A retrospective survey of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection rates in paediatric patients from a single centre in Wuxi, China

Objective To provide some epidemiological data on Chlamydia pneumoniae infection rates in paediatric patients at a single centre in Wuxi, China. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of serum samples from paediatric patients (<12 years) with a respiratory tract infection (RTI) and who had been admitted to the Department of Paediatrics, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, China, from 01 January 2015 to 31 December 2016. C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies had been analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Of the 3866 children (2073 boys, 1793 girls) with a RTI that provided serum samples, 19% were positive for C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies. Among these children, 56% were positive for other infections. Conclusions Children over 6 years of age with a RTI had a higher C.pneumoniae infection rate than younger children and the infection rate was more common in winter months compared with other times of the year.

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Prevalence and clinical correlation of hepatitis E virus antibody in the patients’ serum samples from a tertiary care hospital in Thailand during 2015–2018

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-021-01616-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Atiporn Boonyai ◽

Anchalee Thongput ◽

Thidarat Sisaeng ◽

Parisut Phumchan ◽

Navin Horthongkham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Organ Transplant ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies

Abstract Background Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis caused by HEV infection are usually higher in developing countries. This study demonstrated the HEV seroprevalence and incidence of HEV infection in patients with clinical hepatitis in a tertiary hospital in Thailand. Methods A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted using 1106 serum samples from patients suspected of HEV infection sent to the Serology laboratory, Siriraj Hospital, for detecting HEV antibodies during 2015–2018. Prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies in general patients, including organ transplant recipients and pregnant women in a hospital setting, were determined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Comparison of laboratory data between groups with different HEV serological statuses was performed. Results HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 40.82% of 904 serum samples, while HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 11.75% of 1081 serum samples. Similar IgG and IgM antibody detection rates were found in pregnant women. Interestingly, anti-HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 38.5% of patients who underwent organ transplantation. Patients who tested positive for anti-HEV IgM antibodies had higher alanine aminotransferase levels than those who had not. In contrast, patients who tested positive for anti-HEV IgG had more elevated levels of total bilirubin than those who tested negative. Conclusions HEV seroprevalence and incidence in patients with clinical hepatitis were relatively high in the Thai population, including the pregnancy and organ transplant subgroups. The results potentially benefit the clinicians in decision-making to investigate HEV antibodies and facilitating proper management for patients.

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IgM and IgA Antibody Responses in 12 Cases of Human Acquired Toxoplasmosis

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651997000600004 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 327-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emília E. H. TAKAHASHI ◽

Cláudio L. ROSSI

Keyword(s):

Serological Test ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Direct Elisa ◽

Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Acquired Toxoplasmosis

The persistence, in some subjects, of specific IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii for several months after the acute phase of infection has complicated the interpretation of serological test results for toxoplasmosis. Several reports have emphasized the value of the detection of Toxoplasma-specific IgA antibodies for the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. In this article, we report the follow-up profiles of Toxoplasma-specific IgM and IgA antibodies in serum samples obtained from 12 patients at various intervals after the onset of the clinical manifestations of infection. IgM antibodies were detected by the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test, antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and enzyme-mediated chemilluminescent technique (CmL). IgA antibodies were quantified by the direct ELISA (dELISA) and cELISA procedures. As defined by the manufacturer of the cELISA test for IgA used, most patients with acute toxoplasmosis have antibody levels > 40 arbritary units per ml (AU/ml). At values > 40 AU/ml, the cELISA for IgA detected significant antibody levels for a shorter time than the other techniques used for IgM and IgA detection. However, IgA levels <FONT FACE="Symbol">£</font> 40 AU/ml do not exclude the possibility of acute toxoplasmosis since such levels can be reached very soon after infection with T. gondii. The results obtained in the present study show that the serological diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis may not be such an easy task. Our data suggest that use of the IgA-cELISA concomitantly with IgM antibody screening could permit, in some circumstances, a more efficient diagnosis of acute acquired toxoplasmosis

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Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Dustmen in Northeastern China: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/3207675 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ruo-Lan Jiang ◽

