of the obtained solutions and the working speed.

Development of a German-Language Questionnaire to Measure Collective Orientation as an Individual Attitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Language ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Collective Orientation ◽  
Team Research ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The individual attitudes of every single team member are important for team performance. Studies show that each team member’s collective orientation – that is, propensity to work in a collective manner in team settings – enhances the team’s interdependent teamwork. In the German-speaking countries, there was previously no instrument to measure collective orientation. So, I developed and validated a German-language instrument to measure collective orientation. In three studies (N = 1028), I tested the validity of the instrument in terms of its internal structure and relationships with other variables. The results confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument also predicts team performance in terms of interdependent teamwork. I discuss differences in established individual variables in team research and the role of collective orientation in teams. In future research, the instrument can be applied to diagnose teamwork deficiencies and evaluate interventions for developing team members’ collective orientation.

The Relationship Between Leader–Member Exchange and Employees’ Proactive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Fong-Yi Lai ◽  
Szu-Chi Lu ◽  
Cheng-Chen Lin ◽  
Yu-Chin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract. The present study proposed that, unlike prior leader–member exchange (LMX) research which often implicitly assumed that each leader develops equal-quality relationships with their supervisors (leader’s LMX; LLX), every leader develops different relationships with their supervisors and, in turn, receive different amounts of resources. Moreover, these differentiated relationships with superiors will influence how leader–member relationship quality affects team members’ voice and creativity. We adopted a multi-temporal (three wave) and multi-source (leaders and employees) research design. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 227 bank employees working in 52 departments. Results of the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis showed that LLX moderates the relationship between LMX and team members’ voice behavior and creative performance. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.

Radiological safety and assessment of the performance of X-ray systems in veterinary facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Economides ◽  
C.J. Hourdakis ◽  
C. Pafilis ◽  
G. Simantirakis ◽  
P. Tritakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radiological Safety ◽  
High Level

This paper concerns an analysis regarding the performance of X-ray equipment as well as the radiological safety in veterinary facilities. Data were collected from 380 X-ray veterinary facilities countrywide during the on-site regulatory inspections carried out by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission. The analysis of the results shows that the majority of the veterinary radiographic systems perform within the acceptable limits; moreover, the design and shielding of X-ray rooms as well as the applied procedures ensure a high level of radiological safety for the practitioners, operators and the members of the public. An issue that requires specific attention in the optimization process for the proper implementation of veterinary radiology practices in terms of radiological safety is the continuous training of the personnel. The above findings and the regulatory experience gained were valuable decision-making elements regarding the type of the regulatory control of veterinary radiology practices in the new radiation protection framework.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document