Quan Zhao ◽

Jing Jiang ◽

Xue-Long Chen ◽

Xiao-Xuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

First Record ◽

Case Control ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Control Subjects ◽

The Government ◽

At Home

Background. Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect many hosts including humans. Methods. In order to estimate whether dustmen are more susceptible to T. gondii, a case-control study was conducted containing 332 dustmen from Jilin and Heilongjiang in Northeastern China, as well as 332 general populations from the same regions as control subjects. Serum samples were tested IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The overall anti-T. gondii IgG was 15.06% (50/332) in dustmen compared with 9.64% (32/332) in the controls (P = 0.0337). Also, 5 (1.51%) dustmen had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies compared with 2 (0.60%) control individuals (P = 0.2543). A significant association was only found between dustmen and level of T. gondii IgG in comparison with the control subjects. Seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies in male dustmen was significant higher than male control subjects (P = 0.0399). Dustmen from Jilin had the significant higher T. gondii IgG rate (P = 0.0143), in comparison with the control subjects from Jilin. Moreover, dustmen raising cat at home had the significant higher T. gondii IgG rate (P = 0.0097), in comparison with the control subjects. Risk factor analysis suggested that raising cat at home and not having habits of washing hand before eating were mainly related to the T. gondii infection in dustmen. Conclusions. This is the first record of seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dustmen in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeastern China. These findings also suggest that the government departments should pay close attention to the toxoplasmosis in dustmen in Northeastern China.

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Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.10.3.394-398.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 394-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Won-Jong Jang ◽

Myung-Suk Huh ◽

Kyung-Hee Park ◽

Myung-Sik Choi ◽

Ik-Sang Kim

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Scrub Typhus ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Capture Elisa ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Immunodominant Antigen

ABSTRACT To differentiate scrub typhus from other acute febrile diseases, a rapid and reliable serological diagnosis is important. We developed an immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of recent Orientia tsutsugamushi infections in humans. The 56-kDa major outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi is well known as the most immunodominant antigen in scrub typhus. The test is based on the use of the biotinylated recombinant 56-kDa protein of O. tsutsugamushi Boryong, Bor56, which was expressed as a fusion protein with a maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli. In the test, the serum IgM antibodies were captured by anti-human IgM antibodies coated onto a microtiter plate. The captured IgM antibodies were revealed through sequential addition of biotinylated Bor56 antigen and peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin to the plate. The IgM capture ELISA was compared with the immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) by testing 176 serum samples from patients with diagnosed cases of rickettsial disease and patients with other acute febrile diseases. Of the 81 IgG IFA-positive samples, 78 tested positive (sensitivity, 96.3%) and all 31 IgM IFA-positive samples tested positive (sensitivity, 100%) by the IgM capture ELISA. The specificity of the IgM capture ELISA was 99%, and 1 of the 95 IFA-negative samples was positive in the assay. These results strongly suggest that IgM capture ELISA using the recombinant Bor56 antigen is a reliable and detailed method for the detection of early O. tsutsugamushi infection.

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Seroprevalence and Clinical Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection among Febrile Outpatients Seeking Health Care in Mzuzu City, Malawi

10.20944/preprints202105.0387.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Flywell Kawonga ◽

Gerald Misinzo ◽

Dylo Pemba ◽

Leonard Mboera ◽

Isaac Thom Shawa

Keyword(s):

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV. We conducted this study determine the seroprevalence and clinical presentation of Chikungunya infection among outpatients seeking healthcare in Mzuzu City, Malawi. Blood samples were collected from malaria negative and non-septic febrile outpatients with fevers ≥38 °C, for not more than 5 days. The enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies and its results were used to determine seroprevalence of Chikungunya. A total of 119 serum samples were tested, of these, 73 (61.3%) tested positive for anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies by ELISA. Laboratory requisition forms were used to capture demographic information such as age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms presented by the enrolled patients. Age groups of 1-9, 10- 19, 20- 29, 30- 39, 40- 49, and ≥50 years had 17.8% (n= 13), 12.3 %,( n=9), 15.1%) (n=11), 19.2%; (n=14), 17.8% (n=13) and 17.8% (n=13) proportion of seroprevalence respectively. Most of the CHIKV infected individuals presented with fever (52.05%), joint pain (45.21%) and abdominal pain (42.67%). The presence of anti- CHIKV IgM antibodies suggest the presence of recent CHIKV infection and therefore accurate laboratory assays are highly recommended for CHIKV diagnosis and appropriate management of febrile patients.

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Evaluation of PCR, Culture, and Serology for Diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae Respiratory Infections

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.8.2301-2307.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 2301-2307 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

R. P. Verkooyen ◽

D. Willemse ◽

S. C. A. M. Hiep-van Casteren ◽

S. A. Mousavi Joulandan ◽

R. J. Snijder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Routine Clinical Practice ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serological Evidence ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Respiratory Specimens

We prospectively studied 156 patients with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia requiring admission. Several respiratory specimens were obtained for the detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by cell culture and PCR. Three serum samples were obtained from each patient. Serological diagnosis of a C. pneumoniae infection was determined by the microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test, the complement fixation (CF) test, and recombinant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; referred to as the rDNA LPS ELISA). Twenty-three patients (15%) had serological results compatible with acute C. pneumoniae infection; nine (39%) of these subjects were C. pneumoniae PCR positive. Twenty-two patients (14%) had positive PCR results without serological evidence of an acute C. pneumoniae infection. An attempt was made to calculate the sensitivities and specificities of the MIF test, rDNA LPS ELISA, and PCR for the diagnosis of chlamydial community-acquired pneumonia. Several “gold standards” were defined. Generally, the sensitivities of the rDNA LPS ELISA and MIF were comparable, while the sensitivity of the CF test was shown to be very low. Independent of the gold standard used, the best PCR results were obtained with nasopharyngeal specimens. However, the predictive value of a positive C. pneumoniaePCR result for patients with community-acquired pneumonia remains unknown and may be low. Although a widely accepted gold standard is still lacking, the rDNA LPS ELISA may currently be the preferred tool for diagnosing acute respiratory Chlamydia infections in routine clinical practice. However, the MIF test remains the method of choice for determining the prevalence of C. pneumoniaeinfections in a given community.

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P104 One year failure rates for de novo ventriculo-peritonealshunts in under 3- month-old children

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. e50.1-e50

Author(s):

E Bentley ◽

R Ved ◽

A Amato-Watkins ◽

J Lang ◽

G Zilani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infection Rate ◽

De Novo ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Older Children ◽

Single Centre ◽

Single Centre Study ◽

One Year ◽

Shunt Survival ◽

Shunt Infections

ObjectivesHistorically VPS failure and infection rates are higher for neonates than for older children. We compared our one year VPS failure and infection rates in under 3-month-olds with those of older children.DesignA retrospective, single centre study comparing 1 year survival and infection rates of VPS in under 3-month-olds verses older children.Subjects58 children under 3 months of age underwent VPS insertion between January 2007 and December 2016.MethodsData was collected by three independent reviewers from electronic files and case notes. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and one year shunt survival curves were produced.ResultsFor children under 3 months there was a 29.3% one-year shunt failure rate, of which 2 were shunt infections (3.4%). In patients greater than 3 months, the shunt malfunction rate was 23.4% and the infection rate was 4.3%. There were no shunt-related mortalities in either group.ConclusionsChildren under 3-months-old undergoing VPS insertion should not automatically expect an increased 1 year failure or infection rate compared with older children. Reasons for this may be increased sub-specialisation, improved neonatal care and use of antibiotic impregnated catheters.

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Development of an Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Equine and Swine IgM Antibodies to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.8.3.475-481.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 475-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

En-min Zhou ◽

Jose Riva ◽

Alfonso Clavijo

Keyword(s):

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Competitive Elisa ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Vesicular Stomatitis ◽

Elisa Plate

ABSTRACT An immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MC-ELISA) was developed for the detection of primary infection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in equine and swine sera. The test was based on the use of biotinylated sheep antibodies against equine or swine IgM molecules bound to a streptavidin-coated ELISA plate. The captured IgM antibodies were detected by application of antigens prepared from the New Jersey and the Indiana VSV serotypes (VSV-NJ and VSV-IN, respectively) and mouse polyclonal antibodies against VSV-NJ and VSV-IN. The MC-ELISA was compared to a competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) and the standard microtiter serum neutralization (MTSN) assay by testing serum samples from horses and pigs experimentally infected with VSV-NJ or VSV-IN. The MC-ELISA detected specific homologous IgM antibodies from equine and swine sera as early as 5 and 4 days postinfection (DPI), respectively, and as late as 35 DPI. The MTSN test also detected antibodies as early as 5 DPI and as late as 160 DPI. In a similar fashion, the C-ELISA detected antibodies from 6 to 7 DPI and as late as 160 DPI. These results demonstrated that the MC-ELISA is a useful test for serodiagnosis of primary VSV infection in horses and pigs.

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Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with liver disease in eastern China

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268817001327 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (11) ◽

pp. 2296-2302 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. L. TIAN ◽

G. X. LI ◽

H. M. ELSHEIKHA ◽

D. S. GARDNER ◽

X. Y. ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Eastern China ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

SUMMARYThe role of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in the pathogenesis of liver disease has recently gained much interest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in patients with liver disease from three cities in Shandong and Henan provinces, China. A case–control study was conducted from December 2014 to November 2015 and included 1142 patients with liver disease and 1142 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from all individuals and were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. Information on the demographics, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics of the participants was collected from the medical records and by the use of a questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG was 19·7% in patients with liver disease compared with 12·17% in the controls. Only 13 patients had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies compared with 12 control individuals (1·14% vs. 1·05%, respectively). The highest seroprevalence was detected in patients with liver cancer (22·13%), followed by hepatitis patients (20·86%), liver cirrhosis patients (20·42%), and steatosis patients (20%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that consumption of raw meat (odds ratio (OR) = 1·32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·01–1·71; P = 0·03) and source of drinking water from wells (OR = 1·56; 95% CI 1·08–2·27; P = 0·01) were independent risk factors for T. gondii infection in liver disease patients. These findings indicate that T. gondii infection is more likely to be present in patients with liver disease. Therefore, efforts should be directed toward health education of populations at high risk of T. gondii infection and measures should be taken to protect vulnerable patients with liver disease.

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Immunoglobulin G, A, and M Responses to BK Virus in Renal Transplantation

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00114-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1057-1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Parmjeet S. Randhawa ◽

Gaurav Gupta ◽

Abhay Vats ◽

Ron Shapiro ◽

Raphael P. Viscidi

Keyword(s):

Viral Replication ◽

Optical Density ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Jc Virus ◽

Bk Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Active Viral Replication

ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies were measured in serum samples from 71 organ donors, 81 kidney transplant recipients at transplantation, and 67 patients during the posttransplant period by using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BK virus (BKV) and JC virus DNA were detected in urine and plasma by real-time PCR. IgG antibodies to BKV were demonstrated in the majority (80.3 to 100%) of patients irrespective of clinical category, but titers were highest in patients with active viral replication. IgA antibodies were present with greater frequency (72.7 to 81.3% versus 0 to 23.6%; P < 0.001) and higher titer (mean optical density, 0.11 to 0.15 versus 0.05 to 0.08; P < 0.001) in patients who were BKV DNA positive than those who were BKV DNA negative. IgM antibodies showed a similar pattern of reactivity but lower frequency in the setting of active viral replication (9.1 to 43.7% versus 0 to 1.4%; P < 0.001). A rise in IgG level of >0.577 optical density (OD) units or a rise in IgA or IgM level of >0.041 OD units was strongly associated with active viral replication. Urine viral load showed a positive correlation with IgM titer (r = 0.22) but a negative correlation with IgG titer (r = −0.28) and IgA titer (r = −0.1). Chronic dialysis patients typically did not have serologic or virologic evidence of active BKV infection. Anti-BKV titers did not rise in patients with JC viruria. In conclusion, measurement of anti-BKV antibody titer and class response can be used to detect the onset of viral replication. ELISAs can be quite specific despite considerable sequence homology between BK virus and JC virus.

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